Romans 2
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Romans 2
Romans 2 is the second chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22. Although "the main theme of the Epistle sthe doctrine of justification by faith", in verse 6 Paul "lays down with unmistakable definiteness and precision the doctrine that works, what a man has done, the moral tenor of his life, will be the standard by which he will be judged at the last day". Text The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 29 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are: *Papyrus 40 (~250; extant verses 1–3) *Papyrus 113 (3rd century; extant verses 12–13, 29) *Codex Vaticanus (325–350) *Codex Sinaiticus (330–360) *Codex Alexandrinus (400–440) *Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 1–4) ...
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Epistle To The Romans
The Epistle to the Romans is the sixth book in the New Testament, and the longest of the thirteen Pauline epistles. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by Paul the Apostle to explain that salvation is offered through the gospel of Jesus Christ. Romans was likely written while Paul was staying in the house of Gaius in Corinth. The epistle was probably transcribed by Paul's amanuensis Tertius and is dated AD late 55 to early 57. Consisting of 16 chapters, versions with only the first 14 or 15 chapters circulated early. Some of these recensions lacked all reference to the original audience of Christians in Rome making it very general in nature. Other textual variants include subscripts explicitly mentioning Corinth as the place of composition and name Phoebe, a deacon of the church in Cenchreae, as the messenger who took the epistle to Rome. Prior to composing the epistle, Paul had evangelized the areas surrounding the Aegean Sea and was eager to take the gospel fa ...
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Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII), designated by the siglum A or 02 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 4 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity. This Bible contained both the Old and New Testaments in Koine Greek. written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the fifth century. It contains the majority of the Greek Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. It is one of the four Great uncial codices (these being manuscripts which originally contained the whole of both the Old and New Testaments). Along with Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. It derives its name from the ...
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Ezekiel 36
Ezekiel 36 is the thirty-sixth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains two prophecies, one conveying "hope for the mountains of Israel" (verses 1–15) and one declaring that Israel's restoration is assured (verses 16–38). Biblical commentator Susan Galambush pairs the first of these with an oracle condemning Mount Seir in Edom in the previous chapter.Galambush, S., ''Ezekiel'' in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001)The Oxford Bible Commentary, pp. 556-7 Text The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 38 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th cent ...
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Isaiah 52
Isaiah 52 is the fifty-second Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christianity, Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the Biblical prophet, prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Nevi'im, Books of the Prophets. Chapters 40-55 are known as "Deutero-Isaiah" and date from the time of the Israelites' Babylonian captivity, exile in Babylon. This chapter includes from verse 13 the start of the fourth of the Servant songs, songs of the "Suffering Servant". Text The original text was written in Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew language. Chapters and verses of the Bible, This chapter is divided into 15 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew are found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., the Isaiah Scroll (1Qlsa; 356-100 BCE), and of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes Codex Cairensis (895 CE), Codex Babylonicus Petropolit ...
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Psalm 62
Psalm 62 is the 62nd psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my salvation". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and in the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 61. In Latin, it is known as "Nonne Deo subiecta erit anima mea". The psalm offers a warning not to let one's power erode one's trust in God. The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. Verse 12 is quoted in the New Testament. Text Hebrew Bible version The following is the Hebrew text of Psalm 62: King James Version # Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my salvation. # He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence; I shall not be greatly moved. # How long will ye imagine mischief agains ...
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Deuteronomy 10
Eikev, Ekev, Ekeb, Aikev, or Eqeb ( — Hebrew for "if ou follow" the second word, and the first distinctive word in the parashah) is the 46th weekly Torah portion (, ''parashah'') in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Deuteronomy. It comprises . The parashah tells of the blessings of obedience to God, the dangers of forgetting God, and directions for taking the Land of Israel. Moses recalls the making and re-making of the Tablets of Stone, the incident of the Golden Calf, Aaron's death, the Levites' duties, and exhortations to serve God. The parashah is made up of 6,865 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, 111 verses, and 232 lines in a Torah Scroll (, ''Sefer Torah''). Jews generally read it in August or on rare occasion in late July. Readings In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , '' aliyot''. In the (Hebrew Bible), Parashat Eikev has six "open portion" (, ''petuchah'') divisions (roughly equi ...
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Torah
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah (, ). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll ('' Sefer Torah''). If in bound book form, it is called ''Chumash'', and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (). At times, however, the word ''Torah'' can also be used as a synonym for the whole of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, in which sense it includes not only the first five, but all 24 books of the Hebrew Bible. Finally, Torah can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. The latter is often known as the Oral Torah. Representing the core of the Jewish spiri ...
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Jeremiah
Jeremiah, Modern:   , Tiberian: ; el, Ἰερεμίας, Ieremíās; meaning " Yah shall raise" (c. 650 – c. 570 BC), also called Jeremias or the "weeping prophet", was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition, Jeremiah authored the Book of Jeremiah, the Books of Kings and the Book of Lamentations, with the assistance and under the editorship of Baruch ben Neriah, his scribe and disciple. In addition to proclaiming many prophecies of Yahweh, the God of Israel, the Book of Jeremiah goes into detail regarding the prophet's private life, his experiences, and his imprisonment. Judaism and Christianity both consider the Book of Jeremiah part of their canon. Judaism regards Jeremiah as the second of the major prophets. Christianity holds him to be a prophet and his words are quoted in the New Testament. Islam also regards Jeremiah as a prophet and his narrative is recounted in Islamic tradition. Biblical narrative Chronology Je ...
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Sign Of Contradiction
A sign of contradiction, in Catholic theology, is someone who, upon manifesting holiness, is subject to extreme opposition. The term is from the biblical phrase "sign that is spoken against", found in Luke 2:34 and in Acts 28:22, which refer to Jesus Christ and the early Christians. Contradiction comes from the Latin , "against", and , "to speak". According to Catholic tradition, a sign of contradiction points to the presence of Christ or the presence of the divine due to the union of that person or reality with God. In his book, ''Sign of Contradiction'', Pope John Paul II says that "sign of contradiction" might be "a distinctive definition of Christ and of his Church." The cross and mortification as signs of contradiction Edith Stein, called the Patron of Europe by Pope John Paul II, once taught on the day of the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, September 14, 1939: Views on the cross creates a division: "The division between those whose first love is God, and tho ...
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Jewish Identity
Jewish identity is the objective or subjective state of Identity (social science), perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jews, Jewish. Under a broader definition, Jewish identity does not depend on whether a person is regarded as a Jew by others, or by an external set of religious, or legal, or sociological norms. Jewish identity does not need to imply religious orthodoxy. Accordingly, Jewish identity can be Cultural Judaism, cultural in nature. Jewish identity can involve ties to the Jewish community. Orthodox Judaism bases Jewishness on matrilineal descent. According to Jewish law (halacha), all those born of a Jewish mother are considered Jewish, regardless of personal beliefs or level of observance of Jewish law. World Union for Progressive Judaism, Progressive Judaism and Haymanot , Haymanot Judaism in general base Jewishness on having at least one Jewish parent, while Karaite Judaism bases Jewishness only on paternal lineage. These differences between the maj ...
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Circumcision
Circumcision is a surgical procedure, procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is wikt:excise, excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and stress (physiology), physiologic stress. It is usually elective surgery, elective, performed as preventive healthcare, a Religious law, religious rite, or Culture, cultural practice. It is also an option for cases of phimosis, other Pathology, pathologies that do not resolve with other treatments, and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). The procedure is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health. Circumcision is associated with reduced rates of sexually transmitted infections and urinary tract infections. This includes decreasing the incidence of Carcinogenesis, cancer-causing forms of ...
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New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is an English translation of the Bible. The complete NKJV Bible was published in 1982 by Thomas Nelson, now HarperCollins. The NKJV is described by Thomas Nelson as being "scrupulously faithful to the original, yet truly updated to enhance its clarity and readability." History The NKJV translation project was conceived by Arthur Farstad. It was inaugurated in 1975 with two meetings (Nashville and Chicago) of 130 biblical scholars, pastors, and theologians. The men who were invited prepared the guidelines for the NKJV. The aim of its translators was to update the vocabulary and grammar of the King James Version, while preserving the classic style and literary beauty of the original 1769 edition of the King James Version. The 130 translators believed in faithfulness to the original Greek, Aramaic, and Hebrew texts including the Dead Sea Scrolls. Also agreed upon for most New King James Bibles were easier event descriptions, a history of each b ...
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