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Rhinelepini
Rhinelepini is a tribe of fishes in the subfamily Hypostominae of the armored suckermouth catfish family Loricariidae. Taxonomy This tribe is a well diagnosed monophyletic group currently containing three genera: '' Pogonopoma'', '' Pseudorinelepis'', and '' Rhinelepis''. When the tribe was first described, ''Pogonopomoides'' was a valid genus, but it is now a synonym of ''Pogonopoma''. ''Pseudorinelepis'' is the most basal, and ''Rhinelepis'' and ''Pogonopoma'' are more derived sister groups. Appearance and anatomy Rhinelepini species are generally medium to large-sized Loricariids. Rhinelepini species are unique among Loricariidae for having a normal, circular iris as opposed to the bilobed, omega iris. These species end to have relatively thick armor plates on their bodies. In Iquitos, Peru, '' Pseudorinelepis genibarbis'' is known as ''carachama sin costilla'', which actually means "Loricariid without ribs"; this refers to the trait that it shares with other Rhinelepin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudorinelepis Genibarbis
''Pseudorinelepis genibarbis'' is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil, Peru and Ecuador where it is found in the Amazon basin. Taxonomy ''Pseudorinelepis'' is one of three genera contained in the tribe Rhinelepini, one of the tribes of Hypostominae. ''Canthopomus'' and ''Monistiancistrus'' are synonyms of the genus ''Pseudorinelepis''. Previously, ''Pseudorinelepis'' was a genus of four species, but now the other three species are synonymous with ''P. genibarbis''. Appearance and anatomy ''P. genibarbis'' reaches a length of SL. They are a large, bulky Loricariid. The armor plates along the side of the fish are thick, are keeled, and encase the whole body. The adipose fin is not present. Like other members of Rhinelepini, they do not have the omega iris that is typical in most species of Loricariids. In Iquitos, Peru, it is known as ''carachama sin costilla'', which actually means "Loricariid without ribs"; this refers to the trait that it shares with other Rhin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loricariidae
The Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as " plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', and are popular as aquarium fish. Common names Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth armoured catfishes, or armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since ''Plecostomus plecostomus'' (now called ''Hypostomus plecostomus'') was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby. Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as ''Farlowella'' catfish. In their native range, these fish are known as ''cascudos'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omega Iris
The Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as " plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', and are popular as aquarium fish. Common names Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth armoured catfishes, or armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since ''Plecostomus plecostomus'' (now called ''Hypostomus plecostomus'') was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby. Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as ''Farlowella'' catfish. In their native range, these fish are known as ''cascu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudorinelepis
''Pseudorinelepis genibarbis'' is a species of armored catfish native to Brazil, Peru and Ecuador where it is found in the Amazon basin. Taxonomy ''Pseudorinelepis'' is one of three genera contained in the tribe Rhinelepini, one of the tribes of Hypostominae. ''Canthopomus'' and ''Monistiancistrus'' are synonyms of the genus ''Pseudorinelepis''. Previously, ''Pseudorinelepis'' was a genus of four species, but now the other three species are synonymous with ''P. genibarbis''. Appearance and anatomy ''P. genibarbis'' reaches a length of SL. They are a large, bulky Loricariid. The armor plates along the side of the fish are thick, are keeled, and encase the whole body. The adipose fin is not present. Like other members of Rhinelepini, they do not have the omega iris that is typical in most species of Loricariids. In Iquitos, Peru, it is known as ''carachama sin costilla'', which actually means "Loricariid without ribs"; this refers to the trait that it shares with other Rhine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypostominae
The Hypostominae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Most members are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several species (in genera ''Ancistrus'', '' Chaetostoma'', ''Lasiancistrus'', '' Leptoancistrus'' and ''Hemiancistrus'') in southern Central America. ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', which is popular in the aquarium trade, has been introduced to several regions far from its native range. Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed, within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus ''Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number. Taxonomy *Ancistrini (sometimes considered a separate subfamily as Ancistrinae) ** '' Acanthicus'' ** ''Ancistrus'' ** ''Andeancistrus'' ** '' Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pogonopoma
''Pogonopoma'' is a genus of armored catfish native to rivers in south and southeast Brazil. Taxonomy ''Pogonopoma'' is one of three genera currently valid in the tribe Rhinelepini. ''Pogonopomoides'', previously a valid genus, was placed in synonymy with ''Pogonopoma''. This genus and '' Rhinelepis'' have a sister group relationship. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * '' Pogonopoma obscurum'' Quevedo & R. E. dos Reis, 2002 * '' Pogonopoma parahybae'' ( Steindachner, 1877) * '' Pogonopoma wertheimeri'' ( Steindachner, 1867) Appearance and anatomy As loricariids, ''Pogonopoma'' species all exhibit a suckermouth and an at least slightly flattened ventral surface. However, unlike many loricariids, they have circular pupils, which differs from most members of the family that have an omega iris. ''Pogonopoma'' species are heavily armored except on their abdomen (the belly in the case of loricariids), which is relatively unplated. ''P. werthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinelepis
''Rhinelepis'' is a genus of South American armored catfish. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Rhinelepis aspera'' Spix & Agassiz, 1829 * '' Rhinelepis strigosa'' Valenciennes, 1840 Appearance and anatomy ''Rhinelepis'' species are large and heavily plated, though the plates on the abdomen (belly) develop later than in ''Pseudorinelepis''. They are generally charcoal gray without any markings. The head is long and fat. The fins are short and the adipose fin is entirely absent. The gill opening is much larger than that of most loricariids. The cheeks lack elongate odontode Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structures found on the external surfaces of animals or near internal openings. They consist of a soft pulp surrounded by dentine and covered by a mineralized substance such as enamel, a structure similar to th ...s. References Hypostominae Fish of South America Catfish genera Taxa named by Louis Agassiz {{Loricariidae- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English; both ), non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about long in adults, that travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm, and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach. During swallowing, the epiglottis tilts backwards to prevent food from going down the larynx and lungs. The word ''oesophagus'' is from Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos), from οἴσω (oísō), future form of φέρω (phérō, “I carry”) + ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate”). The wall of the esophagus from the lumen outwards consists of mucosa, submucosa (connective tissue), layers of muscle fibers between layers of fibrous tissue, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The mucosa is a stratified squamous epithel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraná River
The Paraná River ( es, Río Paraná, links=no , pt, Rio Paraná, gn, Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some ."Parana River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 26 May. 2012 . "Rio de la Plata". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 26 May. 2012 Among South American rivers, it is second in length only to the Amazon River. It merges with the Paraguay River and then farther downstream with the Uruguay River to form the Río de la Plata and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The first European to go up the Paraná River was the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot, in 1526, while working for Spain. A drought hit the river in 2021, causing a 77-year low. Etymology In eastern South America there is "an immense number of river names containing the element ''para-'' or ''parana-''", f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Francisco River
The São Francisco River (, ) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). It used to be known as the by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as . The São Francisco originates in the Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over , before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it forms the boundary between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traverses or borders, its drainage basin also includes tributaries from the state of Goi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uruguay River
The Uruguay River ( es, Río Uruguay, ; pt, Rio Uruguai, ) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay. Course The river measures about in length and starts in the Serra do Mar in Brazil, where the Canoas River and the Pelotas River are joined, at about above mean sea level. In this stage the river goes through uneven, broken terrain, forming rapids and falls. Its course through Rio Grande do Sul is not navigable An unusual feature of the Uruguay River is a submerged canyon. This canyon fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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