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Reichswehrministerium
The Ministry of the Reichswehr or Reich Ministry of Defence (german: Reichswehrministerium) was the defence ministry of the Weimar Republic and the early Third Reich. The 1919 Weimar Constitution provided for a unified, national ministry of defence to coordinate the new ''Reichswehr'', and that ministry was set up in October 1919, from the existing Prussian War Ministry and ''Reichsmarineamt''. It was based in the Bendlerblock building. The ''Wehrgesetz'' (Defence Law) of 21 May 1935 RGBl I, S. 609 / FaksimilWehrgesetz/ref> renamed it the Reich Ministry of War (german: Reichskriegsministerium), which was then abolished in 1938 and replaced with the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht''. History Within the framework of the ''Gesetz über die Bildung einer vorläufigen Reichswehr'' ("Law on the formation of a provisional national defence force") of March 1919, the ''Reichspräsident'' was commander-in-chief of the armed forces, with the ''Reichswehrminister'' (Reich Minister of Defenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Stresemann Cabinet
The Second Stresemann cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Stresemann'') was the ninth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Gustav Stresemann and took office on 6 October 1923 when it replaced the First Stresemann cabinet which had resigned on 3 October. Stresemann's second cabinet resigned on 23 November 1923 and was replaced on 30 November by the first cabinet under chancellor Wilhelm Marx. Establishment The first Stresemann cabinet resigned late on 3 October 1923 due to disagreement between the political parties over the extent to which the planned ''Ermächtigungsgesetz'' should give the government power to change the length of the working day by decree. However, the ''Große Koalition'' (grand coalition) of DVP, Social Democrats (SPD), Zentrum and German Democratic Party (DDP) was not replaced by a new constel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Stresemann Cabinet
The First Stresemann cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Stresemann'') was the eighth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Gustav Stresemann and took office on 13 August 1923 when it replaced the Cuno cabinet under Wilhelm Cuno. The cabinet resigned late on 3 October 1923 and was replaced on 6 October by another cabinet formed by Stresemann. Establishment The resignation of the Cuno cabinet was officially transmitted to ''Reichspräsident'' Friedrich Ebert late on 12 August 1923. At roughly the same time, Ebert asked the chairman of the DVP, Gustav Stresemann, to form a new government. On the evening of 13 August, Ebert appointed Stresemann Chancellor. At that point, the list of ministers for the new cabinet was mostly completed. This was the fastest formation of a government between the time when the Weimar Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuno Cabinet
The Cuno cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Cuno'') was the seventh democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Wilhelm Cuno and took office on 22 November 1922 when it replaced the Second Wirth cabinet under Joseph Wirth. The Cuno cabinet was forced to resign on 12 August 1923 and was replaced the next day by the First Stresemann cabinet, first cabinet of Gustav Stresemann. Establishment Joseph Wirth's second cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922. The president, Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert asked Wilhelm Cuno on 16 November to form a new government. Cuno tried to put together a broad coalition of parties stretching from the newly re-unified Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) to the German People's Party (DVP). However, a majority of the SPD's Reichstag delegation opposed Ebert and refused to agree to a coalition includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Wirth Cabinet
The Second Wirth cabinet (German: ''Zweites Kabinett Wirth'') was the sixth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic. The cabinet was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Joseph Wirth and took office on 26 October 1921 when it replaced the First Wirth cabinet. The cabinet was based on a coalition of Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Catholic Centre Party (Germany), Zentrum. The German Democratic Party, DDP supported it and its ''Reichswehrminister'' Otto Gessler remained in office, to be later joined by industrialist Walther Rathenau. The Second Wirth cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922 and was replaced on 22 November by the Cuno cabinet. Establishment Wirth's first government resigned on 22 October 1921 in protest over the Upper Silesia plebiscite, partitioning of Upper Silesia decided on by the League of Nations which gave rise to what became known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Wirth Cabinet
The First Wirth cabinet (German: ''Erstes Kabinett Wirth'') was the fifth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Joseph Wirth and took office on 10 May 1921 when it replaced the Fehrenbach cabinet. The cabinet was once again based on the "Weimar Coalition" of Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Catholic Zentrum and the German Democratic Party (DDP). Fehrenbach's cabinet had been based on the Zentrum, DDP and the German People's Party (DVP). The First Wirth cabinet resigned on 22 October 1921 in protest over the handling of the Upper Silesia plebiscite by the League of Nations. It was replaced on 26 October by another cabinet led by Wirth. Establishment and ''Londoner Ultimatum'' Wirth had been Finance Minister under chancellor Fehrenbach, whose cabinet had resigned on the evening of 4 May 1921 over its inability to agree on a new proposal to present to the Allies on the question of war r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fehrenbach Cabinet
The Fehrenbach cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Fehrenbach'') was the fourth democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It was named after ''Reichskanzler'' (chancellor) Constantin Fehrenbach and took office on 25 June 1920 when it replaced the First Müller cabinet. The cabinet was formed after the June elections to the new Reichstag which replaced the Weimar National Assembly. It was the first government since the German Empire ended in 1918 which did not include the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The SPD remained the strongest party after the elections, but its share of the vote dropped significantly. The government was formed by the Catholic Zentrum, the German Democratic Party (DDP) and the German People's Party (DVP). Fehrenbach resigned in May 1921 after the DVP withdrew its support in protest over the government's agreement to fixing Germany's reparation payments to the Allies. The cabinet was followed by the first government of Joseph W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Müller Cabinet
The First Cabinet Müller (German: ''Kabinett Müller I'' or ''das erste Kabinett Müller'') was the third democratically elected government of Germany and the second in office after the Weimar Constitution came into force in August 1919. It was named after the new Chancellor (''Reichskanzler'') Hermann Müller (politician), Hermann Müller of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The cabinet was based on the same three centre-left parties as the previous one: the SPD, the German Center Party (''Zentrum'') and the German Democratic Party (DDP). It was formed in March 1920 after the resignation of the Cabinet Bauer. The Cabinet Müller resigned in reaction to the outcome of the 1920 German federal election, Reichstag elections of 6 June 1920. Election and establishment In late March 1920, when ''Reichspräsident'' (president) Friedrich Ebert (SPD) asked Hermann Müller (SPD) to form a new government, the parliament of Germany was still the Weimar National Assembly which serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberkommando Des Heeres
The (; abbreviated OKH) was the Command (military formation), high command of the German Army (1935–1945), Army of Nazi Germany. It was founded in 1935 as part of Adolf Hitler's German rearmament, rearmament of Germany. OKH was ''de facto'' the most important unit within the German war planning until the Battle of Moscow, defeat at Moscow in December 1941. During World War II, OKH had the responsibility of strategic planning of Field army, Armies and Army Groups. The General Staff of the OKH managed operational matters. Each German Army also had an Army High Command ( or AOK). The Armed Forces High Command () then took over this function for theatres other than the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern front. The OKH commander held the title of Commander-in-chief of the Army (). After the Battle of Moscow, the OKH commander Field marshal Walther von Brauchitsch was removed from office, and Hitler appointed himself as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. From 1938, OKH was, togeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Gessler
Otto Karl Gessler (or Geßler) (6 February 1875 – 24 March 1955) was a liberal German politician during the Weimar Republic. From 1910 until 1914, he was mayor of Regensburg and from 1913 to 1919 mayor of Nuremberg. He served in numerous Weimar cabinets, most notably as ''Reichswehrminister'' (Minister of Defence) from 1920 to 1928. Early life Otto Karl Gessler was born on 6 February 1875 in Ludwigsburg in the Kingdom of Württemberg as the son of the non-commissioned officer Otto Gessler and his wife Karoline (née Späth). He finished school in 1894 with the Abitur at the ''Humanistisches Gymnasium'' in Dillingen an der Donau. He studied law in Erlangen, Tübingen and Leipzig and received his doctorate there in 1900. Initially, he worked for the judicial service of Leipzig. He then moved to Bavaria and served in various positions in the Bavarian justiciary (1903 clerk in the Bavarian Ministry of Justice, 1904 prosecutor in Straubing, 1905 ''Gewerberichter'' in Munich) bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauer Cabinet
The Bauer cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Bauer'') was the second democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It was named after ''Reichsministerpräsident'' (head of government) Gustav Bauer and took office on 21 June 1919 when it replaced the Scheidemann cabinet. Although the Weimar Constitution was not in force yet, it is generally counted as the second government of the Weimar Republic. It was initially based on a coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Zentrum. The German Democratic Party (DDP) had refused to support signing the Treaty of Versailles, over which the Scheidemann Cabinet had resigned on 20 June 1919. The DDP rejoined the Bauer cabinet on 3 October 1919, thus restoring the original Weimar Coalition of centre-left parties. The Bauer cabinet resigned on 27 March 1920 as a result of the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch and was followed by the government of Hermann Müller. Election and establishment The government of Gus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scheidemann Cabinet
The Scheidemann cabinet (German: ''Kabinett Scheidemann'') was the first democratically elected ''Reichsregierung'' of the German Reich. It took office on 13 February 1919. Although the Weimar Constitution was not in force yet, it is generally counted as the first government of the Weimar Republic. It was based on the Weimar Coalition of centre-left parties. ''Ministerpräsident'' Philipp Scheidemann resigned in protest against the Treaty of Versailles on 20 June 1919. His cabinet was followed by the government of Gustav Bauer. Election and establishment Following the collapse of the German Empire and the German Revolution of 1918-19, on 19 January 1919 the Germans had voted in elections for the '' Nationalversammlung''. At the time, the country was governed by the Council of the People's Deputies (''Rat der Volksbeauftragten''), a revolutionary government made up of members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), which had also been the largest party in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Noske
Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 – 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (''Reichswehrminister'') of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske has been a controversial figure because although he was a member of the socialist movement, he used army and paramilitary forces to bloodily suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919. Early life Noske was born on 9 July 1868 in Brandenburg an der Havel, Prussia. He was the son of the weaver Karl Noske (born 1838) and the manual labourer Emma Noske (née Herwig, born 1843). From 1874 to 1882 he went to primary and secondary school (''Volks-'' and ''Bürgerschule''). In 1882 to 1886 he was apprenticed as a basket maker at the ''Reichsteinische Kinderwagenfabrik'' and travelled to Halle, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and Liegnitz as a journeyman. In 1884, Noske joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and he also became a union member. In 1892, Noske was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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