Reformed Political League
The Reformed Political LeagueTranslation used by Andeweg and Irwin in ''Governance and Politics of the Netherlands'' (2002: 45) ( nl, Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond, GPV) was an orthodox Protestant political party in the Netherlands. The GPV is one of the predecessors of the Christian Union. The party was a testimonial party. History 1948–1963 The GPV was founded in 1948 as the result of a theological conflict within the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, which led to the creation of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated). In 1944 a group of orthodox Protestants left the Reformed Church, because they disagreed with Abraham Kuyper's view that God had created multiple branches of Christianity (Catholicism, Protestantism etc.), each with their own sphere. In 1948 adherents of the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (Liberated) left the Anti-Revolutionary Party, the party linked to the Reformed Church in the Netherlands. On 1 April 1948 they founded the GPV during ...
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Christian Union (Netherlands)
The Christian Union ( nl, ChristenUnie, CU) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CU is a centrist party, maintaining more progressive stances on economic, immigration and environmental issues while holding more socially conservative positions on issues such as abortion and euthanasia. The party describes itself as "social Christian".ChristenUnie
''Parlement & Politiek'' Founded in 2000 as a merger of the (GPV) and (RP ...
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Abraham Kuyper
Abraham Kuyper (; ; 29 October 1837 – 8 November 1920) was the Prime Minister of the Netherlands between 1901 and 1905, an influential neo-Calvinist theologian and a journalist. He established the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, which upon its foundation became the second largest Calvinist denomination in the country behind the state-supported Dutch Reformed Church. In addition, he founded the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Anti-Revolutionary Party, and a newspaper. In religious affairs, he sought to adapt the Dutch Reformed Church to challenges posed by the loss of state financial aid and by increasing religious pluralism in the wake of splits that the church had undergone in the 19th century, rising Dutch nationalism, and the Arminian religious revivals of his day which denied predestination. He vigorously denounced modernism in theology as a fad that would pass away. In politics, he dominated the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) from its founding in 1879 to his death ...
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1971 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 28 April 1971. The Labour Party (PvdA) emerged as the largest party, winning 39 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives. The elections were the first without compulsory voting, causing a sharp fall in voter turnout, down to 79.1% from 94.9% in the 1967 elections.Nohlen & Stöver, p1397 Barend Biesheuvel of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) became Prime Minister, leading the first Biesheuvel cabinet. His cabinet contained a broad coalition of parties, with ministers from ARP, Christian Historical Union (both Protestant), the Catholic People's Party, the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and moderate socialist Democratic Socialists '70 (DS'70), which had just split off from the PvdA. However, Biesheuvel's government was short-lived; following a decision to cut government spending, DS'70 withdrew from the government, causing it to lose its majority and fresh elections to be held after just a y ...
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Reformatory Political Federation
The Reformatory Political Federation ( nl, Reformatorische Politieke Federatie; RPF) was a minor Protestant Christian political party in the Netherlands. History The RPF was founded in 1975 by three groups of orthodox Christians. The first group were members of the Protestant-Christian Anti-Revolutionary Party, secondly the National Evangelical Union, a small party which had earlier left the ARP, and several independent electoral committees. The founders opposed the formation of the Christian Democratic Appeal, because the Protestant ARP and Christian Historical Union would join the Catholic People's Party. During the period of pillarisation, the Catholics and Protestants had lived in a form of cold war. The RPF sought to unite all other orthodox Protestant Christian parties, namely the Reformed Political League (GPV) and the Reformed Political Party (SGP). In the subsequent 1977 elections the RPF was unable to win any seats. In 1981 it won two seats in House of Representatives ...
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Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party ( nl, Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the Roman Catholic State Party, which was a continuation of the General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses. During its entire existence, the party was in government. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980. History 1945–1965 The KVP was founded on 22 December 1945. It was a continuation of the pre-war Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP). Unlike the RKSP, the KVP was open to people of all denominations, but mainly Catholics supported the party. The party adopted a more progressive course and a more modern image than its predecessor. In the elections o ...
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1967 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 15 February 1967.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 The Catholic People's Party (KVP) remained the largest party, winning 42 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.Nohlen & Stöver, p1414 The elections led to a four-party coalition government being formed, consisting of the KVP, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union. Results References {{Dutch general elections General elections in the Netherlands 1967 elections in the Netherlands Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

Theology
Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and, in particular, to reveal themselves to humankind. While theology has turned into a secular field , religious adherents still consider theology to be a discipline that helps them live and understand concepts such as life and love and that helps them lead lives of obedience to the deities they follow or worship. Theologians use various forms of analysis and argument ( experiential, philosophical, ethnographic, historical, and others) to help understa ...
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Lijsttrekker
In politics, a lead candidate (; , ) is the leader of a political party in an election to a legislative body. In parliamentary systems, it is often the party's nominee for the position of head of government. In open list electoral systems, it is the first candidate on a party's electoral list. The lead candidate can be, but is not necessarily, the party chair or political leader. Usage by country Netherlands In the Netherlands, which uses a system of open-list proportional representation, the lead candidates (''lijsttrekkers'') in elections for the House of Representatives are almost always the parties' political leaders. When elected, the lead candidate usually becomes the party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. When a coalition is formed, the lead candidates of the governing parties may be offered senior positions in the Cabinet, requiring them to vacate their seats in parliament. Traditionally, the lead candidate of the largest party in the governin ...
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1963 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 15 May 1963. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 The Catholic People's Party (KVP) remained the largest party, winning 50 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.Nohlen & Stöver, p1413 The elections led to a four-party coalition government initially consisting of the KVP, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and Christian Historical Union. In 1965 this coalition was replaced by one consisting of the KVP, Labour Party and ARP. Results References {{Dutch general elections General elections in the Netherlands 1963 elections in the Netherlands Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

1959 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 March 1959.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 The Catholic People's Party emerged as the largest party, winning 49 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.Nohlen & Stöver, p1413 Results References {{Dutch general elections General elections in the Netherlands 1959 elections in the Netherlands Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

1956 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1956.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 For the first time, the Labour Party (PvdA) emerged as the largest party, winning 50 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.Nohlen & Stöver, p1413 The elections led to the continuation of the four-party coalition government, consisting of the PvdA, Catholic People's Party, Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union. Electoral system Prior to the elections the number of seats in the House of Representatives was raised from 100 to 150.Nohlen & Stöver, p1385 This meant that the electoral threshold was reduced from 1% to 0.67%. Results References {{Dutch general elections 1956 1956 elections in the Netherlands Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_t ...
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1952 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 25 June 1952.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 The Catholic People's Party and the Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party both won 30 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, House of Representatives. It was the first time since 1913 Dutch general election, 1913 that the Catholic People's Party and its predecessors had not received a plurality of the vote.Nohlen & Stöver, pp1402-1406 The elections led to a continuation of the previous four-party government, consisting of Labour, the Catholic People's Party, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Christian Historical Union. However, three months after the elections the VVD left the government and were replaced by the Anti-Revolutionary Party. Results References

{{Dutch general elections General elections in the Netherlands 1952 elections in the Netherlands 1952 elections in Europ ...
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