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Referential Bid
A referential bid is a bid or tender for the purchase or supply of goods or services whose value is stated by reference to the bids or tenders received from competitors (if any), e.g. "such a sum as will exceed by £200 the amount ... offered ... by any other proposing purchaser". Case law in various jurisdictions (see below) has generally ruled that referential bids frustrate the purpose of sealed competitive bidding and are therefore unfair.Justia US LawSSI Investors Ltd. v. Korea Tungsten Mining Co. Ltd. accessed 21 December 2018 Case law *South Hetton Coal Co v Haswell Shotton and Easington Coal and Coke Co., 8981 Ch 465 (England and Wales) *SSI Investors Ltd. v. Korea Tungsten Mining Co. Ltd., 982449 NYS 2d173 (New York Court of Appeals) *Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust of Canada (CI) Ltd., [1986] AC 207, [1985] UKHL 16, [1986] 1 AC 207 (England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidding
Bidding is an offer (often competitive) to set a price tag by an individual or business for a product or service ''or'' a demand that something be done. Bidding is used to determine the cost or value of something. Bidding can be performed by a person under influence of a product or service based on the context of the situation. In the context of auctions, stock exchange, or real estate, the price offer a business or individual is willing to pay is called a bid. In the context of corporate or government procurement initiatives, in Business and Law school students actively bid for high demand elective courses that have a maximum seat capacity though a course bidding process using pre allocated bidding points or e-bidding currency on course bidding systems. The price offer a business or individual is willing to sell is also called a bid. The term "bidding" is also used when placing a bet in card games. Bidding is used by various economic niches for determining the demand and hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Case Law
Case law, also used interchangeably with common law, is law that is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations. Case law uses the detailed facts of a legal case that have been resolved by courts or similar tribunals. These past decisions are called "case law", or precedent. ''Stare decisis''—a Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand"—is the principle by which judges are bound to such past decisions, drawing on established judicial authority to formulate their positions. These judicial interpretations are distinguished from statutory law, which are codes enacted by legislative bodies, and regulatory law, which are established by executive agencies based on statutes. In some jurisdictions, case law can be applied to ongoing adjudication; for example, criminal proceedings or family law. In common law countries (including the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of England And Wales
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. Principal elements of English law Although the common law has, historically, been the foundation and prime source of English law, the most authoritative law is statutory legislation, which comprises Acts of Parliament, regulations and by-laws. In the absence of any statutory law, the common law with its principle of '' stare decisis'' forms the residual source of law, based on judicial decisions, custom, and usage. Common law is made by sitting judges who apply both statutory law and established principles which are derived from the reasoning from earlier decisions. Equity is the other historic source of judge-made law. Common law can be amended or repealed by Parliament. Not being a civil law system, it has no comprehensive codification. However, most of its criminal law has been codified from its common law ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Court Of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals consists of seven judges: the Chief Judge and six Associate Judges who are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the State Senate to 14-year terms. The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the Chief Judge of the State of New York. Its 1842 Neoclassical courthouse is located in New York's capital, Albany. Nomenclature In the Federal court system, and most U.S. states, the court of last resort is known as the "Supreme Court". New York, however, calls its trial and intermediate appellate courts the "Supreme Court", and the court of last resort the Court of Appeals. This sometimes leads to confusion regarding the roles of the respective courts. Further adding to the misunderstanding is New York's terminology for jurists on its top two courts. Those who sit on its supreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvela Investments Ltd V Royal Trust Of Canada (CI) Ltd
''Harvela Investments Ltd. v Royal Trust of Canada (CI) Ltd.'' 9861 AC 207 UK House of Lords, 11 July 1985, accessed 8 November 2020 is a legal case decided by the in 1986 defining the regarding referential bids in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raidió Teilifís Éireann
Raidi (; ; also written Ragdi; born August, 1938) is a Tibetan politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2003 to 2008, and the highest ranking Tibetan in China. Biography He is a native of Biru County, Tibet Autonomous Region. He is a graduate of the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party, and joined the Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ... in October 1961. Tibetan Review wrote on September 3, 2019, that "China has included Re Di (also written as Raidi or Redi, but pronounced as Ragdi), one of top Tibetan collaborators with its occupation rule in Tibet, in a list of 36 nominees for its highest state honor which was announced on Aug 27. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Ireland
The High Court ( ga, An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies. Structure The High Court is established by Article 34 of the Constitution of Ireland, which grants the court "full original jurisdiction in and power to determine all matters and questions whether of law or fact, civil or criminal", as well as the ability to determine "the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution". Judges are appointed by the President. However, as with almost all the President's constitutional powers, these appointments are made on "the advice of the Governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
