Ranzhir
Ranzhir (russian: Ранжир, GRAU designation 9S737 (russian: 9С737); en, ranking) is a Soviet/Russian mobile command center for several types of Russian anti-aircraft weapons, such as Tor, Tunguska, Strela-10, Igla and Osa. It is used for a mixed grouping of air defense forces. Development 9S737 vehicle was designed by Belarusian scientific and research institute of automatization technologies (NIISA), currently "AGAT–Control Systems". A. V. Shershnev was appointed chief designer of 9S737 vehicle. State trials of the system were held from August 1987 till June 1988 at Embi testing range (nowadays at Kazakhstan). In 1989 it was approved for military. Mass production was started at Minsk NPO Agat, but later transferred to Radiozavod (Penza) Modifications * 9S737М Ranzhir-M (russian: Ранжир-М) See also * PPRU-1 PPRU-1 "Ovod-M-SV" (russian: ППРУ-1 «Овод-М-СВ», GRAU designation - 9S80, NATO reporting name - Dog Ear, en, Ovod) is a Soviet/ ...
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Tor Missile System
The Tor (russian: Тор; en, torus) is an all-weather, low- to medium-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for destroying airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (anti-munitions). Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K330 Tor, the system is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-15 "Gauntlet". A navalized variant was developed under the name 3K95 "Kinzhal", also known as the SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor was designed to shoot down guided weapons like the AGM-86 ALCM and BGM-34 day and night, in bad weather and jamming situations. Tor can detect targets while on the move. The vehicle must stop intermittently when firing, although trials have been conducted with the aim of eliminating this restriction. Development The development of the Tor missile system started on 4 February 1975, in response to the directives of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Initiated ...
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GRAU
The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Russian Armed Forces, a vice-minister of defense. The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Главное артиллерийское управление (ГАУ – GAU). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title in 1960. In particular, the GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army munitions and equipment. Arsenals of the GRAU, according to Kommersant-Vlast in 2005, include the 60th at Kaluga, the 55th at Rzhev, the 75th at Serpukhov south of Moscow, (all three in the Moscow Military District) and the 80th at Gagarskiy, the 116th at Krasno-Oktyabrskiy and the 5th, all in the Volga–Urals Military District.Kommersant-Vlast, Vys Rossik ...
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9K22 Tunguska
The 2K22 Tunguska (russian: 2К22 "Тунгуска") is a Soviet and now Russian tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon armed with a surface-to-air gun and missile system. It is designed to provide day and night protection for infantry and tank regiments against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and cruise missiles in all weather conditions. The NATO reporting name for the missile used by the weapon system is SA-19 "Grison". Development Development of the 2K22 anti-aircraft system began on 8 June 1970. At the request of the Soviet Ministry of Defense, the KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, under the guidance of the appointed Chief Designer A. G. Shipunov, started work on a 30mm anti-aircraft system as a replacement for the 23mm ZSU-23-4. The project, code-named " Tunguska", was undertaken to improve on the observed shortcomings of the ZSU-23-4 (short range and no early warning) and a counter to new ground attack aircraft in development, such as the A-10 Thunderbolt II ...
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9K35 Strela-10
The 9K35 ''Strela-10'' (russian: 9К35 «Стрела-10»; en, arrow) is a Soviet highly mobile, short-range surface-to-air missile system. It is visually aimed, and utilizes optical/ infrared-guidance. The system is primarily intended to engage low-altitude threats, such as helicopters. "9K35" is its GRAU designation; its NATO reporting name is SA-13 "Gopher". Development The 9K35 is the successor of the 9K31 Strela-1 and can also use the Strela-1's missiles in place of the 9M37. Development of the 9K37 Strela-10SV system was initiated July 24, 1969. The decision to begin the development of a new non-all-weather system was taken despite the simultaneous development of an all-weather hybrid gun/missile system 9K22 "Tunguska" mainly as an economical measure. It was also seen as advantageous to have a system capable of fast reaction times and immunity to heavy radio-frequency jamming. Rather than being mounted on an amphibious but lightly armoured BRDM chassis like the 9K31, the ...
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PPRU-1
PPRU-1 "Ovod-M-SV" (russian: ППРУ-1 «Овод-М-СВ», GRAU designation - 9S80, NATO reporting name - Dog Ear, en, Ovod) is a Soviet/Russian mobile reconnaissance and command center for tactical air defence systems. Description PPRU-M1 and PPRU-M1-2 could link up to 3 air defense missile or artillery batteries. It integrates under unified command and control up to 4 vehicles of Tor-M1 (Tor-M2E) or Osa-AKM missile systems, up to 6 vehicles of Tunguska-М1, Strela-10M2 (Strela-10M3) or ZSU-23-4M4 or ZSU-23-4M5, up to 6 guns of ZU-23/-30M1-4, up to 6 sections of Igla and Strela MANPADs and 1 battery of 57-mm S-60 (6–8 anti-aircraft guns). Modifications * 9S80-1 Sborka (PPRU-1M) * 9S80M Sborka-M * 9S80M1 Sborka-M1 (PPRU-M1) * 9S80M1-2 Sborka-M1-2 (PPRU-M1-2) See also * Ranzhir External links PPRU-M1 (PPRU-M1-2)at Almaz-Antey JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (russian: link=no, ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned ...
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MAKS Airshow 2013 (Ramenskoye Airport, Russia) (521-41)
MAKS or Maks may refer to: People *Maksim (Maks), a Slavic given name * Kees Maks (1876-1967) Dutch painter Places *Maks, a settlement in northern Poland Other uses *MAKS Air Show, an international airshow held near Moscow, Russia *MAKS (spacecraft), a canceled Russian air-launched orbiter project See also * * * * Macks Creek, Missouri, USA; * MAK (other) * Mak (other) * Max (other) * Macx (other) * Macs (other) Macs or MACS may refer to: *a Mac computer, a nickname for the Macintosh brand *macs (short story), "macs" (short story), by Terry Bisson *Magellanic Catalogue of Stars, a catalogue of positions for stars covering large areas around the Large and S ...

Penza
Penza ( rus, Пе́нза, p=ˈpʲɛnzə) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 38th-largest city in Russia. Etymology The city name is a hydronym and means in mdf, Пенза, Penza, end of swampy river () from ''pen'' 'end of (Genetive)' and ''sa(ra)'' 'swampy river' Geography Urban layout This central quarter occupies the territory on which the wooden fortress Penza was once located, therefore it is sometimes called the Serf. The architectural concept of the old fortress, erected on the eastern slope of the mountain above the river, predetermined the direction of the first streets. The direction and location of the first streets were set by the passage towers of the fortress and the orientation of its walls. This is how the first six streets of the city were formed. Subsequently, the names were fixed to them: Govern ...
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Self-propelled Anti-aircraft Weapons Of Russia
Self-propelled may refer to * Human-powered transport, humans moving themselves (and their cargo) via their own muscle energy * Machines that power their own movement: ** Automobile (from ''auto-'' + ''mobile'', "self-moving") ** Locomotive (from ''loco-'' + ''motive'', "moving from its current place") ** Multiple units, self-propelled train carriages ** Self-propelled artillery *** Self-propelled gun *** Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon *** Tank destroyer, a self-propelled anti-tank gun *** Mortar carrier, a self-propelled mortar ** Self-propelled modular transporter ** Leonardo's self-propelled cart ** Self-propelled barge T-36 * Self-propelled particles Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent motion. Natural systems which have insp ...

Self-propelled Anti-aircraft Weapons Of The Soviet Union
Self-propelled may refer to * Human-powered transport, humans moving themselves (and their cargo) via their own muscle energy * Machines that power their own movement: ** Automobile (from ''auto-'' + ''mobile'', "self-moving") ** Locomotive (from ''loco-'' + ''motive'', "moving from its current place") ** Multiple units, self-propelled train carriages ** Self-propelled artillery *** Self-propelled gun *** Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon *** Tank destroyer, a self-propelled anti-tank gun *** Mortar carrier, a self-propelled mortar ** Self-propelled modular transporter ** Leonardo's self-propelled cart ** Self-propelled barge T-36 * Self-propelled particles Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent motion. Natural systems which have insp ...

Self-propelled Anti-aircraft Weapons
Self-propelled may refer to * Human-powered transport, humans moving themselves (and their cargo) via their own muscle energy * Machines that power their own movement: ** Automobile (from ''auto-'' + ''mobile'', "self-moving") ** Locomotive (from ''loco-'' + ''motive'', "moving from its current place") ** Multiple units, self-propelled train carriages ** Self-propelled artillery *** Self-propelled gun *** Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon *** Tank destroyer, a self-propelled anti-tank gun *** Mortar carrier, a self-propelled mortar ** Self-propelled modular transporter ** Leonardo's self-propelled cart ** Self-propelled barge T-36 * Self-propelled particles Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, are terms used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent motion. Natural systems which have insp ...

Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Astana, known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, was the country's capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, the largest and northernmost Muslim-majority country by land area, and the ninth-largest country in the world. It has a population of 19 million people, and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per square mile). The country dominates Central Asia economically and politically, generating 60 percent of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry; it also has vast mineral ...
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