The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the

Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (, ), commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of Russia. In terms of active-duty personnel, they are the world's fifth-largest military force, with at least two m ...

, a vice-minister of defense. The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Главное артиллерийское управление (ГАУ – GAU). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title in 1960. In particular, the GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army

munition Ammunition (informally ammo) is the material fired, scattered, dropped, or detonated from any weapon or weapon system. Ammunition is both expendable weapons (e.g., bombs, missiles, grenades, land mines) and the component parts of other weapo ...

s and equipment. Arsenals of the GRAU, according to

Kommersant ''Kommersant'' (russian: Коммерсантъ, , ''The Businessman'' or Commerce Man, often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. The TNS Media and NRS Russi ...

-Vlast in 2005, include the 60th at Kaluga, the 55th at

Rzhev Rzhev ( rus, Ржев, p=ˈrʐɛf) is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located southwest of Staritsa and from Tver, on the highway and railway connecting Moscow and Riga. It is the uppermost town situated on the Volga River. Population: His ...

, the 75th at Serpukhov south of Moscow, (all three in the

Moscow Military District The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The district was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1968. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military ...

) and the 80th at Gagarskiy, the 116th at Krasno-Oktyabrskiy and the 5th, all in the Volga–Urals Military District.Kommersant-Vlast, Vys Rossikaya Armiya, 2005 As of December 2021, the Chief of the GRAU is

Major General Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...

Nikolay Romanovsky.

Current GRAU indices

GRAU indices are of the form '' '', sometimes with a further suffix '' ''. They may be followed by a specially assigned codename. For example "2 S 19 ''Msta-S''", the

2S19 Msta The 2S19 Msta (russian: Мста, after the Msta River) is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by the Soviet Union, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya. The vehicle has the running gear of the T-80, b ...

self-propelled howitzer, has the index ''2S19'', without suffix; ''Msta-S'' is the codename.

Misconceptions

Several common misconceptions surround the scope and originating body of these indices. The GRAU designation is not an industrial designation, nor is it assigned by the design bureau. In addition to its GRAU designation, a given piece of equipment could have a design name, an industrial name and a service designation. For example, one of the

surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...

s in the S-25 Berkut air defense system had at least four domestic designations: * design name: La-205 * GRAU index: 5V7 * industry name: Article 205 () * Soviet military designation: V-300 Some Soviet

general-purpose bomb A general-purpose bomb is an air-dropped bomb intended as a compromise between blast damage, penetration, and fragmentation in explosive effect. They are designed to be effective against enemy troops, vehicles, and buildings. Characteristics ...

s bore a designation that looked confusingly similar to GRAU.For example, the FAB-250sch entered service in 1944 with the designation ''7-F-334'', which was not assigned by GRAU.

Designation scheme

The first part of a GRAU index is a number indicating which of the several main categories of equipment a given item belongs to. The second part, a Cyrillic character, indicates the subcategory. The third part, a number, indicates the specific model. The optional suffix can be used to differentiate variants of the same model.

1 (Radio and electronics equipment)

* 1K: '' Buran'' (the first ''Buran''-class orbiter; see also " #11 (Rocketry and associated equipment)") * 1L: 1L14, the

IFF In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, "if and only if" (shortened as "iff") is a biconditional logical connective between statements, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is bicondi ...

detector for the 9K310 ( Igla)

air defense Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based ...

system * 1S:

Radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...

(1S11, target detecting

radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...

of 1S91 command and control

vehicle A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles ( motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles ( trains, trams ...

of 2K12 Kub

system) * 1V: Artillery command vehicles (1V18/19 on

BTR-60 The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APCs). It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen in public for the first time in 1961. BTR stands for ''Bron ...

chassis, 1V13/16 on

MT-LBu The MT-LBu is a Soviet multi-purpose fully amphibious armoured carrier which was developed under the factory index Ob'yekt 10 in the late 1960s, based on the MT-LB. It has a more powerful engine, a 40 cm higher hull and a longer chassis wi ...

chassis) * 1P: Firearms optic (1P87 optic on AK-12, 1P70 optic on SVDK). 1PN designates the firearms optic as a

night vision device A night-vision device (NVD), also known as a night optical/observation device (NOD), night-vision goggle (NVG), is an optoelectronic device that allows visualization of images in low levels of light, improving the user's night vision. The de ...

, e.g.

1PN51 1PN51 ( rus, 1ПН51) is the GRAU index for a Soviet designed passive night scope for a range of Soviet designed small arms and grenade launchers. ''1PN'' is the GRAU index of night vision devices, where PN stands for ''Nochnoy Pritsel'' ( rus, Н� ...

2 (Artillery systems)

* 2A: Towed artillery systems ( 2A65 Msta-B) * 2B: Mortar Systems (

2B9 Vasilek The 2B9 Vasilek (''2Б9 "Василёк" - Cornflower'') is an automatic 82 mm gun-mortar developed in the Soviet Union in 1967 and fielded with the Soviet Army in 1970. It was based on the F-82 automatic mortar. Unlike conventional mortars, t ...

2B14 Podnos The 2B14 Podnos (''2Б14 "Поднос"- Platter'') is a Soviet 82 mm mortar. The 2B14 was designed in early 1980s as a light indirect fire weapon for the use of airborne Airborne or Airborn may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media ...

) * 2K: Air Defence Systems (2K11, Krug surface-to-air missile system; 2К12, Kub surface-to-air missile system, 2K22, Tunguska surface-to-air gun-missile system) * 2S:

Self-propelled Self-propelled may refer to * Human-powered transport, humans moving themselves (and their cargo) via their own muscle energy * Machines that power their own movement: ** Automobile (from ''auto-'' + ''mobile'', "self-moving") ** Locomotive (from ...

artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieg ...

systems (

2S1 Gvozdika The 2S1 ''Gvozdika'' (russian: link=no, 2С1 «Гвоздика», " Carnation") is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer based on the MT-LBu multi-purpose chassis, mounting a 122 mm 2A18 howitzer. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. An alternative ...

, 2S19 Msta-S) * 2U: Training equipment

3 (Army and naval missiles)

* 3M: Various missiles ( 3M80 Moskit, 3M45 Granit)

4 (Naval missiles and army equipment (munitions, reactive armour, etc.))

* 4G:

Warhead A warhead is the forward section of a device that contains the explosive agent or toxic (biological, chemical, or nuclear) material that is delivered by a missile, rocket, torpedo, or bomb. Classification Types of warheads include: *Explos ...

s (4G15, the

high explosive An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. An e ...

HEAT In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not ''contain'' heat. Nevertheless, the term is ...

warhead for the

P-15 Termit The P-15 ''Termit'' (russian: П-15 "Термит"; en, termite) is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s. Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was ''Styx'' or SS-N-2. China ...

anti-ship missile An anti-ship missile (AShM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good ...

) * 4K: Naval missiles (4K10, the submarine-launched ballistic missile R-27 (RSM-25) for D-5 "Zyb" system; 4K40,

missile) * 4P: Launchers * 4S: Launchers (4S95, the launcher of "Kinzhal/Klinok" ( SA-15 Gauntlet) air defense complex)

5 (Air defense equipment)

* 5Ae: Computers (5Ae26, a specialized multi-

CPU A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and ...

computer with a performance of 1.5 MIPS) * 5B:

Surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...

warheads (5B18, the warhead for the S-125's V-601 missile) * 5P: Surface-to-air missile launchers (5P75, the four-missile launcher for the S-125 air defense system) * 5V:

Surface-to-air missiles A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft sy ...

(5V55,

SAM Sam, SAM or variants may refer to: Places * Sam, Benin * Sam, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso * Sam, Bourzanga, Burkina Faso * Sam, Kongoussi, Burkina Faso * Sam, Iran * Sam, Teton County, Idaho, United States, a populated place People and fictional ...

for S-300 air defense system) * 5Ya: Surface-to-air missiles (5Ya23, a SAM for the S-75 air defense system) * 5# : * 51T6 (SH-11/ ABM-4 Gorgone), an

exoatmospheric The exosphere ( grc, ἔξω "outside, external, beyond", grc, σφαῖρα "sphere") is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the densit ...

anti-ballistic missile interceptor for the A-135

air defense system Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes Surface-to-air m ...

: *

53T6 The 53T6 (NATO reporting name: ABM-3 ''Gazelle'', previously SH-08)Gazelle (SH-0 ...

(SH-08/ ABM-3 Gazelle), an endoatmospheric interceptor for A-135

6 (Firearms, air defense equipment)

* 6B:

Body armor Body armor, also known as body armour, personal armor or armour, or a suit or coat of armor, is protective clothing designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by vario ...

(6B1; 6B13, for mountain troops; 6B23, MOLLE; 6B43, MOLLE for airborne, naval and special troops),

helmet A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically, a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without prote ...

s
6B6
* 6Ch: Firearm equipment ( 6Ch12, the PBS-1 flash suppressor and silencer; 6Ch63, AK modernize kit; 6Ch64, front grip) * 6E: Firearm equipment (6E7, flashlight) * 6G: Firearms (6G3, the RPG-7 man-portable, rocket-propelled grenade launcher; 6G17, the VOG-25 40 mm grenade cartridge) * 6Kh: Knives and bayonets (6Kh3, a sword-bayonet for the AKM) * 6P: Firearms (6P1, the 7.62 mm AKM, and 6P41/6P41M,

PKP PKP may stand for: Organizations * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930, original Filipino communist party * Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, underground Filipino Maoist party * Phi Kappa Phi, oldest all-discipline honor society in the United Stat ...

) * 6Sh: Firearm equipment (6Sh5, a rifle sling; 6Sh92, tactical vest; 6Sh104,

SVD ''Svenska Dagbladet'' (, "The Swedish Daily News"), abbreviated SvD, is a daily List of Swedish newspapers, newspaper published in Stockholm, Sweden. History and profile The first issue of ''Svenska Dagbladet'' appeared on 18 December 1884. ...

/ VSS vest for sniper and backpack with rain cover and 2 side MOLLE pouches; 6Sh105, normal or digital tactical vest; 6Sh112, MOLLE tactical vest for PKM/

machine-gunner) * 6T: Firearm equipment (6T2, Samozhenkov's carriage for PKS machine gun) * 6Ts:

Sights A sight is an aiming device used to assist in visually aligning ranged weapons, surveying instruments or optical illumination equipments with the intended target. Sights can be a simple set or system of physical markers that have to be aligne ...

(6Ts1, the PSO-1 sight for the Dragunov sniper rifle) * 6U: Firearm equipment (6U1, personnel carrier vehicle carriage for PKB/PKBM machine gun) * 6V: Firearms (6V1, the Dragunov sniper rifle) * 6Yu: Firearm accessories kit (6Yu4, accessories kit for the AKM) * 6Zh: Firearm equipment (6Zh1M, a 100-round belt-box for the PKM machine gun) * 6L: Magazine (6L20, bakelite plastic

5.45×39mm The 5.45×39mm Cartridge (firearms), cartridge is a Rim (firearms), rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge. It was introduced into service in 1974 by the Soviet Union for use with the new AK-74. The 5.45×39mm gradually supplemented and then ...

magazine for the

AK-74 The AK-74 ( Russian: , tr. ''Avtomat Kalashnikova obraztsa 1974 goda'', lit. 'Kalashnikov assault rifle model 1974) is an assault rifle designed by small arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov in 1974. While primarily associated with the Soviet ...

)

7 (Firearm munitions)

* 7B: Ammunition (7B33, the 7.62×54mmR armour-piercing/

incendiary round Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vincinity of the impact on fire. World War I The first time ince ...

) * 7G: Grenades (7G1, the RKG-3 handheld

grenade) * 7Kh: Training ammunition (7Kh1, the

12.7×108mm The 12.7×108mm cartridge is a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle Cartridge (firearms), cartridge used by the former Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact countries, modern Russia, China and other countries. It was invented in 1934 ...

blank cartridge) * 7N: Ammunition (7N1, the 7.62×54mmR round for sniper rifles) * 7P: Rocket-propelled grenades (7P1, a 40 mm RPG-7 round) * 7S: Misc. ammunition (7S1, a signal false-fire of orange smoke) * 7T: Ammunition (7T2, the 7.62×54mmR tracer round) * 7U: Ammunition (7U1, the 5.45×39mm low speed (

subsonic Subsonic may refer to: Motion through a medium * Any speed lower than the speed of sound within a sound-propagating medium * Subsonic aircraft, a flying machine that flies at air speeds lower than the speed of sound * Subsonic ammunition, a type o ...

) US (Umenshennoy Skorosti; "Reduced Speed") cartridge) * 7Z: Ammunition (7Z1, the 14.5×115mm incendiary round)

=Exceptions

= * 71Kh6: the US-KMO Prognoz-2 early warning system

satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioiso ...

* 73N6 ''Baikal-1'': an automated air defense command and control system * 75E6 ''Parol-3'': the IFF interrogator for the S-75M and S-125 * 76N6: a low-altitude target detector

8 (Army missiles and rocketry)

* 8A:

Ballistic missile A ballistic missile is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target. These weapons are guided only during relatively brief periods—most of the flight is unpowered. Short-range ballistic missiles stay within ...

s * 8D:

Rocket engine A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass for forming a high-speed propulsive Jet (fluid), jet of fluid, usually high-temperature gas. Rocket engines are reaction engines, producing thrust by ejecting mass rearward, i ...

s (mostly) * 8F: Warheads * 8K: Missiles ( 8K51, 8K63 Dvina, 8K64, 8K67, 8K71, 8K81, 8K84) * 8P:

Expendable launch system An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are either destroyed during reentry or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket s ...

s * 8S: Missile propulsion stages

9 (Army missiles, UAVs)

* 9A: Launchers (9A52, the chassis of the Smerch MLRS) * 9F: Training and equipment systems (9F827 of the Smerch system) * 9K: Systems (9К33,

Osa Osa or OSA may refer to: Places * Osa Peninsula, a peninsula in Costa Rica * Osa (canton), a canton in the province of Puntarenas in Costa Rica * Osa Conservation Area, an administrative area in Costa Rica * Osa, India, a village in Allahabad, I ...

system; 9К115-2, Metis-M anti-tank missile system; 9K310, the Igla air defense system) * 9M: Missiles (

9M133 Kornet The 9M133 Kornet (russian: Корнет; "Cornet", NATO reporting name AT-14 Spriggan, export designation Kornet-E) is a Russian man-portable anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) intended for use against main battle tanks. It was first introduced i ...

) and 9M62, T-92 UAV from aerial reconnaissance complex "Tipchak"; * 9P: Launchers (9P140, the chassis of the Uragan MLRS) * 9S: 9S737, Ranzhir mobile command center * 9T: Transporter-loaders and re-supply vehicles (9T234 of the

9K58 Smerch The BM-30 ''Smerch'' ( rus, Смерч, "tornado", "whirlwind"), 9K58 Smerch or 9A52-2 Smerch-M is a heavy self-propelled 300 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system is intended to defeat personnel, armore ...

system, 9T244 of the 9K331 Tor system)

10 (Equipment)

* 10P:

(10P19, the PGO-7V sight for RPG-7V grenade launcher) * 10R: Radios (10R30 ''Karat-2'', a radio transmitter)

11 (Rocketry and associated equipment)

* 11A: Rocketry (11A51, the Korolev N-1 heavy-lift launcher, 11A511, the Soyuz launcher) * 11B: Nuclear thermal rocket engines ( 11B91 (RD0410);

11B97 11B97 was a Soviet nuclear electric rocket engine developed from 1978 through 1986. It was designed with enough propellent to work for 16,000 hours and the nuclear reactor would have had three years of life. It would have been capable of moving up t ...

) * 11D:

Rocket engines A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass for forming a high-speed propulsive jet of fluid, usually high-temperature gas. Rocket engines are reaction engines, producing thrust by ejecting mass rearward, in accordance ...

(11D43, the RD-253 liquid fuel rocket engine (First stage of Proton space launcher)) * 11F:

Satellites A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotop ...

(11F67 ''Molniya-1'', a telecom satellite; 11F35 K1 ''Buran'' (the first ''Buran''-class shuttle; see also " #1 (Radio and electronics equipment)"); 11F654

GLONASS GLONASS (russian: ГЛОНАСС, label=none, ; rus, links=no, Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система, r=Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, t=Global Navigation Satellite System) is ...

satellites A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotop ...

; 11F94 LK, a lunar lander) * 11G: Equipment (11G12, a refuelling station) * 11K: Rocketry (11K25 ''

Energia Energia or Energiya may refer to: * Energia (corporation), or S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, a Russian design bureau and manufacturer ** Energia (rocket), a Soviet rocket designed by the company *Energia (company), a company th ...

'', a heavy-lift rocket for the '' Buran''–class shuttle) * 11M: Onboard equipment (11M243, solar array actuators for the 11F624 ''Yantar-2K'' satellite) * 11P: Ground equipment (11P825, the launch complex for the 11K25) * 11S: Rocket stages (11S59, the 1st and 2nd stages ("unit A") of the

Soyuz rocket The Soyuz (russian: Союз, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed in the 1960s by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Kuybyshev, Soviet Union. It was commissioned to laun ...

)

14 (Rocketry and associated equipment)

* 14A: Rockets (14A15, is the " Soyuz-2-1v") * 14D:

(14D30, the "Briz" booster's S5.98M liquid fuel engine) * 14F:

(14F10, the IS-MU ''Naryad''

anti-satellite weapon Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems. Although no ASAT system has been utilised in warfare, a few ...

) * 14I: Ground equipment (14I02, the ground equipment for the "Briz" booster's 8P882 system) * 14P: Ground equipment (14P72, the service system for the "Briz" booster) * 14S: Boosters (14S12, the "Briz" booster) * 14T: Ground equipment (14T81, the storage equipment for the "Briz" booster)

15 (Strategic Missile Forces equipment)

* 15A:

Intercontinental ballistic missile An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than , primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads). Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons ...

s (15A14 and 15A18, the R-36M (SS-18 Satan) ICBM; 15A15, the UR-100MR (SS-17 Spanker) ICBM) * 15B: Warheads * 15D: Rocket engines (mostly) * 15F: Warheads * 15N: Command and control vehicles * 15P: Silo-based launchers (mostly) * 15U: ICBM ground equipment * 15Zh: ICBMs and tactical ballistic missiles (15Zh45, the

RT-21M Pioneer The RSD-10 ''Pioneer'' (russian: ракета средней дальности (РСД) «Пионер» tr.: ''raketa sredney dalnosti (RSD) "Pioner"''; en, Medium-Range Missile "Pioneer") was an intermediate-range ballistic missile with a ...

(SS-20 Saber) TBM)

17 (Rocketry and associated equipment)

* 17D: Misc.

rocket engines A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass for forming a high-speed propulsive jet of fluid, usually high-temperature gas. Rocket engines are reaction engines, producing thrust by ejecting mass rearward, in accordance ...

(17D58Ae, the stabilization and orientation engine of the "Briz-M" booster) * 17F:

(17F15 ''Raduga-1'', a telecommunications satellite) * 17K: Space-based systems (17K114, a space-based reconnaissance and targeting system) * 17P: Ground equipment (17P31, the start system for 11K25) * 17S: Rocket stages (17S40, Unit D of the Proton launcher) * 17U: Ground equipment (17U551, the "Briz-M" booster testing system)

Notes

References

*
Dictionary of GRAU designations at

External links

History of the GRAU
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grau Defence agencies of Russia Military of Russia Military of the Soviet Union