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Raadi Cemetery
The Raadi cemetery, ( et, Raadi kalmistu) is the oldest and largest burial ground in Tartu, Estonia, dating back to 1773. Many prominent historical figures are buried there. It is also the largest Baltic German cemetery in Estonia after the destruction of Kopli cemetery in Tallinn. Until 1841, it was the only cemetery in the town. The cemetery currently includes several smaller graveyard sections, the oldest of which date back to 1773. Origins, 1771–1773 Between 1771 and 1772, Russian empress Catherine the Great, issued an edict which decreed that from that point on no-one who died (regardless of their social standing or class origins) was to be buried in a church crypt or churchyard; all burials were to take place in the new cemeteries to be built throughout the entire Russian empire, which were to be located outside town boundaries. These measures were intended to overcome the congestion of urban church crypts and graveyards, and were prompted by a number of outbrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi–Soviet Population Transfers
The Nazi–Soviet population transfers were population transfers of ethnic Germans, ethnic Poles, and some ethnic East Slavs that took place from 1939 to 1941. These transfers were part of the German '' Heim ins Reich'' policy in accordance with the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Conception As a result of Nazi Germany's expansion, most German-speakers in Europe were brought under one regime. There were millions of ethnic Germans living outside German borders, mostly in Central and Eastern Europe, with the majority of people being migrants in Russia. The migrated Germansreferred to as ''Volksdeutsche''lived outside of Germany for centuries. These emigrants had lived in the eastern part of Germany between the 12th and 18th centuries. Notwithstanding, Hitler had a plan to help these German speaking people from west into Nazi Germany. However, Hitler also believed that the 1937 borders and territories of Nazi Germany, i.e. before t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaan Eilart
Jaan Eilart (24 June 1933 – 18 May 2006) was an Estonian phytogeographer, landscape ecologist, cultural historian and conservationist. Eilart was born in Pala, Kirna Parish, Järva County. In 1957 he started teaching conservation as a subject in the Tartu State University. In 1958 he established the Tartu Students' Nature Protection Circle ( et, Tartu Üliõpilaste Looduskaitsering; TÜLKR), which is allegedly the oldest student's community dedicated to conservation, and in 1966 he established the Estonian Nature Conservation Society (; ELKS). In 1969 Eilart led the establishment of Lahemaa National Park which was the first national park in the Soviet Union. Later he also instructed the establishment of national parks in Komi, Armenia and Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Gottfried Konstantin Dehio
Karl Gottfried Konstantin Dehio (27 May 1851, Reval – 26 February 1927) was a Baltic German internist and professor of pathology. In 1877 he earned his doctorate from the University of Dorpat, and following graduation continued his studies at the University of Vienna. From 1879 to 1883 he was a physician at the Prince of Oldenburg Children's Hospital in St. Petersburg, returning to Dorpat in 1884 as a lecturer at the university. In 1886, he became a professor of pathology, being chosen university rector in 1918. From 1890 to 1914 Dehio was editor of ''St. Petersburger Medizinischen Wochenschrift'' for Dorpat. He was the president of the Naturalists' Society at the University of Dorpat in 1899–1901, and for a period of time was vice-president of the society to combat leprosy in Livonia. An atropine test known as "Dehio's test" is attributed to him, which states: "If an injection of atropine relieves bradycardia, the condition is due to action of the vagus; if it does not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Ernst Claus
Karl Ernst Claus (also Karl Klaus or Carl Claus, russian: Карл Ка́рлович Кла́ус, 22 January 1796 – 24 March 1864) was a German-Russian chemist and naturalist of Baltic German origin. Claus was a professor at Kazan State University and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was primarily known as a chemist and discoverer of the chemical element ruthenium, which he named after his homeland of Russia, but also as one of the first scientists who applied quantitative methods in botany.Клаус, Карл Карлович in Волков В.А. ''et al'' "Выдающиеся химики мира: Биографический справочник" Moscow, Высш. шк., 1991 (in Russian) Early life and education Karl Claus was born in ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Bunge
Alexander Georg von Bunge (russian: Алекса́ндр Андре́евич Бу́нге; – ) was a Russian botanist. He is best remembered for scientific expeditions into Asia and especially Siberia. Early life and education Bunge was born under the name, Alexander Andreevič von Bunge on in Kyiv as second son of a family that belonged to the German minority in Tsarist Russia. HIs father, Andreas Theodor was a pharmacist who had emigrated from East Prussia to Russia with his grandfather in the 18th century and his mother, Elisabeth von Bunge, . They moved to Dorpat in 1815 after his father's death in 1814 and attended highschool from 1818 to 1821. He was educated at Dorpat and where he passed through the gymnasium during the period of 1821–1825. Then, he studied medicine and obtained his Doctorate of Medicine from University of Tartu on 1825. He also studied botany there under Carl Friedrich von Ledebour and completed his thesis entitled ''De relatione methodi plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Bidder
Georg Friedrich Karl Heinrich Bidder ( – ) was a Baltic German physiologist and anatomist from what was then the Governorate of Livonia in the Russian Empire. In 1834 he received his doctorate from the University of Dorpat, where he became a professor of anatomy (1842), and physiology and pathology (1843). He was a corresponding member (1857) and honorary member (1884) of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (today Russian Academy of Sciences). He was the president of the Naturalists' Society at the University of Dorpat from 1877 to 1890. Bidder is primarily remembered for his studies of nutrition and gastric physiology. From 1847 to 1852 he performed physiological-chemical studies of digestive juices and metabolism with chemist Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (1822–1894). He also conducted important investigations of the sympathetic nervous system with Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1801–1877) and of the spinal cord with Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer (1829–1902). Bidder's na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Ernst Von Baer
Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn ( – ) was a Baltic German scientist and explorer. Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and is considered a, or the, founding father of embryology. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society, and the first president of the Russian Entomological Society, making him one of the most distinguished Baltic German scientists. Life Karl Ernst von Baer was born into the Baltic German noble Baer family ( et) in the Piep Manor ( et), Jerwen County, Governorate of Estonia (in present-day Lääne-Viru County, Estonia), as a knight by birthright. His patrilineal ancestors were of Westphalian origin and originated in Osnabrück. He spent his early childhood at Lasila manor, Estonia. He was educated at the Knight and Cathedral School in Reval (Tallinn) and the Imperial University of Dorpat (Tartu). In 1812, during his tenure at the uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauri Aus
Lauri Aus (4 November 1970 – 20 July 2003) was an Estonian professional cyclist who represented his native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992. He was born in Tartu, became a professional in 1995, and rode for several French teams. He was the first Estonian rider to finish the Tour de France in 1997. He also finished in the top 10 of the World Championship in 1997. Lauri Aus died, aged thirty-two, of injuries sustained after being struck by a drunk driver, while training between Aovere and Kallaste in Tartu County. He was married, with two children. Major results ;1992 : National Road Race Champion :5th Olympics Road Race ;1994 : National time trial Champion ;1997 :1st Tour de Limousin, stage 3 :1st Tour de Limousin, General Classification :1st Tour de Pologne, stage 1 ;1998 :1st Classic Haribo :1st Tour de l'Oise, stage 1 :2nd Tour de l'Oise, General Classification :1st Tour du Poitou-Charentes, stage 1 :1st Tour du Poitou-Charentes, Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalev Arro
Kalev Gustav Arro (17 July 1915 – 2 June 1974) was an Estonian partisan during the Soviet occupation of Estonia The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based adminis .... He was part of the Guerrilla war in the Baltic states, Forest Brothers (''Metsavennad''), a group of resistance fighters who hid in the forests of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the struggle against Soviet authority. He is noted for disguising himself as a Vagrancy, vagrant for 30 years to evade capture. Biography Arro and fellow partisans hid in bunkers in southern Estonian forests. One of these was the Hallipalu bunker in Põlva County, which bunker partner Artur Kittus said was considered by his comrades as the Republic of Estonia. Contemporaneous Soviet documents frequently mentioned Arro and his comrades and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Ariste
Paul Ariste (3 February 1905 – 2 February 1990) was an Estonian linguist renowned for his studies of the Finno-Ugric languages (especially Estonian and Votic), Yiddish and Baltic Romani language. He was born as Paul Berg, in Rääbise, Võtikvere Parish (now Jõgeva Parish), Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire, but in 1927 Estonized his name to Ariste. He graduated from the University of Tartu and subsequently worked with it. Ariste wrote his M.A. thesis ("Eesti-rootsi laensõnad eesti keeles") on Swedish – viz. Estonian Swedish dialect – loanwords in Estonian, his doctoral thesis ("Hiiu murrete häälikud") treated the Hiiumaa dialect of Estonian language. From 1945 to 1946, Ariste was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities (for having been member of '' Veljesto'', a student association in independent Estonia) Since 1927 Paul Ariste eagerly participated in activities of Estonian Folklore Archives, where he established collections of Jewish, Swe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betti Alver
Elisabet "Betti" Alver ( in Jõgeva – 19 June 1989 in Tartu), was one of Estonia's most notable poets. She was among the first generation to be educated in schools of an independent Estonia. She went to grammar school in Tartu. Writing She began as a prose writer. She became known for being a member of the '' Arbujad'' ("Soothsayers"), a small group of influential Estonian poets including Bernard Kangro, Uku Masing, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud, August Sang, Heiti Talvik and Paul Viiding. After the war her husband Heiti Talvik was imprisoned by the Soviets and died in Siberia. For two or three decades she was silent as a poet as protest of Soviet rule, but renewed activity in the 1960s. Of note in this second period is the 1966 collection ''Tähetund'' or "Starry Hour." She also wrote novels and did translation work. On the hundredth anniversary of her birth a museum was dedicated to her in Jõgeva Jõgeva (german: Laisholm) is a small town in Estonia with a popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
