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RXRA
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-alpha), also known as NR2B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ''RXRA'' gene. Function Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs), are nuclear receptors that mediate the biological effects of retinoids by their involvement in retinoic acid-mediated gene activation. These receptors exert their action by binding, as homodimers or heterodimers, to specific sequences in the promoters of target genes and regulating their transcription. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retinoid X Receptor
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid, which is discussed controversially to be of endogenous relevance, and 9-''cis''-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, which is likely to be the major endogenous mammalian RXR-selective agonist. In a novel review publication, this 9-''cis''-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid was shown to be a metabolite not originating from the known vitamin A (vitamin A1) pathway and its nutritional precursors all-''trans''-retinol ( vitamin A (vitamin A1) or all-''trans''- beta-carotene (provitamin A (provitamin A1)). An independent pathway for generating this endogenous RXR-ligand 9-''cis''-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid from 9-''cis''-13,14-dihydroretinol present in food source and named vitamin A5 or alternatively via provitamin A5 has been suggested as the first novel vitamin identified since 1948, cobalamin / vitamin B12. There are three retinoic X receptors (RXR): RXR-alpha, RXR-beta, and RXR-gamma, en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IGFBP3
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IGFBP3'' gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins ( IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis. Function IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS. For IGFs to reach th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITGB3BP
Centromere protein R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ITGB3BP'' gene. Interactions ITGB3BP has been shown to interact with: * CD61, * Cyclin A2, * NFKB1, * RXRA, * RXRG, and * THRA Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR-alpha) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 1 (NR1A1), is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the ''THRA'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a nucle .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Receptor
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins responsible for sensing steroids, thyroid hormones, vitamins, and certain other molecules. These receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism. Nuclear receptors bind directly to DNA regulating the expression of adjacent genes; hence these receptors are classified as transcription factors. The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors often occurs in the presence of a ligand—a molecule that affects the receptor's behavior. Ligand binding to a nuclear receptor results in a conformational change activating the receptor. The result is up- or down-regulation of gene expression. A unique property of nuclear receptors that differentiates them from other classes of receptors is their direct control of genomic DNA. Nuclear receptors play key roles in both embryonic development a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ''RARA'' gene. NR1B1 is a gene with a protein product and has a chromosomal location of 17q21.2. RARA codes for the nuclear hormone receptor Retinoic Acid Receptor, Alpha subtype, and are themselves transcription factors. There are another 2 subtypes of RARs, Beta subtype, and Gamma subtype. Function Retinoid signaling is transduced by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor ( RAR) and retinoid X receptor ( RXR), which form RXR/RAR heterodimers. In the absence of ligand, DNA-bound RXR/RARA represses transcription by recruiting the corepressors NCOR1, SMRT ( NCOR2), and histone deacetylase. When ligand binds to the complex, it induces a conformational change allowing the recruitment of coactivators, histone acetyltransferases, and the basic transcription machinery. Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNF8
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF8'' gene. RNF8 has activity both in immune system functions and in DNA repair. Function The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and an FHA domain. This protein has been shown to interact with several class II ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), including UBE2E1/UBCH6, UBE2E2, and UBE2E3, and may act as a ubiquitin ligase (E3) in the ubiquitination of certain nuclear proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. RNF8 promotes repair of DNA damage through three DNA repair pathways: homologous recombinational repair (HRR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and nucleotide excision repair (NER). DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer, and deficiency in DNA repair can cause mutations leading to cancer. A deficiency in RNF8 predisposes mice to cancer. Chromatin remodeling After the occurrence of a do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma
Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ or PPARG), also known as the glitazone reverse insulin resistance receptor, or NR1C3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3) is a type II nuclear receptor functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the ''PPARG'' gene. Tissue distribution PPARG is mainly present in adipose tissue, colon and macrophages. Two isoforms of PPARG are detected in the human and in the mouse: PPAR-γ1 (found in nearly all tissues except muscle) and PPAR-γ2 (mostly found in adipose tissue and the intestine). Gene expression This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPARGC1A
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPARGC1A'' gene. PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 ( HAR20). It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is also the primary regulator of liver gluconeogenesis, inducing increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis. Function PGC-1α is a super strong gene that contains two promoters, and has 4 alternative splicings. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activity of, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POU2F1
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POU2F1'' gene. Interactions POU2F1 has been shown to interact with: * EPRS, * Glucocorticoid receptor, * Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, * Host cell factor C1, * Ku80, * MNAT1 * NPAT, * Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, * POU2AF1, * RELA, * Retinoid X receptor alpha, * SNAPC4, * Sp1 transcription factor, and * TATA binding protein. See also * Octamer transcription factor Octamer transcription factors are a protein family, family of transcription factors which binds to the "ATTTGCAT" Nucleic acid sequence, DNA sequence. Their DNA-binding domain is a POU domain. There are eight Octamer proteins in humans (Oct1–11) ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Transcription factors, g3 POU-domain proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NCOA6
Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCOA6'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that can interact with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. The encoded protein has been shown to be involved in the hormone-dependent coactivation of several receptors, including prostanoid, retinoid, vitamin D3, thyroid hormone, and steroid receptors. The encoded protein may also act as a general coactivator since it has been shown to interact with some basal transcription factors, histone acetyltransferases, and methyltransferases. Interactions NCOA6 has been shown to interact with: * ASCL2 and * Activating transcription factor 2, * Androgen receptor, * CREB-binding protein, * DNA-PKcs, * E2F1, * EP300, * Estrogen receptor alpha, * Estrogen receptor beta, * HBXIP, * HIST2H3C, * HSF1, * Ku70, * Ku80, * Liver X receptor beta, * MLL3, * RBBP5, * Reti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2
Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the Atomic nucleus, nucleus of the atom: *Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear operator *Nuclear congruence *Nuclear C*-algebra Biology Relating to the Cell nucleus, nucleus of the cell: * Nuclear DNA Society *Nuclear family, a family consisting of a pair of adults and their children Music *Nuclear (band), "Nuclear" (band), group music. *Nuclear (Ryan Adams song), "Nuclear" (Ryan Adams song), 2002 *"Nuclear", a song by Mike Oldfield from his ''Man on the Rocks'' album *Nu.Clear (EP), ''Nu.Clear'' (EP) by South Korean girl group CLC See also *Nucleus (other) *Nucleolus *Nucleation *Nucleic acid *Nucular * * {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerve Growth Factor IB
The nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1 for "nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1") also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NR4A1'' gene. Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a member of the ''NR4A'' nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. NR4A1 is involved in cell cycle mediation, inflammation and apoptosis. Nuclear receptor 4A1 plays a key role in mediating inflammatory responses in macrophages. In addition, subcellular localization of the NR4A1 protein appears to play a key role in the survival and death of cells. Expression is inducible by phytohemagglutinin in human lymphocytes and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. Translocation of the protein from the nucleus to mitochondria induces apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. Structure The ''NR4A1'' gene contains seven exons. An amino terminal transactivation domain is encoded in exon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |