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RAP1A
Ras-related protein Rap-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAP1A'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the family of Ras-related proteins. These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between RAP proteins and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. The product of this gene counteracts the mitogenic function of RAS because it can interact with RAS GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Interactions RAP1A has been shown to interact with: * C-Raf, * MLLT4, * PDE6D, * RALGDS, * RAPGEF2, and * TSC2 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2), also known as Tuberin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TSC2'' gene. Function Mutations in this gene lead to tuberous sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rap GTP-binding Protein
Rap GTP-binding protein also known as Ras-related proteins or simply RAP is a type of small GTPase, similar in structure to Ras. These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common. The most striking difference between RAP proteins and RAS proteins resides in their 61st amino acid: glutamine in RAS is replaced by threonine in RAP proteins. RAP counteracts the mitogenic function of RAS because it can interact with RAS GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Family members Human genes that encode Ras-related proteins include: * RAP1A, RAP1B * RAP2A Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAP2A'' gene. RAP2A is a member of the Ras-related protein family. Interactions RAP2A has been shown to interact with RUNDC3A, RASSF5 and RALGDS Ral guanine nucleoti ..., RAP2B, RAP1C * RAB5C References External links * EC 3.6.5 Peripheral membra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-Raf
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RAF1'' gene. The c-Raf protein is part of the ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase (MAP3K) that functions downstream of the Ras subfamily of membrane associated GTPases. C-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, from the TKL (Tyrosine-kinase-like) group of kinases. Discovery The first Raf gene, v-Raf was found in 1983. It was isolated from the murine retrovirus bearing the number 3611. It was soon demonstrated to be capable to transform rodent fibroblasts to cancerous cell lines, so this gene was given the name Virus-induced Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (V-RAF). A year later, another transforming gene was found in the avian retrovirus MH2, named v-Mil - that turned out to be highly similar to v-Raf. Researchers were able to demonstrate that these genes encode enzymes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MLLT4
Afadin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AFDN'' gene. Function Afadin is a Ras (see HRAS; MIM 190020) target that regulates cell–cell adhesions downstream of Ras activation. It is fused with MLL (MIM 159555) in leukemias caused by t(6;11) translocations (Taya et al., 1998). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"> Interactions Afadin has been shown to interact with: * BCR gene, * EPHB3, * F11 receptor, * HRAS and * LMO2, * PVRL1, * PVRL3, * Profilin 1, * RAP1A, * RAP1GAP, * SORBS1, * SSX2IP Afadin- and alpha-actinin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SSX2IP'' gene. It has been shown that it functions together with WDR8 in centrosome maturation, ensuring proper spindle length and orientation. The SSX2IP- ..., * Tight junction protein 1, and * USP9X. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{PDB Gallery, geneid=4301 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDE6D
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PDE6D'' gene. PDE6D was originally identified as a fourth subunit of rod cell-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (). The precise function of PDE delta subunit in the rod specific GMP-PDE complex is unclear. In addition, PDE delta subunit is not confined to photoreceptor cells but is widely distributed in different tissues. PDE delta subunit is thought to be a specific soluble transport factor for certain prenylated proteins and Arl2-GTP a regulator of PDE-mediated transport. Interactions PDE6D has been shown to interact with: * ARL2, * HRAS, * RAP1A Ras-related protein Rap-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAP1A'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the family of Ras-related proteins. These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the clas ..., * Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RALGDS
Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that is encoded by the ''RALGDS'' gene in humans. Interactions RALGDS has been shown to interact with: * Arrestin beta 1, * Arrestin beta 2, * HRAS, * KRAS, * MRAS, * RAP1A, * RAP2A, * RAPGEF2, and * RRAS Ras-related protein R-Ras is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RRAS'' gene. Interactions RRAS has been shown to interact with: * ARAF, * Bcl-2, * NCK1, * RALGDS Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein tha .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{PDB Gallery, geneid=5900 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAPGEF2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAPGEF2'' gene. RAPGEF2 is a cyclic AMP binding protein. Function Members of the RAS subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RAPGEF2, serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation. Interactions RAPGEF2 has been shown to interact with RAP1A and RALGDS Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that is encoded by the ''RALGDS'' gene in humans. Interactions RALGDS has been shown to interact with: * Arrestin beta 1, * Arrestin beta 2, * HRAS, * KRAS, * MRAS, * RAP1A, * R .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
