|
Răstoaca
Răstoaca is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Răstoaca, and was part of Milcovul commune from 1968 until 2004, when it was split off. The commune is located in the southern part of the county, southeast of the county seat, Focșani. History In December 1957–January 1958, during the Communist era, the peasants from Răstoaca and nearby Suraia and Vadu Roșca resisted the collectivization of agriculture. At one time, several dozen men from Răstoaca attacked a convoy of Communist Party members; the convoy, which included Nicolae Ceaușescu, had come to convince the locals to join in the collectivization effort. Several peasants from the area who revolted were shot; 73 were tried and sentenced to long prison terms. Memorialist Florin Pavlovici witnessed how 30–40 men from Răstoaca were sent to the Periprava labor camp in the Danube Delta; according to Andrei Muraru, head of the Institute for the Investigation of Communist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivization In Romania
__NOTOC__ The collectivization of agriculture in Romania took place in the early years of the Communist regime. The initiative sought to bring about a thorough transformation in the property regime and organization of labor in agriculture. According to some authors, such as US anthropologist David Kideckel, agricultural collectivization was a "response to the objective circumstances" in postwar Romania, rather than an ideologically motivated enterprise. Unlike the Stalinist model applied in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, the collectivization was not achieved by mass liquidation of wealthy peasants, starvation, or agricultural sabotage, but was accomplished gradually. This often included significant violence and destruction as employed by cadres, or Party representatives. The program was launched at the plenary of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party of 3–5 March 1949, where a resolution regarding socialist transformation of agriculture was adopted along the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periprava Labor Camp
The Periprava labor camp was a labor camp operated by the Romanian communist regime. The camp, located near the village of Periprava in the Danube Delta, held up to 2,000 prisoners. According to a study done by the International Centre for Studies into Communism, 8.23% of political prisoners in Communist Romania did time at Periprava. In the literature on communist prisons and camps in Romania, the Periprava labor camp is described as one of the harshest places of imprisonment. In view of the extremely severe detention and work regime, sheer terror, and high mortality, the camp is known among former detainees as a true "death camp". The labor camp The main facility of the labor camp was next to Periprava village; other detention facilities in the area were at Sfiștofca, Grindu, Letea, C. A. Rosetti, and Bac. In the early 1950s, Periprava was a section of the Chilia Formation; it became an independent prison on July 1, 1957. The official designation for the camp was Facilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milcovul
Milcovul (called Risipiți until 1964) is a commune in Vrancea County, Romania. It is located in the historical region of Muntenia. It is composed of two villages, Lămotești and Milcovul, and also included Gologanu and Răstoaca from 1968, until these became separate communes again in 2004. In 1227 Milcov became the seat of the Diocese of Cumania, a Roman Catholic bishopric which served the Cumans and the Teutonic Knights in the Burzenland. The diocese was destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Europe From the 1220s into the 1240s, the Mongols conquered the Turkic states of Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, Alania, and the Kievan Rus' federation. Following this, they began their invasion into heartland Europe by launching a two-pronged invasion of ... in 1241. References Communes in Vrancea County Localities in Muntenia {{Vrancea-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suraia
Suraia is a commune located in Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Suraia. It included Biliești village until 2004, when this was split off to form a separate commune. The commune is located in the eastern part of the county, on the right bank of the Siret, a river that forms the border with Galați County. Suraia is crossed by county road DJ204D, which connects it to the south to Vulturu (where it ends in DN23) and to the northwest to Biliești, Vânători, and Focșani (where it ends in DN2). The Făurei–Tecuci railway also passes through the commune, which is served by the Suraia stop. History At the end of the 19th century, the commune was part of Putna County and was formed by the villages of Butuceni, Dimaciu, Dumbrăvița, and Suraia, with 3,041 inhabitants. In 1950, the commune was assigned to the Focșani raion of , then (after 1952) of Bârlad Region and (after 1956) of . In 1968, it was transferred to Vrancea County. In December 1957– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulturu, Vrancea
Vulturu is a commune located in the southeastern part of Vrancea County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Boțârlău, Hângulești, Maluri, Vadu-Roșca and Vulturu. The commune is located in the southeastern part of the county, on the border with Galați County. It is situated in the extreme northeast of the Wallachian Plain, where the Putna River flows into the Siret River. History In December 1957–January 1958, during the Communist era, the peasants from Vadu-Roșca and nearby Suraia and Răstoaca resisted the collectivization of agriculture Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- .... The bloodiest repression of a series of peasant revolts against collectivization in Romania took place in Vadu Roșca. Nine peasants from the area were shot dead, and 17 were wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vrancea County
Vrancea () is a county ( județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 340,310 and a population density of . * Romanians – over 98% * Romani, others – 2% Geography Vrancea County's area is of . A curvedly shaped mountainous area, known in Romanian as the '' Carpații de Curbură'', lies in the western part of the county, at the Southern end of the Eastern Carpathians, with heights over . To the East, the heights decrease into hilly areas and the lower valley of the Siret River. The main tributary of the Siret, which crosses the county, is the Putna River. Seismic hazard The territory of Vrancea County is the most seismically active zone of Romania, with yearly earthquakes whose focal depths are between and therefore affect wide regions. The earthquakes with the epicenter in Vrancea are caused by the movem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commune In Romania
A commune (''comună'' in Romanian language, Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a Counties of Romania, county. Urban areas, such as towns and cities within a county, are given the status of ''Cities in Romania, city'' or ''Municipality in Romania, municipality''. In principle, a commune can contain any size population, but in practice, when a commune becomes relatively urbanised and exceeds approximately 10,000 residents, it is usually granted city status. Although cities are on the same administrative level as communes, their local governments are structured in a way that gives them more power. Some urban or semi-urban areas of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants have also been given city status. Each commune is administered by a mayor (''primar'' in Romanian). A commune is made up of one or more villages which do not themselves have an administrative function. Communes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as '' The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national " newspaper of record". For print it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure after its shares became publicly traded. A. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher and the company's chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For The Investigation Of Communist Crimes In Romania
The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania ( ro, Institutul de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului în România) is a government-sponsored organization whose mission is to investigate the crimes and abuses conducted while Romania was under communist rule, prior to December 1989. Following the Romanian Revolution, Romania’s Communist government was overthrown and a democratic president was elected in May 1990. The main objectives of the Institute are the gathering of data, documents and testimonies regarding all oppressive actions exerted by the system, and notifying the state’s criminal investigation departments. In addition, the Institute informs the public of the crimes, abuses and instigations to crime, conducted in the name of "class struggle" by the powerful people within the communist system. The Institute was led for many years by Marius Oprea, president, a University of Bucharest graduate with a PhD in history who is an archeologist and histori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Muraru
Dan-Andrei Muraru (born May 20, 1982) is a Romanian historian and diplomat. Muraru was born in Iași and grew up in the city's neighborhood. He graduated from the history faculty of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iași in 2005. He earned a master’s degree from the same institution in 2007, and a doctorate in 2011, with a thesis on the war crimes trials for Transnistria Governorate. From 2012 to 2014, he headed the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania. He began teaching at Bucharest’s National University of Political Studies and Public Administration in 2018. He has been an adviser to Klaus Iohannis since summer 2014, several months before the latter became President of Romania. at the SNSPA site In 2021, Iohannis named Muraru [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danube Delta
The Danube Delta ( ro, Delta Dunării, ; uk, Дельта Дунаю, Deľta Dunaju, ) is the second largest river delta in Europe, after the Volga Delta, and is the best preserved on the continent. The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania (Tulcea County), with a small part in Ukraine (Odessa Oblast). Its approximate surface area is , of which is in Romania. With the lagoons of Razim–Sinoe ( with water surface), located south of the main delta, the total area of the Danube Delta is . The Razim–Sinoe lagoon complex is geologically and ecologically related to the delta proper; the combined territory is listed as a World Heritage Site. Geography and geology The modern Danube Delta began to form after 4000 BCE in a bay of the Black Sea when the sea rose to its present level. A sandy barrier blocked the Danube bay where the river initially built its delta. Upon filling the bay with sediment, the delta advanced outside this barrier-blocked estuary after 3500 BCE, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party ( ro, Partidul Comunist Român, , PCR) was a communist party in Romania. The successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to a communist revolution that would replace the social system of the Kingdom of Romania. After being outlawed in 1924, the PCR remained a minor and illegal grouping for much of the interwar period and submitted to direct Comintern control. During the 1920s and the 1930s, most of its activists were imprisoned or took refuge in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of competing factions that at times came in open conflict. That did not prevent the party from participating in the political life of the country through various front organizations, most notably the Peasant Workers' Bloc. During the mid 1930s, as a result of the purges against the Iron Guard, the party was on the road to achieving power, but this was crushed by the dictatorship of king Carol II. In the perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> The New York Times")
