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Référendaire Of France
The referendary (Latin: ''referendarius;'' French: ''référendaire'') was the officer of the palace in the Merovingian period who made the report of the royal letters in the chancelleries, so as to decide whether they should be signed and sealed. They were frequently also the Lord Chancellor of France, Lord Chancellors serving the Merovingian dynasty. Referendaries Known referendaries include: * Saint Remigius, Saint Rémigius, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims, Bishop of Reims (497–533) * Siggo, in the courts of Sigebert I, then Chilperic I and finally Childebert II (561) * Ansbert of Rouen, Ansbert, Bishop of Rouen, in the court of Clothar II (dates as ''référendaire'' unknown) * Audoin (bishop), Audoin, Bishop of Rouen (641–689), Grand Référendaire of Dagobert I and Clovis II from 638 to 657 * Robert I, Bishop of Tours, in the courts of Dagobert I and Clovis II (through 663) * Bonitus (bishop), Bonitus, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont, Bishop of Auvergne, in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendary
Referendary is the English form of a number of administrative positions, of various rank, in chanceries and other official organizations in Europe. Pre-modern history The office of ' (plural: ', from the Latin ', "I inform") existed at the Byzantine Court. Such officials reported to the Emperor on the memorials of petitioners, and conveyed to the judges the Emperor's orders in connection with such memorials. During the Frankish Empire's Merovingian period, the official who would later be known as the chancellor (') was termed the '. See also Royal Administration of Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties. Other medieval kingdoms also had a referendary, e.g., Anianus, who in 506 CE compiled the ''Breviary of Alaric'' for that king of the Visigoths. Later the office proliferated and thus became devalued, as reflected in compound titles differentiating some such offices, e.g., in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In later iterations of the Polish state, the title occurred again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagobert I
Dagobert I ( la, Dagobertus; 605/603 – 19 January 639 AD) was the king of Austrasia (623–634), king of all the Franks (629–634), and king of Neustria and Burgundy (629–639). He has been described as the last king of the Merovingian dynasty to wield any real royal power. Dagobert was the first of the Frankish kings to be buried in the royal tombs at Saint Denis Basilica. Rule in Austrasia Dagobert was the eldest son of Chlothar II and Haldetrude (575–604) and the grandson of Fredegund. Chlothar had reigned alone over all the Franks since 613. In 622, Chlothar made Dagobert king of Austrasia, almost certainly to bind the Austrasian nobility to the ruling Franks. As a child, Dagobert lived under the care of the Carolingian dynasty forebears and Austrasian magnates, Arnulf of Metz and Pepin of Landen. Chlothar attempted to manage the unstable alliances he had with other noble families throughout much of Dagobert's reign. When Chlothar granted Austrasia to Dagobert, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of The Merovingian Kingdom
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Administration Of Merovingian And Carolingian Dynasties
The royal household of the early kings of the Franks is the subject of considerable discussion and remains controversial. This discussion is aimed at identifying the major categories of participants in the administration and those who made the major historical impacts. Every king of the Franks from Clovis I to Charles the Bald had a large cadre of advisors and bureaucrats that helped implement their regime. These supporters of the crown are frequently unknown, but often are ancestors of the later rulers of France. This is not intended to be a complete list of those supporting the kings but to serve as a guide for further study. A general discussion of the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties can be found in the associated main articles. See also Government of the Carolingian Empire. Mayors of the Palace. Under the Merovingian kings, the mayor of the palace (''maiores palatii'' or “great man of the palace") was the manager of the household of the Frankish king. The office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert II, Chancellor To Clothair III
Chrodbert (also known as Chrodbert II or Robert II to distinguish him from his grandfather known sometimes as Chrodbert I) (died after 678) was a nobleman from Neustria. He was grandson to Robert I, Bishop of Tours, Chrodbert I, referendary to Clovis II through Chrodbert's son Lambert of Hesbaye (died after 650). Chrodbert was Lord Chancellor of France, Lord Chancellor during the reign of Chlothar III, King of the Franks in Neustria, as well as referendary. He was a contemporary of Ansbert of Rouen, who was also a Lord Chancellor of France, Lord Chancellor to Clotaire III. Chrodbert was mentioned as Count palatine (''comes palatinus)'' on 2 October 678. He was at the court of Clovis II in 654 and opposed Erchinoald, Mayor of the Palace, to little avail. He supported Ebroin against Leodegar, who had the latter’s eyes put out. He became Count palatine and then chancellor to Clothar III. Chrodbert married Théodrade (Théoda) and they had many children, some of which are likely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigebert III
Sigebert III ( 630–656) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 633 to his death around 656. He was described as the first Merovingian ''roi fainéant'' —do-nothing king—, in effect the mayor of the palace ruling the kingdom throughout his reign. However he lived a pious Christian life and was later sanctified, being remembered as Saint Sigebert of Austrasia in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Life Sigebert was born in 630 as the eldest son of Dagobert I, King of the Franks, and his concubine Ragnetrude. The king recalled and made peace with Saint Amand, who was previously banished for criticizing the king's vices, and asked him to baptize his new-born son. The ceremony was performed at Orléans and Charibert II, Dagobert's half-brother who was King of Aquitaine at the time, was the god-father. Dagobert assigned the education of Sigebert to Pepin of Landen, who was the mayor of the palace in Austrasia under his father Chlotar II, until 629. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Clermont
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Claromontana''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Clermont'') is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the department of Puy-de-Dôme, in the Region of Auvergne. The Archbishop's seat is Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral. Throughout its history Clermont was the senior suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bourges. It became a metropolitan see itself, however, in 2002. The current archbishop is François Kalist. At first very extensive, the diocese lost Haute-Auvergne in 1317 through the reorganization of the structure of bishoprics in southern France and Aquitaine by Pope John XXII, resulting in the creation of the diocese of Saint-Flour. In 1822, in the reorganization of French dioceses by Pope Pius VII, following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, the diocese of Clermont lost the Bourbonnais, on account of the erection of the diocese of Moulins. Since the reorganiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonitus (bishop)
Saint Bonitus (623–710) was born in France and held a number of important positions including being appointed governor of Marseilles in 667 and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont, Bishop of Auvergne. He was also Lord Chancellor of France, chancellor and List of Merovingian referendaries, referendary in Francia. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church as well as the Eastern Orthodox Church. Life Bonitus was born in Auvergne, France and became chancellor to Sigebert III. the king of Austrasia; and by his zeal, religion, and justice, flourished in that kingdom under four kings. After the death of Dagobert II. Thierry III. made him governor of Marseilles and all Provence, in 680 He was known to be an intimate friend of Sigebert III and Genesius, Count of Clermont, Genesius. His elder brother St. Avitus II. bishop of Clermont, in Auvergne, having recommended him for his successor, died in 689, and Bonitus was consecrated. He was known to have a great devotion to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert I, Bishop Of Tours
Chrodebert I (Chrotbert, Radobertus, Robert I) (died 695), List of Merovingian referendaries, Merovingian referendary and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tours, Bishop of Tours (as Chrotbert, 660-695), son of Charibert de Haspengau and his wife Wulfgurd. Robert and his brothers Erlebert (Thérouanne Nobleman), Erlebert and Aldebert were the ancestors of the Robertians. Robert began his career as a referendary to Dagobert I, the last powerful king of the Merovingian dynasty, and his son Clovis II. He was the Mayor of the Palace, Mayor of the Palace of Burgundy (as Radobertus) from 642-662) and possibly that of Neustria during the interregnum of Ebroin. He may have been Bishop of Paris, but there is little evidence to support this. Robert was married to Glismoda of Bavaria, parentage unknown. They had two children: * Lambert of Hesbaye, Lambert I of Hesbaye * Angadrisma, Saint Angadrisma, married to Ansbert of Rouen Lambert was the father of Chrodbert (count palatine of Chlothar II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clovis II
Clovis II (633 – 657) was King of Neustria and Burgundy, having succeeded his father Dagobert I in 639. His brother Sigebert III had been King of Austrasia since 634. He was initially under the regency of his mother Nanthild until her death in her early thirties in 642. Nanthild's death allowed Clovis to fall under the influence of the secular magnates, who reduced the royal power in their own favour; first Aega and then Erchinoald. The Burgundian mayor of the palace Flaochad used him to lure his rival, Willebad, to a battle in Autun, where Willebad was killed. Background Clovis' wife, Balthild, whose Anglo-Saxon origins are now considered doubtful, was sold into slavery in Gaul. She had been owned by the Neustrian mayor of the palace, Erchinoald, who gave her to him to garner royal favour. She bore him three sons who all became kings after his death. The eldest, Chlothar, succeeded him and his second eldest, Childeric, was placed on the Austrasian throne by Ebroin whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audoin (bishop)
Audoin (AD 609 – on 24 August 684; also spelled ''Audoen'', ''Ouen'', ''Owen''; la, Audoenus; known as Dado to contemporaries) was a Frankish bishop, courtier, hagiographer and saint. Life Audoin came from a wealthy aristocratic Frankish family who held lands in the upper Seine and Oise valleys. His father was Saint Authaire (Audecharius). Audoin was a first cousin of Agilbert, bishop of the West Saxons. He spent his childhood at Ussy-sur-Marne, and was then sent to be educated at the Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons. From there he went to the court of Chlothar II (d.629), where training both military and literary was given to young noblemen, he served Dagobert I as one of his referendaries (administrators). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merovingian Period
The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gaulish Romans under their rule. They conquered most of Gaul, defeating the Visigoths (507) and the Burgundians (534), and also extended their rule into Raetia (537). In Germania, the Alemanni, Bavarii and Saxons accepted their lordship. The Merovingian realm was the largest and most powerful of the states of western Europe following the breaking up of the empire of Theodoric the Great. The dynastic name, medieval Latin or ("sons of Merovech"), derives from an unattested Frankish form, akin to the attested Old English , with the final -''ing'' being a typical Germanic patronymic suffix. The name derives from King Merovech, whom many legends surround. Unlike the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies, the Merovingians never claimed descent from a god, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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