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Rye Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of rye (''Secale cereale''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral diseases {, class="wikitable" style="clear" ! colspan=2, Viral diseases , - , Barley yellow dwarf, , Barley yellow dwarf virus , - , Soilborne mosaic, , Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus , - , Wheat streak mosaic, , Wheat streak mosaic virus , - ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Lists of plant diseases, Rye Rye diseases, * Rye, diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthomonas Campestris
''Xanthomonas campestris'' is a bacterium that causes a variety of plant diseases, including "black rot" in cruciferous vegetables and bacterial wilt of turfgrass. It is also used in the commercial production of xanthan gum, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide which has many important uses, especially in the food industry. Pathovars (pv. means pathovar, a type of classification based on the host plant that is attacked by ''Xanthomonas campestris'') * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''armoraciae'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''begoniae'' A * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''begoniae'' B * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''campestris'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''cannabis'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''carota'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''corylina'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''dieffenbachiae'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''glycines'' syn. ''Xanthomonas axonopodis'' pv. ''glycines'' * ''Xanthomonas campestris'' pv. ''graminis'' * ''Xanthomon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalosporium Gramineum
''Cephalosporium gramineum'' syn. ''Hymenula cerealis'' is a plant pathogen that causes cephalosporium stripe of wheat and other grasses. It was first reported in Japan in 1930. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 50% by causing death of tillers and reducing seed production and seed size. The disease causes broad yellow or brown stripes along the length of the leaf and discolouration of the leaf veins. The fungus spreads through the soil, and enters the plant through wounds in its roots. Early planting of winter wheat when the soil is warm gives a greater root system more subject to root breakage when the soil heaves affording more infection sites. Phosphate fertilizer and high moisture further exacerbate this condition. The symptoms are caused by the fungus invading the plants' vascular tissue. The fungus also produces a toxin which causes stunting of the plant and interferes with development. A glucopolysaccharide also appears to inhibit fluid movement in wheat.Pool ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puccinia Recondita
''Puccinia recondita'' is a mushroom species belonging to the order of Pucciniales, family Pucciniaceae. Description This species occurs worldwide. Biology These fungi are endoparasites plant pathogens mainly infecting Balsaminaceae, Boraginaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae and Poaceae (especially wheat and rye). Symptoms of infestation are yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. *'' Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici'' C.O. Johnson - causes brown rust in wheat and triticale; *''Puccinia recondita f.sp. secalis'' Miedaner, Klocke, Flath, Geiger & Weber 2012 - causes brown rust of rye [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Indica
Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The smut fungus ''Tilletia indica'', a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm, leaving behind waste products with a disagreeable odor that makes bunted kernels too unpalatable for use in flour or pasta. While Karnal bunt generally does not lead to devastating crop losses, it has the potential to dramatically decrease yield and poses additional economic concerns through quarantines which limit the export of suspected infectious wheat products from certain areas, including the U.S. Several chemical control methods exist for Karnal bunt of wheat, but much work remains to be done in identifying resistant host varieties. Morphology Teliospore Teliospore ultrastructure was characterized by electron microscopy by Roberson & Luttrell in 1987. Hosts and symptoms Karnal bunt attacks durum wheat, rye, and triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye. Despite its pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neovossia Indica
Karnal bunt (also known as partial bunt) is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The smut fungus ''Tilletia indica'', a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm, leaving behind waste products with a disagreeable odor that makes bunted kernels too unpalatable for use in flour or pasta. While Karnal bunt generally does not lead to devastating crop losses, it has the potential to dramatically decrease yield and poses additional economic concerns through quarantines which limit the export of suspected infectious wheat products from certain areas, including the U.S. Several chemical control methods exist for Karnal bunt of wheat, but much work remains to be done in identifying resistant host varieties. Morphology Teliospore Teliospore ultrastructure was characterized by electron microscopy by Roberson & Luttrell in 1987. Hosts and symptoms Karnal bunt attacks durum wheat, rye, and triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye. Despite its pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenophoma Donacis
''Pseudoseptoria donacis'' is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ... infecting barley, rye and wheat. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley diseases Rye diseases Wheat diseases Ascomycota enigmatic taxa {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoseptoria Donacis
''Pseudoseptoria donacis'' is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ... infecting barley, rye and wheat. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley diseases Rye diseases Wheat diseases Ascomycota enigmatic taxa {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium Culmorum
''Fusarium culmorum'' is a fungal plant pathogen and the causal agent of seedling blight, foot rot, ear blight, stalk rot, common root rot and other diseases of cereals, grasses, and a wide variety of monocots and dicots. In coastal dunegrass (''Leymus mollis''), ''F. culmorum'' is a nonpathogenic symbiont conferring both salt and drought tolerance to the plant. Identification Colonies grow rapidly on potato dextrose agar. The aerial mycelium is whitish to yellow, tan or pale orange, but becomes brown to dark brown to red-brown with age. Under alternating conditions of light and temperature, rings of spore masses may be formed by some isolates. Macroconidia Microconidia are absent, but macroconidia are usually abundant. The sporodochia are orange to brown color and relatively common. The macroconidia are thick and bluntly pointed at their apex, and conspicuously wider above the center of the spore. The dorsal side is somewhat curved, but the ventral side is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphacelia Segetum
''Claviceps purpurea'' is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. ''C. purpurea'' most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely. Life cycle An ''ergot kernel'' called ''Sclerotium clavus'' develops when a floret of flowering grass or cereal is infected by an ascospore of ''C. purpurea''. The infection process mimics a pollen grain growing into an ovary during fertilization. Because infection requires access of the fungal spore to the stigma, plants infected by ''C. purpurea'' are mainly outcrossing species with open flowers, such as rye (''Secale cereale'') and Alopecurus. The proliferating fungal mycelium then destroys the plant ovary and connects with the vascular bundle orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claviceps Purpurea
''Claviceps purpurea'' is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. ''C. purpurea'' most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat and barley. It affects oats only rarely. Life cycle An ''ergot kernel'' called ''Sclerotium clavus'' develops when a floret of flowering grass or cereal is infected by an ascospore of ''C. purpurea''. The infection process mimics a pollen grain growing into an ovary during fertilization. Because infection requires access of the fungal spore to the stigma, plants infected by ''C. purpurea'' are mainly outcrossing species with open flowers, such as rye (''Secale cereale'') and Alopecurus. The proliferating fungal mycelium then destroys the plant ovary and connects with the vascular bundle o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergot
Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is ''Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals who consume grains contaminated with its fruiting structure (called ''ergot sclerotium''). ''Claviceps'' includes about 50 known species, mostly in the tropical regions. Economically significant species include ''C. purpurea'' (parasitic on grasses and cereals), ''C. fusiformis'' (on pearl millet, buffel grass), ''C. paspali'' (on dallis grass), ''C. africana'' (on sorghum), and ''C. lutea'' (on paspalum). ''C. purpurea'' most commonly affects outcrossing species such as rye (its most common host), as well as triticale, wheat, and barley. It affects oats only rarely. ''C. purpurea'' has at least three races or varieties, which differ in their host specificity: *G1 — land grasses of open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Controversa
''Tilletia controversa'' is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats. It stunts the growth of the plants and leaves smut balls in the grain heads. When the grain is milled the smut balls emit a fishy odor that lowers the quality of the flour. TCK smut exists in the western and northwestern United States, but is not considered a major problem. The disease took on policy significance because China applied a zero tolerance on the presence of TCK spores, resulting in a ban from 1974 to 1999 on shipments from the Pacific Northwest. Until the summer of 1996, China accepted shipments of U.S. wheat from the Gulf Coast, and negotiated price discounts with the shippers to cover the cost of decontamination if traces of TCK were found. Then in June 1996, China rejected all cargoes of U.S. wheat with traces of TCK. The November 1999 U.S.-China Agricultural Cooperation Agreement removes the ban and allows imports of U. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
