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Rump Kernel
The NetBSD rump kernel is the first implementation of the "anykernel" concept where drivers either can be compiled into or run in the monolithic kernel or in user space on top of a light-weight kernel. The NetBSD drivers can be used on top of the rump kernel on a wide range of POSIX operating systems, such as the Hurd, Linux, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris kernels and even Cygwin, along with the file system utilities built with the rump libraries. The rump kernels can also run without POSIX directly on top of the Xen hypervisor, an L4 microkernel using the Genode OS Framework or even on "OS-less" bare metal. Anykernel An anykernel is different in concept from microkernels, exokernels, partitioned kernels or hybrid kernels in that it tries to preserve the advantages of a monolithic kernel, while still enabling the faster driver development and added security in user space. The "anykernel" concept refers to an architecture-agnostic approach to drivers where drivers can either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Kernel
A separation kernel is a type of security kernel used to simulate a distributed environment. The concept was introduced by John Rushby in a 1981 paper.John Rushby, "The Design and Verification of Secure Systems," Eighth ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, pp. 12-21, Asilomar, CA, December 1981. (''ACM Operating Systems Review'', Vol. 15, No. 5). Rushby proposed the separation kernel as a solution to the difficulties and problems that had arisen in the development and verification of large, complex security kernels that were intended to "provide multilevel secure operation on general-purpose multi-user systems." According to Rushby, "the task of a separation kernel is to create an environment which is indistinguishable from that provided by a physically distributed system: it must appear as if each regime is a separate, isolated machine and that information can only flow from one machine to another along known external communication lines. One of the properties we must prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filesystem In Userspace
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a software interface for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing kernel code. This is achieved by running file system code in user space while the FUSE module provides only a bridge to the actual kernel interfaces. FUSE is available for Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD (as puffs), OpenSolaris, Minix 3, macOS, and Windows. FUSE is free software originally released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. History The FUSE system was originally part of ''AVFS'' (''A Virtual Filesystem''), a filesystem implementation heavily influenced by the translator concept of the GNU Hurd. It superseded Linux Userland Filesystem, and provided a translational interface using in libfuse1. FUSE was originally released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License, later also reimpl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cd (command)
The command, also known as (change directory), is a command-line shell command used to change the current working directory in various operating systems. It can be used in shell scripts and batch files. Implementations The command has been implemented in operating systems such as Unix, DOS, IBM OS/2, MetaComCo TRIPOS, AmigaOS (where if a bare path is given, cd is ''implied''), Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, and Linux. On MS-DOS, it is available in versions 2 and later. DR DOS 6.0 also includes an implementation of the and commands. The command is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell. It is named in HP MPE/iX. The command is analogous to the Stratus OpenVOS command. is frequently included built directly into a command-line interpreter. This is the case in most of the Unix shells (Bourne shell, tcsh, bash, etc.), cmd.exe on Microsoft Windows NT/2000+ and Windows PowerShell on Windows 7+ and COMMAND.COM on DOS/ Microsoft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mv (Unix)
mv is a Unix command that moves one or more files or directories from one place to another. If both filenames are on the same filesystem, this results in a simple file rename; otherwise the file content is copied to the new location and the old file is removed. Using mv requires the user to have write permission for the ''directories'' the file will move between. This is because mv changes the content of both directories (''i.e.'', the source and the target) involved in the move. When using the mv command on files located on the same filesystem, the file's timestamp is not updated. On UNIX implementations derived from AT&T UNIX, cp, ln and mv are implemented as a single program with hard-linked binaries. The behavior is selected from the path name argv /code>. This is a common technique by which closely related commands that have been packaged as a unit allow the user to specify the particular course of the intended action. History A command that moves a directory entry to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cp (Unix)
In computing, cp is a command in various Unix and Unix-like operating systems for copying files and directories. The command has three principal modes of operation, expressed by the types of arguments presented to the program for copying a file to another file, one or more files to a directory, or for copying entire directories to another directory. The utility further accepts various command line option flags to detail the operations performed. The two major specifications are POSIX ''cp'' and GNU ''cp''. GNU ''cp'' has many additional options over the POSIX version. The command is also available in the EFI shell. History cp was part of Version 1 Unix. The version of cp bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. Operating modes cp has three principal modes of operation. These modes are inferred from the type and count of arguments presented to the program upon invocation. *When the program has two arguments of path names t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Unix Commands
This is a list of Unix commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. List See also * List of GNU Core Utilities commands * List of GNOME applications * List of GNU packages * List of KDE applications * List of Unix daemons * List of web browsers for Unix and Unix-like operating systems * Unix philosophy The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to minimalist, modular software development. It is based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system. Early Uni ... * Footnotes External links IEEE Std 1003.1,2004 specificationsIEEE Std 1003.1,2008 specifications– configurable list of equivalent programs for *nix systems. – explains the names of many Unix commands. {{Unix commands Unix programs System administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filesystem
In computing, file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to fs) is a method and data structure that the operating system uses to control how data is Computer data storage, stored and retrieved. Without a file system, data placed in a storage medium would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of data stopped and the next began, or where any piece of data was located when it was time to retrieve it. By separating the data into pieces and giving each piece a name, the data are easily isolated and identified. Taking its name from the way a paper-based data management system is named, each group of data is called a "Computer file, file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of data and their names is called a "file system." There are many kinds of file systems, each with unique structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications. For example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtools
Mtools is an open source collection of tools to allow a Unix operating system to manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system, typically a floppy disk or floppy disk image.https://www.gnu.org/software/mtools/ Homepage The mtools are part of the GNU Project and are released under the GNU General Public License (GPL-3.0-or-later). Usage The following refers to mtools usage in floppy images. (Useful for virtual machines such as QEMU or VirtualBox.) Copying a file to floppy image: $ mcopy -i Disk.img file_source ::file_target Copying a file from floppy image to the current directory: $ mcopy -i Disk.img ::file_source file_target Deleting all files in the disk image $ mdel -i Disk.img ::*.* The drive character : (colon) has a special meaning. It is used to access image files which are directly specified on the command line using the -i options. See also * Disk image References External links mtools official pageon the GNU GNU () is an extensive collection of free so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Network Stack
The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family. Some of these terms are used interchangeably but strictly speaking, the ''suite'' is the definition of the communication protocols, and the ''stack'' is the software implementation of them. Individual protocols within a suite are often designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularization simplifies design and evaluation. Because each protocol module usually communicates with two others, they are commonly imagined as layers in a stack of protocols. The lowest protocol always deals with low-level interaction with the communications hardware. Each higher layer adds additional capabilities. User applications usually deal only with the topmost layers. General protocol suite description T ~ ~ ~ T ____ Imagine three computers: ''A'', ''B'', and ''C''. ''A'' and ''B'' both have radio equipment and can communicate via the airwaves using a suitable netw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
File System
In computing, file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to fs) is a method and data structure that the operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, data placed in a storage medium would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of data stopped and the next began, or where any piece of data was located when it was time to retrieve it. By separating the data into pieces and giving each piece a name, the data are easily isolated and identified. Taking its name from the way a paper-based data management system is named, each group of data is called a " file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of data and their names is called a "file system." There are many kinds of file systems, each with unique structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications. For example, the ISO 9660 file system is desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monolithic Kernel
A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space. The monolithic model differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) in that it alone defines a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware. A set of primitives or system calls implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management. Device drivers can be added to the kernel as modules. Loadable modules Modular operating systems such as OS-9 and most modern monolithic operating systems such as OpenVMS, Linux, BSD, SunOS, AIX, and MULTICS can dynamically load (and unload) executable modules at runtime. This modularity of the operating system is at the binary (image) level and not at the architecture level. Modular monolithic operating systems are not to be confused with the architectural level of modularity inherent in server-client operating systems (and its de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
