Rulebook Of Planetary Pictures
Sports The Laws of the Game may refer to the codified rules of a number of different sports: *Laws of the Game (association football) *Laws of Australian rules football *Bandy Playing Rules * Rules of chess * Laws of cricket * Laws of rugby league * Laws of rugby union Other uses ''The Laws of the Game'', title of a book by Manfred Eigen and Ruthild Winkler See also * Laws of football (other) * Sports law "Unprintworthy" redirects are redirect pages on Wikipedia that aid online navigation, but would have little or no value as pointers to target articles in a hard-copy book. The name of a redirect may be unprintworthy for a number of reasons, incl ...

Laws Of The Game (association Football)
The Laws of the Game are the codified rules of association football. The laws mention the number of players a team should have, the game length, the size of the field and ball, the type and nature of fouls that referees may penalize, the offside law, and many other laws that define the sport. During a match, it is the task of the referee to interpret and enforce the Laws of the Game. There were various attempts to codify rules among the various types of football in the mid-19th century. The extant Laws date back to 1863 where a ruleset was formally adopted by the newly formed Football Association. Over time, the Laws have been amended, and since 1886 they have been maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Laws are the only rules of association football FIFA permits its members to use. The Laws currently allow some minor optional variations which can be implemented by national football associations, including some for play at the lowest levels, but ...
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Laws Of Australian Rules Football
The laws of Australian rules football were first created by the Melbourne Football Club in 1859 and have been refined over the years as the sport evolved into its modern form. The laws significantly predate the advent of a governing body for the sport. The first national and international body, the Australasian Football Council (AFC), was formed in 1905 and became responsible for the laws, although individual leagues retained a wide discretion to vary them. Since 1994, after the establishment of a nation-wide Australian Football League (AFL), the rules for the game have been maintained by the AFL Commission through its AFL Competition Committee. Australian rules football is a contact sport played between two teams of eighteen players on an oval-shaped field, often a modified cricket ground. Points are scored by kicking the oval-shaped ball between goal posts (worth six points) or between behind posts (worth one point). During general play, players may position themselves an ...
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Bandy Playing Rules
Bandy Playing Rules is the name of the rule book for bandy, edited by the Federation of International Bandy. The rule book is available online. The current book was adopted in September 2013. The rule book and the rules are overseen by the Rules and Referee Committee. History The first rules for bandy was developed and written down in the late 19th century in England, by Charles Goodman Tebbutt, and later on in Russia. The two rule books had some differences but were similar enough that the game can be seen as being the same. At the time, the rules of ice hockey were also more similar with the bandy rules than they are today. The English rules of bandy were adopted in Sweden, Finland and Norway, where bandy survived while it died out in England and continental Europe in the early 20th century. In the 1930s, Sweden, Finland and Norway started to cooperate on the development of the rules, so they would be the same in all three countries. The demonstration of bandy at the 1952 Winter ...
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Laws Of Cricket
The ''Laws of Cricket'' is a code which specifies the rules of the game of cricket worldwide. The earliest known code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. There are currently 42 Laws (always written with a capital "L") which outline all aspects of how the game is to be played. MCC has re-coded the Laws six times, the seventh and latest code being released in October 2017. The 2nd edition of the 2017 Code came into force on 1 April 2019. The first six codes prior to 2017 were all subject to interim revisions and so exist in more than one version. MCC is a private club which was formerly cricket's official governing body, a role now fulfilled by the International Cricket Council (ICC). MCC retains copyright in the Laws and only the MCC may change the Laws, although usually this is only done after close consultation with the ICC and other interested parties such as the Association of Crick ...
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Laws Of Rugby League
In rugby league football, the Laws of the Game are the rules governing how the sport is played. RLIF, 2004: 1 ARL, 2009: 1 The Laws are the responsibility of the Rugby League International Federation, and cover the play, officiating, equipment and procedures of the game. The Laws have undergone significant changes since pioneers of the sport broke away from the Rugby football establishment in 1895. The sport has been described as a "constantly evolving animal, particularly with professional coaches, ith whichthe rules have to keep pace". Laws The current ''Laws of the Game'' and ''Notes on the Laws'' are set out in 17 sections: * Section  1: Playing Field * Section  2: Glossary * Section  3: Ball * Section  4: Player and Players' Equipment * Section  5: Mode of Play * Section  6: Scoring * Section  7: Timekeeping * Section  8: Kick-off and Drop-out * Section  9: Touch and Touch in-Goal * S ...
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Laws Of Rugby Union
The laws of Rugby Union are defined by World Rugby (originally the International Rugby Football Board, and later International Rugby Board) and dictate how the game should be played. They are enforced by a referee, generally with the help of two assistant referees. When playing a game of Rugby Union the overall objective is to score more points than the opposition through tries and goals. A try worth five points is scored when a team grounds the ball in the opposition's in-goal. A conversion (kick at a goal) is then attempted by either place- or drop-kicking the ball between the H-shaped goal posts and above the crossbar. If successful this is worth two extra points. Penalties are awarded for major infringements such as offside or foul play and the team that is awarded them can choose to take a shot at goal in an attempt to score three points. They can also use the penalty to kick for territory or tap the ball and continue running it. Three points are awarded if a team member dr ...
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Manfred Eigen
Manfred Eigen (; 9 May 1927 – 6 February 2019) was a German Biophysical chemistry, biophysical chemist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on measuring fast chemical reactions. Eigen's research helped solve major problems in physical chemistry and aided in the understanding of chemical processes that occur in living organisms. In later years, he explored the biochemical roots of life and evolution. He worked to install a multidisciplinary program at the Max Planck Institute to study the underpinnings of life at the molecular level. His work was hailed for creating a new scientific and technological discipline: evolutionary biotechnology. Education and early life Eigen was born on 9 May 1927 in Bochum, the son of Hedwig (Feld) and Ernst Eigen, a chamber musician. As a child he developed a deep passion for music, and studied piano. World War II interrupted his formal education. At age fifteen he was drafted into service in a German antiaircraft unit. He was ca ...
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Ruthild Winkler
Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitsch (born 1941, also known as Ruthild Oswatitsch Eigen) is an Austrian biochemist associated with the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Germany, and known for two books she coauthored with Nobel prize winner Manfred Eigen. Her research has concerned fast biochemical reactions, game-theoretic models for molecular evolution, and the use of sequence analysis of DNA and RNA in studying the early history of biological evolution. Education and career Winkler is the daughter of , an Austrian physicist who worked at the Aerodynamics Research Institute in Göttingen at the time of her birth. After World War II, her father moved to Stockholm, where she grew up. She began her studies in chemistry at TU Wien TU Wien (TUW; german: Technische Universität Wien; still known in English as the Vienna University of Technology from 1975–2014) is one of the major universities in Vienna, Austria. The university finds high international and domestic recogn . ...
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Laws Of Football (other)
Laws of football may refer to: * Laws of rugby league * Laws of rugby union * Laws of the Game (association football) * Laws of Australian rules football * American football rules Gameplay in American football consists of a series of ''Down (gridiron football), downs'', individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is ''dead'' or not in play. These can be Play from scrimmage, plays from scrimmage – passe ...