Rota (The Oath)
''Rota'' ("The Oath") is an early 20th-century Poland, Polish poem, as well as a celebratory anthem, once proposed to be the Polish national anthem. ''Rotas lyrics were written in 1908 by activist for Polish independence, poet Maria Konopnicka as a protest against German Empire's policies of forced Germanization of Poles. Konopnicka wrote ''Rota'' in 1908 while staying in Cieszyn. The poem was published for the first time in ''Gwiazdka Cieszyńska'' newspaper on 7 November. The music was composed two years later by composer, conductor and concert organist, Feliks Nowowiejski. History Konopnicka's poem came into being as a protest against the Germany, German Empire's oppression and suppression of Polish culture in Partitions of Poland, German-occupied western Poland — lands that from the late 18th century after the Polish Partitions, Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1918 were under Prussian — and later, Germany, German — rule. During the Prussian and German ...
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