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Rosyth Command
The Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland (FOSNI) was a senior post in the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. It was based at HM Naval Base Clyde, and the holder of the post was the Royal Navy’s senior officer in Scotland. The post of FOSNI, dating from 1946, was re-scoped and re-named in 1994 to Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England & Northern Ireland (FOSNNI), then named back in 2015, before being dis-established in 2020. History The Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland was the most senior naval position in Scotland and is the successor to appointments starting with the Senior Officer on the Coast of Scotland, established in 1913, just prior to the outbreak of the First World War. The title was altered to Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth in 1916. From 1946 the post became the Flag Officer Scotland & Northern Ireland. Between 1961 and 1994 the Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland was triple-hatted as Commander Northern Sub-Area (NORLANT) of Allied Command Atlantic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Command (military Formation)
A command in military terminology is an organisational unit for which a military commander is responsible. Commands, sometimes called units or formations, form the building blocks of a military. A commander is normally specifically appointed to the role in order to provide a legal framework for the authority bestowed. Naval and military officers have legal authority by virtue of their officer's commission, but the specific responsibilities and privileges of command are derived from the publication of appointment. The relevant definition of "command" according to the US Department of Defense is as follows:United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms See also *Chain of command *Command and control * Military organization *Tactical formation *Unit cohesion Unit cohesion is a military concept, defined by one former United States Chief of staff in the early 1980s as "the bonding together of soldiers in such a way as to su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Cameron (Royal Navy Officer)
Admiral John Ewen Cameron CB MVO (15 June 1874 – 28 July 1939) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland. Naval career Born in London, Cameron was commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1887 and went on to fight in the Second Boer War.Admiral John Ewen Cameron The Peerage.com He served in and took part in the Battle of Jutland as Captain of the cruiser [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humphrey Bowring
Admiral Humphrey Wykeham Bowring CB DSO (18 April 1874 – 21 February 1952) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland. Naval career Born the son of the industrialist John Charles Bowring, Bowring joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1887, took part in the Witu expedition in 1890 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1895. He served in World War I as Captain of the cruiser HMS ''Arrogant'' and then of the cruiser HMS ''Aurora''Captains commanding Royal Navy Warships and acted as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Dover Patrol. After the War he commanded the battleship [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Cowan
Admiral Sir Walter Henry Cowan, 1st Baronet, (11 June 1871 – 14 February 1956), known as Tich Cowan, was a Royal Navy officer who saw service in both the First and Second World Wars; in the latter he was one of the oldest British servicemen on active duty. Early life Cowan was born in Crickhowell, in Brecknockshire, Wales, on 11 June 1871, the eldest son of Walter Frederick James Cowan, an officer in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. After his father's retirement from the British Army, the family settled in Alveston, Warwickshire, where his father became a justice of the peace. Cowan never went to school, but entered the Royal Navy in 1884 at the training ship, HMS ''Britannia'', a classmate to fellow future admiral David Beatty. Early service career In 1886, as midshipmen, Cowan and Beatty joined , flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet. Cowan saw service in Benin and Nigeria in 1887. He fell sick and was invalided home after less than a year, but later rejoined ''Alexandra'', ret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt, 1st Baronet
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Reginald Yorke Tyrwhitt, 1st Baronet, (; 10 May 1870 – 30 May 1951) was a Royal Navy officer. During the First World War he served as commander of the Harwich Force. He led a supporting naval force of 31 destroyers and two cruisers at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, in which action the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron under Sir David Beatty sank three German cruisers and one German destroyer with minimal loss of allied warships. Tyrwhitt also led the British naval forces during the Cuxhaven Raid in December 1914, when British seaplanes destroyed German Zeppelin airships and at the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, in which action Tyrwhitt again supported Beatty's powerful battlecruiser squadron. After the war, Tyrwhitt went on to be Senior Naval Officer, Gibraltar, commander of the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet and then Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland. He also served as Commander-in-Chief, China during a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Green (Royal Navy Officer)
Admiral Sir John Frederick Ernest Green, (8 August 1866 – 30 October 1948) was a Royal Navy officer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He saw service in the Boxer Rebellion, First World War (including the Battle of Jutland), and the North Russia Intervention in the Russian Civil War. Late in his career, he became Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Scotland. Birth Green was born in Lee, Kent, England, on 8 August 1866. He was the son of Henry Green. Naval career Early career Green took the examination for naval cadetships successfully in July 1879, and joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1882. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 January 1890 and went on to command the gunboat during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, for which role he was mentioned in despatches and received a special promotion to commander on 1 January 1901. He was appointed in command of the destroyer on 13 June 1901, and used her as his flagship when he was in charge of the Medway Instructional Flotilla. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Heath
Admiral Sir Herbert Leopold Heath, (27 December 1861 – 22 October 1954) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy who served as Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel from 1917 to 1919. Military career Born the son of Vice Admiral Sir Leopold Heath and educated at Brighton College, Heath was commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1874. In 1877 he took part in an engagement with the Peruvian rebel ship ''Huáscar''. He was on board the battleship, , when it was involved in a collision with the battleship, , and sank in 1893 with the loss of 372 lives. He led a party that tried to patch the hole in ''Victoria'', but the ship was sinking too quickly for repairs. Heath was promoted captain on 1 January 1902, and later that year was appointed Assistant-Director of Naval Intelligence at the Admiralty. In 1904 he was made commanding officer of the torpedo boat depot ship, , in the Mediterranean. Later he commanded the battleship, , and the cruiser, . In 1908 he became naval attac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecil Burney
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cecil Burney, 1st Baronet, (15 May 1858 – 5 June 1929) was a Royal Navy officer. After seeing action as a junior office in naval brigades during both the Anglo-Egyptian War and the Mahdist War, he commanded a cruiser in operational service during the Second Boer War. As a flag officer he commanded the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet, the 5th Cruiser Squadron, the Atlantic Fleet and then the 3rd Battle Squadron. In April 1913 Montenegro seized control of Scutari in the latest round of hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro during the closing stages of the First Balkan War. In April 1913 Burney was sent as temporary Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet to Antivari on the coast of Montenegro to take command of the international naval force despatched to deal with this situation. On arrival he blockaded Antivari and then also commanded the international force occupying Scutari as part of its transition to Albanian control. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Hamilton (Royal Navy Officer)
Admiral Sir Frederick Tower Hamilton (8 March 1856 – 4 October 1917) was a senior Royal Navy officer who went on to be Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel. Naval career Hamilton joined the Royal Navy in 1869 as a cadet on the training ship Britannia. He fought in Naval Brigade in the Zulu War in 1879, for which service he was mentioned in despatches. After promotion to Lieutenant he specialised into the Torpedo Branch and in 1884 after training was appointed a staff officer at the Torpedo Schoolship HMS Vernon. In 1892 he was promoted to commander and serving aboard the battleship HMS ''Hood''. He was appointed in command of the torpedo school ship HMS ''Defiance'' at Devonport on 1 November 1897, promoted to captain on 1 January 1898, and re-appointed in command of the ''Defiance'' the same day. On 18 March 1902 he was appointed flag captain of the battleship HMS ''Bulwark'', which in May was to become flagship of Admiral Sir Compton Domvile, Commander-in-Chief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Lowry (Royal Navy Officer)
Admiral Sir Robert Swinburne Lowry (4 March 1854 – 29 May 1920) was a Royal Navy officer who became Admiral Commanding on the Coast of Scotland. Early life Lowry was the eldest son of Emily Rohesia (née Ward) and Lieutenant General Robert William Lowry. He was educated at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Naval career While a Midshipman, he was one of three crew of HMS Invincible to be awarded a Royal Humane Society Bronze award for saving a life off the coast of Gibraltar. Lowry was made a lieutenant in the Royal Navy on 15 October 1875. Lowry while still a lieutenant as the first to suggest the use of large-scale underway replenishment techniques in an 1883 paper to the think tank Royal United Services Institute. He argued that a successful system would provide a minimum rate of 20 tons per hour while the ships maintain a speed of five knots. His proposal was for transfer to be effected through watertight coal carriers suspended from a cable between the two ships. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Convoys
The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, sailing via several seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with two gaps with no sailings between July and September 1942, and March and November 1943. About 1,400 merchant ships delivered essential supplies to the Soviet Union under the Anglo-Soviet agreement and US Lend-Lease program, escorted by ships of the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, and the U.S. Navy. Eighty-five merchant vessels and 16 Royal Navy warships (two cruisers, six destroyers, eight other escort ships) were lost. Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' lost a number of vessels including one battleship, three destroyers, 30 U-boats, and many aircraft. The convoys demonstrated the Allies' commitment to helping the Soviet Union, prior to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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