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Rosugol
Rosugol (russian: Росуголь) was a state-owned coal producer in Russia. It controlled 232 mines, 65 open-cast mines and 68 coal preparation plants. In 1995, it was the fourth largest company in the country by revenue. Yuri Malyshev was the company's chairman. Rosugol was established in March 1993 by the Russian government. Created as a successor to the Soviet Ministry of Coal Industry, it retained many of its functions. It operated as a national coal monopoly, and its functions included allocating subsidies to mines. As part of the country's transition to a market economy, Rosugol classified mining operation based on their economic viability. Those deemed unlikely to survive market conditions were closed down, with miners being relocated to other regions. In 1994, the Russian government allocated $2.8 billion on direct subsidies to the sector through Rosugol, or more than 1% of the country's GDP. Part of the support came from the World Bank The World Bank is an internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-cast Mine
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth from an open-air pit, sometimes known as a borrow. This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface. It is applied to ore or rocks found at the surface because the overburden is relatively thin or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for tunnelling (as would be the case for cinder, sand, and gravel). In contrast, minerals that have been found underground but are difficult to retrieve due to hard rock, can be reached using a form of underground mining. To create an open-pit mine, the miners must determine the information of the ore that is underground. This is done through drilling of probe holes in the ground, then plotting eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Russia
The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation". The Apparatus of the Government of Russia is a governmental body which administrates the activities of the government. According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 constitution, the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia. According to the current 1993 constitution, the president is not a part of the government of Russia, which exercises executive power. However, the president appoints the prime minister. History The large body was preceded by Government of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian Federation emerged from 1991 to 1992, the government's structure has undergone several m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Coal Industry
The Ministry of Coal Industry (Minugleprom; russian: Министерство угольной промышленности СССР) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union. A ukase of the Presidium Supreme Soviet USSR of 28 December 1948 created the all-union Ministry of the Coal Industry USSR by merging the Ministry of the Coal Industry of Western Regions USSR, the Ministry of the Coal Industry of Eastern Regions USSR, and the Ministry for Construction of Fuel Enterprises USSR. Early Soviet predecessor-organisations included the Main Fuel Administration ( ru , Главное топливное управление («Главтоп») , translit = Glavnoe toplivoe upravlenie - Glavtop), founded in 1918. The Soviet coal industry formed part of the all-union People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry (established in 1932). A ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 24 January 1939 established the all-union People's Commissariat of Fuel Industry, which inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the Sustainable Development Goals as well as environmental and social safeguards. , the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Energy (Russia)
The Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation is, since 2008, the Russian federal ministry responsible for energy policy. This ministry was created in May 2008 as part of a reorganization by the incoming government of President Dmitry Medvedev. It is headquartered in Moscow. The former Ministry of Industry and Energy was turned into the Ministry of Industry, whose present Minister is Viktor Khristenko, gaining responsibility for trade policy from the former Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, but losing responsibility for energy policy, which was split off into the new Ministry of Energy. The former Federal Agency for Energy ( Rosenergo) was also merged into the new Ministry of Energy. Ministers References External links Official Site Energy In physics, energy (from Ancient Greek: ἐνέργεια, ''enérgeia'', “activity”) is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the perform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Companies Of Russia
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. Many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution. With the invention of the steam engine, coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. Some iron a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
