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Ross Island (Manitoba)
Ross Island is an island formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea near the continent of Antarctica, off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound. Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency, an area of Antarctica claimed by New Zealand. History Discovery Sir James Ross discovered it in 1840, and it was later named in honour of him by Robert F. Scott. Ross Island was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica. It is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still standing on the island, preserved as historical sites. Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand's Scott Base, and the largest Antarctic settlement, the U.S. Antarctic Program's McMurdo Station. Greenpeace established World Park Base on the island and ran it for five years, from 1987 to 1992. Geography Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes taken to be part of the Antarctic mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning network, founded in Canada in 1971 by Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, immigrant environmental activists from the United States. Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" and focuses its campaigning on worldwide issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering, and anti-nuclear issues. It uses direct action, lobbying, research, and ecotage to achieve its goals. The network comprises 26 independent national/regional organisations in over 55 countries across Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, as well as a co-ordinating body, Greenpeace International, based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The global network does not accept funding from governments, corporations, or political parties, relying on three million individual supporters and foundation grants. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyle Cone
Kyle Cone () is an exposed volcanic cone near Cape Crozier, located west-northwest of the summit of The Knoll in eastern Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Philip R. Kyle, a geologist with the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition, which examined the cone in the 1969–70 season. See also * Kyle Peak Kyle Peak is a peak northeast of Mount McCarthy, rising to about in the Barker Range of the Victory Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee after geologist Philip R. Kyle, who worked ... References Volcanoes of Ross Island {{RossIsland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamble Cone
Gamble Cone () is a cone south-southeast of Post Office Hill in the Kyle Hills of Ross Island. The feature rises to about . At the suggestion of P.R. Kyle, it was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2000) after John A. Gamble, a geologist at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, who participated in three United States Antarctic Program field projects under Kyle's leadership, 1981–82, 1982–83, and 1984–85. He later worked with the New Zealand Antarctic Programme on the West Antarctic Volcano Exploration, 1989–90, a collaborative US–UK–NZ effort in Marie Byrd Land, and did extensive work on xenoliths that occur in volcanic rocks, including work at Cape Crozier and Cape Bird Cape Bird () is a cape which marks the north extremity of Ross Island in Antarctica. It was discovered in 1841 by a British expedition under James Clark Ross, and named by him after Lieutenant Edward J. Bird of the ship HMS ''Erebus''. Cape Bird ... on Ross Island. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbott Peak (Antarctica)
Abbott Peak (), also known as Abbotts, Dimitri or Demetri's Peak, is a pyramidal peak on Ross Island, on the north side of Mount Erebus, between it and Mount Bird. Charted by the British Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, 1910–13, and named after Petty Officer A petty officer (PO) is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotation OR-5 or OR-6. In many nations, they are typically equal to a sergeant in comparison to other military branches. Often they may be superior ... George P. Abbott, a member of the expedition. Mountains of Ross Island {{RossIsland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endeavour Piedmont Glacier
Endeavour Piedmont Glacier is a piedmont glacier, long and wide, between the southwest part of Mount Bird and Micou Point, Ross Island. In association with the names of expedition ships grouped on this island, it was named after HMNZS Endeavour (A184), HMNZS ''Endeavour'', a tanker/supply ship which for at least 10 seasons, 1962–63 to 1971–72, transported bulk petroleum products and cargo to Scott Base and McMurdo Station on Ross Island. See also * List of glaciers in the Antarctic * Glaciology References Glaciers of Ross Island {{RossDependency-glacier-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shell Glacier
Shell Glacier () is a western lobe of the Mount Bird icecap. It descends steeply in the valley north of Trachyte Hill and Harrison Bluff in the center of the ice-free area on the lower western slopes of Mount Bird, Ross Island. Mapped and so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Features named by the expeditions 1957 ... (NZGSAE), 1958–59, because of the marine shell content of the moraines. Glaciers of Ross Island {{RossDependency-glacier-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Bird
Mount Bird is a high shield volcano standing about south of Cape Bird, the northern extremity of Ross Island. It was mapped by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, under Robert Falcon Scott, and apparently named by them after Cape Bird. Endeavour Piedmont Glacier lies on its slopes. There are several western lobes of the Mount Bird icecap. One of these is Quaternary Icefall, which descends steeply into Wohlschlag Bay 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Cinder Hill. The site was mapped and so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, because of the Quaternary glacial period marine shells carried by the glacier and deposited in terminal moraines. Another such lobe is Shell Glacier. See also *List of volcanoes in Antarctica This is a list of volcanoes in Antarctica. Table A 2017 study claimed to have found 138 volcanoes, of which 91 were previously unknown. Some volcanoes are entirely under the ice sheet. Unconfirmed volc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Terror (1813)
HMS ''Terror'' was a specialised warship and a newly developed bomb vessel constructed for the Royal Navy in 1813. She participated in several battles of the War of 1812, including the Battle of Baltimore with the bombardment of Fort McHenry. She was converted into a polar exploration ship two decades later, and participated in George Back's Arctic expedition of 1836–1837, the successful Ross expedition to the Antarctic of 1839 to 1843, and Sir John Franklin's ill-fated attempt to force the Northwest Passage in 1845, during which she was lost with all hands along with . On 12 September 2016, the Arctic Research Foundation announced that the wreck of ''Terror'' had been found in Nunavut's Terror Bay, off the southwest coast of King William Island. The wreck was discovered south of the location where the ship was reported abandoned, and some from the wreck of HMS ''Erebus'', discovered in 2014. Early history and military service HMS ''Terror'' was a bomb ship built over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Erebus (1826)
HMS ''Erebus'' was a constructed by the Royal Navy in Pembroke dockyard, Wales, in 1826. The vessel was the second in the Royal Navy named after Erebus, the personification of darkness in Greek mythology. The 372-ton ship was armed with two mortars – one and one – and 10 guns. The ship took part in the Ross expedition of 1839–1843, and was abandoned in 1848 during the third Franklin expedition. The sunken wreck was discovered by the Canadian Victoria Strait expedition in September 2014. Ross expedition After two years' service in the Mediterranean Sea, ''Erebus'' was refitted as an exploration vessel for Antarctic service, and on 21 November 1840 – captained by James Clark Ross – she departed from Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) for Antarctica in company with HMS ''Terror''. In January 1841, the crews of both ships landed on Victoria Land, and proceeded to name areas of the landscape after British politicians, scientists, and acquaintances. Mount E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Terror (Antarctica)
Mount Terror is a large shield volcano that forms the eastern part of Ross Island, Antarctica. It has numerous cinder cones and domes on the flanks of the shield and is mostly under snow and ice. It is the second largest of the four volcanoes that make up Ross Island and is somewhat overshadowed by its neighbour, Mount Erebus, to the west. Mount Terror was named in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross for his second ship, HMS ''Terror''. The captain of ''Terror'' was Francis Crozier, a close friend of Ross for whom the nearby Cape Crozier is named. Geography The rocks at the summit have not been studied, but rocks from the lower areas range from 0.82 to 1.75 million years old, and Mount Terror shows no signs of more recent volcanic activity. The first ascent of Mt. Terror was made by a New Zealand party in 1959. Terror Point (), located just below Mt. Terror, is the eastern limit of Fog Bay, WNW of Cape MacKay on Ross Island. The name was first used by members of the British Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Sheet
In glaciology, an ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the Last Glacial Period at Last Glacial Maximum, the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered Northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America. Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers. Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km2 are termed an ice cap. An ice cap will typically feed a series of glaciers around its periphery. Although the surface is cold, the base of an ice sheet is generally warmer due to geothermal heat. In places, melting occurs and the melt-water lubricates the ice sheet so that it flows more rapidly. This process produces fast-flowing channels in the ice sheet — these are ice streams. The present-day polar ice sheets are relatively young in geol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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