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Rosellinia Bunodes
''Rosellinia bunodes'' is a plant pathogen infecting several hosts including avocados, bananas, cacao and tea. ''Rosellinia bunodes'' is the causal agent of black root rot of many herbaceous and woody perennials in both tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.Castro, B.L., Carreno, A.J., Galeano, N.F., Roux., J., Wingfield, M.J., & Gaitan, A.L. (2013). Identification and genetic diversity of ''Rosellinia'' spp. associated with root rot of coffee in Colombia. ''Australian Plant Pathology'', 42, 515-523. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-013-0205-3. Closely related species – namely ''R. pepo'' and ''R. nectarix'' – cause symptomatically similar diseases, but distinguishing between species can be quite difficult without the help of molecular (DNA) analysis, since survival structures are rarely observed in both the field and laboratory.dos Santos, A.F., Thomazi, H., Duarte, H.S.S., Machado, E.B., Silva, C.N., & Tessmann, D.J. (2017). First report of root rot caused by ''Rosell ...
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List Of Avocado Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of avocados (''Persea americana''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viruslike diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Avocados Avocado The avocado (''Persea americana'') is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family ( Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for ... List ...
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Trichoderma
''Trichoderma'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae that is present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi. Many species in this genus can be characterized as opportunistic avirulent plant symbionts. This refers to the ability of several ''Trichoderma ''species to form mutualistic endophytic relationships with several plant species. The genomes of several ''Trichoderma'' species'' ''have been sequenced and are publicly available from the JGI. Taxonomy The genus was described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1794, but the taxonomy has remained difficult to resolve. For a long time, it was considered to consist of only one species, ''Trichoderma viride'', named for producing green mold. Subdivision In 1991, Bissett divided the genus into five sections, partly based on the aggregate species described by Rifai: *''Pachybasium'' (20 species) *''Longibrachiatum'' (10 species) *''Trichoderma'' *''Saturnisporum'' (2 species) *''Hypocreanum'' ...
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Cacao Diseases
Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...". Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases Nematodes, parasitic Parasitic plants Viral and viroid diseases References {{reflist Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological SocietyGuide to cocoa pests and their management. List Cocoa production Cacao ...
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Banana Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of bananas and plantains (''Musa'' spp.). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viral diseases Nematodes, parasitic Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Banana Banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ... ...
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Avocado Tree Diseases
The avocado (''Persea americana'') is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family ( Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries. Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year. The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purpl ...
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Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ...
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Entrophospora
''Entrophospora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Acaulosporaceae of the Glomeromycota. The name is derived from the Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ... words ''en'' (within), ''trophos'' (nourished or reared), and ''spora'' (spore). The generic description was emended in 2011. References External links * Diversisporales Fungus genera {{glomeromycota-stub ...
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Glomus (fungus)
''Glomus'' is a genus of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and all species form symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizae) with plant roots. ''Glomus'' is the largest genus of AM fungi, with ''ca.'' 85 species described, but is currently defined as non-monophyletic. Classification ''Glomus'' is one of the genera in the family Glomeraceae, in the division Glomeromycota. Some members of the genus were originally described as ''Sclerocystis'' species, but this genus has been entirely transferred to ''Glomus''. However, further taxonomic changes are likely as the phylogeny of AM fungi becomes better understood. ''Glomus'' is likely related to the fossil fungus '' Glomites'', discovered in the Rhynie chert deposits from the Early Devonian (400 million years ago). Ecology As with other AM fungi, all ''Glomus'' species are thought to be obligate symbionts, dependent on their mycorrhizal association with plant roots to complete their life cycle. They cannot be cultured in the laboratory i ...
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Clonostachys (fungus)
''Clonostachys'' is a genus of fungi in the order Hypocreales and family Bionectriaceae. '' Clonostachys rosea f. rosea'' is of interest as a biological pest control agent. Species The following are currently (2022) included by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ... (with known other isolates yet to be described): # '' Clonostachys agarwalii'' (Kushwaha) Schroers # '' Clonostachys apocyni'' (Peck) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous # '' Clonostachys aranearum'' Wan H.Chen, Y.F.Han, J.D.Liang, X.Zou, Z.Q.Liang & D.C.Jin # ''Clonostachys araucaria'' # '' Clonostachys asymmetrica'' (Samuels) Schroers # '' Clonostachys aurantia'' (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman, L.Lombard & Crous # ''Clonostachys aureofulvella'' # '' Clonostachys blumenaviae ...
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Soil Fertility
Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.Bodenfruchtbarkeit
Retrieved on 2015-11-09.
It also refers to the soil's ability to supply plant/crop nutrients in the right quantities and qualities over a sustained period of time.A fertile soil has the following properties: * The ability to supply essential plant nutrients and water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and * The absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth e.g Fe^2+ which leads to nutrient toxicity. The following properties contribute to soil fertilit ...
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List Of Banana And Plantain Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of bananas and plantain Plantain may refer to: Plants and fruits * Cooking banana, banana cultivars in the genus ''Musa'' whose fruits are generally used in cooking ** True plantains, a group of cultivars of the genus ''Musa'' * ''Plantaginaceae'', a family of flowerin ...s (''Musa'' spp.). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viral diseases Nematodes, parasitic Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{Banana Banana ...
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Ascocarp
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks ...
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