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Root Rot
Root rot is a condition in which anoxic conditions in the soil or potting media around the roots of a plant cause them to rot. This occurs due to excessive standing water around the roots. It is found in both indoor and outdoor plants, although it is more common in indoor plants due to overwatering, heavy potting media, or containers with poor drainage. The leaves of plants experiencing root rot often yellow and die, and if allowed to continue, the condition can be fatal. To avoid root rot, it is best to only water plants when the soil becomes dry, and to put the plant in a well-drained pot. Using a dense potting media such as one dug up from outdoors can also cause root rot. Plants from different environments have different tolerances for soil moisture: plants evolved for desert conditions will experience root rot at lower moisture levels than plants evolved for tropical conditions. In both indoor and outdoor plants, it can be lethal and there is no effective treatment, though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Root Rot In Cicer Arietinum (hydro-grown)
In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the surface of the soil, but roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water. Function The major functions of roots are absorption of water, plant nutrition and anchoring of the plant body to the ground. Anatomy Root morphology is divided into four zones: the root cap, the apical meristem, the elongation zone, and the hair. The root cap of new roots helps the root penetrate the soil. These root caps are sloughed off as the root goes deeper creating a slimy surface that provides lubrication. The apical meristem behind the root cap produces new root cells that elongate. Then, root hairs form that absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil. The first root in seed producing plants is the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Stone
An airstone, also called an aquarium bubbler, is a piece of aquarium furniture, traditionally a piece of limewood or porous stone, whose purpose is to gradually diffuse air into the tank, eliminating the noise and large bubbles of conventional air filtration systems, and providing other benefits to the health of the fish. "Airstone" is also a brand name stone or brick veneer used by homebuilders. Airstones are sold in a very wide variety of shapes, sizes, and levels of coarseness – from extremely rough, producing larger (though still typically unnoticeable) bubbles and letting in more oxygen – to very fine, producing minuscule bubbles. Airstones are increasingly being made from bonded glass beads and synthetic products like fiberglass. There is some controversy as to the efficiency of airstones versus the conventional powerhead system when used in uplift tubes as part of an under-gravel filter. Arguments can be made in favor of both systems, and both possess certain advantages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Pathology
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other Plant defense against herbivory, pests that affect plant health by eating Plant tissue, plant tissues. Plant pathology also involves the study of pathogen identification, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, plant disease epidemiology, plant disease resistance, how plant diseases affect humans and animals, pathosystem genetics, and management of plant diseases. Overview Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoctonia
''Rhizoctonia'' is a genus of fungi in the order Cantharellales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps (fruit bodies), but are most frequently found in their sterile, anamorphic state. ''Rhizoctonia'' species are saprotrophic, but some are also facultative plant pathogens, causing commercially important crop diseases. Some are also endomycorrhizal associates of orchids. The genus name was formerly used to accommodate many superficially similar, but unrelated fungi. Taxonomy History Anamorphs ''Rhizoctonia'' was introduced in 1815 by French mycologist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle for anamorphic plant pathogenic fungi that produce both hyphae and sclerotia. The name is derived from Ancient Greek, ῥίζα (''rhiza'', "root") + κτόνος (''ktonos'', "murder"), and de Candolle's original species, ''Rhizoctonia crocorum'' (teleomorph ''Helicobasidium purpureum''), is the causal agent of violet root rot of carrots and other root vegetables. Subsequent authors added ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythium
''Pythium'' is a genus of parasitic oomycetes. They were formerly classified as fungi. Most species are plant parasites, but ''Pythium insidiosum'' is an important pathogen of animals, causing pythiosis. The feet of the fungus gnat are frequently a vector for their transmission. Morphology ;Hyphae: ''Pythium'' species, like others in the family Pythiaceae, are usually characterized by their production of coenocytic hyphae without septations. ;Oogonia: Generally contain a single oospore. ;Antheridia: Contain an elongated and club-shaped antheridium. Ecological importance ''Pythium''-induced root rot is a common crop disease. When the organism kills newly emerged or emerging seedlings, it is known as damping off, and is a very common problem in fields and greenhouses. Thus there is tremendous interest in genetic host resistance, but no crop has ever developed adequate resistance to ''Pythium''. This disease complex usually involves other pathogens such as ''Phytophthora'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scytinostroma Galactinum
''Scytinostroma galactinum'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple fruit tree, trees are agriculture, cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, wh ...s. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Russulales Fungi described in 1851 Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosellinia Necatrix
''Rosellinia necatrix'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting several hosts including apples, apricots, avocados, cassava, strawberries, pears, hop A hop is a type of jump. Hop or hops may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Hop'' (film), a 2011 film * Hop! Channel, an Israeli TV channel * ''House of Payne'', or ''HOP'', an American sitcom * Lindy Hop, a swing dance of the 1920s and .... citruses and '' Narcissus'', causing white root rot. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Apple tree diseases Stone fruit tree diseases Pear tree diseases Avocado tree diseases Root vegetable diseases Fungal strawberry diseases Food plant pathogens and diseases Fungal citrus diseases Fungi described in 1904 Xylariales {{fungus-fruit-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Texas Root Rot
Texas root rot (also known as Phymatotrichopsis root rot, Phymatotrichum root rot, cotton root rot, or, in the older literature, Ozonium root rot) is a disease that is fairly common in Mexico and the southwestern United States resulting in sudden wilt and death of affected plants, usually during the warmer months. It is caused by a soil-borne fungus named ''Phymatotrichopsis omnivora'' that attacks the roots of susceptible plants. It was first discovered in 1888 by Pammel and later named by Duggar in 1916. A monograph of this disease, which includes a historical review, was written by R.B. Streets and H.E. Bloss in 1973. Host and symptoms ''Phymatotrichopsis omnivora'' is a necrotic fungal pathogen that has a very broad host range, attacking almost 2000 dicotyledonous species. It inhabits alkaline, calcareous soils in southwestern United States. It particularly targets dicots as most monocots are immune. Economically important plant hosts affected by the pathogen include: p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoestring Root Rot
Shoelaces, also called shoestrings (US English) or bootlaces (UK English), are a system commonly used to secure shoes, boots, and other footwear. They typically consist of a pair of strings or cords, one for each shoe, finished off at both ends with stiff sections, known as aglets. Each shoelace typically passes through a series of holes, eyelets, loops or hooks on either side of the shoe. Loosening the lacing allows the shoe to open wide enough for the foot to be inserted or removed. Tightening the lacing and tying off the ends secures the foot firmly within the shoe. The laces can be tied in different shapes, most commonly a simple bow. Shoelace construction Traditional shoelaces were made of leather, cotton, jute, hemp, or other materials used in the manufacture of rope. Modern shoelaces often incorporate various synthetic fibers, which are generally more slippery and thus more prone to coming undone than those made from traditional fibers. On the other hand, smooth synthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhododendron Root Rot
''Phytophthora cactorum'' is a fungal-like plant pathogen belonging to the Oomycota phylum. It is the causal agent of root rot on rhododendron and many other species, as well as leather rot of strawberries. . Hosts, symptoms, and diagnosis ''Phytophthora cactorum'' has an extremely wide host range, and can infect over 200 species or 160 genera of trees, ornamentals, and fruit crops.Rivard, Cary. "''Phytophthora Cactorum''." ''Phytophthora Cactorum''. North Carolina State University, May 2007. Web. In general, ''P. cactorum'' is capable of infecting both young and old plants, and causes root rots and crown rots of the many genera it infects. Although the symptoms this pathogen produces varies between the types of organisms it infects, in general disease occurs during periods that are both wet and warm. Furthermore, most infections are caused by zoospores entering the plant through wounds. On older trees, ''P. cactorum'' causes the formation of sap exuding dark colored cankers on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armillaria Root Rot
Armillaria root rot is a fungal root rot caused by several different members of the genus ''Armillaria''. The symptoms are variable depending on the host infected, ranging from stunted leaves to chlorotic needles and dieback of twigs and branches. However, all infected hosts display symptoms characteristic of being infected by a white rotting fungus. The most effective ways of management focus on limiting the spread of the fungus, planting resistant species, and removing infected material. This disease poses a threat to the lumber industry as well as affecting recreational areas. Hosts and symptoms Because this disease is caused by multiple species within the genus ''Armillaria'', it has an extremely broad host range. Hundreds of trees and shrubs are susceptible to root rot to varying degrees. In fact, the only two genera of tree known to be resistant to Armillaria root rot are larch and birch. Further investigation is being conducted for additional species, but at this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armillaria
''Armillaria'' is a genus of fungi that includes the '' A. mellea'' species known as honey fungi that live on trees and woody shrubs. It includes about 10 species formerly categorized summarily as ''A. mellea''. ''Armillarias'' are long-lived and form the largest living fungi in the world. The largest known organism (of the species ''Armillaria ostoyae'') covers more than in Oregon's Malheur National Forest and is estimated to be 2,500 years old. Some species of ''Armillaria'' display bioluminescence, resulting in foxfire. ''Armillaria'' can be a destructive forest pathogen. It causes "white rot" root disease (see Plant pathology section) of forests, which distinguishes it from ''Tricholoma'', a mycorrhizal (non-parasitic) genus. Because ''Armillaria'' is a facultative saprophyte, it also feeds on dead plant material, allowing it to kill its host, unlike parasites that must moderate their growth to avoid host death. Description The basidiocarp (reproductive struc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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