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Rokua
The Rokua region, also known as the Rokuanvaara region is a region known for its moraine and dunes. The region covers parts of the municipalities of Muhos, Utajärvi and Vaala in the province of Oulu in Finland. The Rokuanvaara formation was formed at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation period, when fine-grain soil was washed into the region by melting waters. In 1956 the Rokua National Park was established to protect and to preserve the region. The area is a popular resort among cottagers and sorts people alike. The largest fitness center in Northern Finland, Rokua Fitness Center, is located in the Rokua region. There are also several rental cottages, as well as Hotel Rokuanhovi. The Narrow gauge Rokua railway connects the hotel and the fitness center. Geopark Rokua Geopark is a UNESCO global geopark located in north-central Finland. The park lies within the municipalities of Vaala, Muhos and Utajärvi and in between the cities of Oulu and Kajaani. The bedrock of the Baltic Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rokua National Park
Rokua National Park ( fi, Rokuan kansallispuisto) is a UNESCO Global Geopark in the Northern Ostrobothnia region of Finland. Location The national park is located on the southern side of the Rokuanvaara Hill, where old pine forests grow in their natural state. The park lies within the municipalities of Vaala, Muhos and Utajärvi and in between the cities of Oulu and Kajaani. Geology The bedrock of the Baltic Shield as well as Quaternary geology, Quaternary landforms are displayed within the park. Amongst the glacial landforms found in the park are: *Drumlins *Eskers *Hummocky moraines *Kettle holes *Terminal moraines Post-glacial development has left berms, ravines, dunes and peat bogs in the park area. Syvyydenkaivo Syvyydenkaivo, "the Well of the Depths", is the deepest kettle hole in Finland, with a measured depth of more than 164 feet (50 m). See also * List of national parks of Finland * Protected areas of Finland * Rokua Geopark * Rokua References External li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rokua Railway
The Rokua railway or Children's Land Railway ( fi, Rokuan rautatie or '), was a long narrow gauge railway operating in the Rokua region in Utajärvi municipality in Finland. The railway was opened in July 1986 and had a gauge of . The line was demolished by Utajärvi municipality in May 2022, when the price of scrap steel was high.''Resiina'' magazine, issue 2/2022, p. 55. Route The line connected the Hotel Rokuanhovi with the Rokua Fitness Centre, running through moraine and dune covered terrain. There were balloon loops at both ends of the line, and the passenger carriages had doors on only one side. There were no intermediate stations. Rolling stock The train was hauled by a DHL-15 diesel hydraulic locomotive equipped with 37.5-kilowatt Dent engine. The locomotive weighs around five tonnes. The two 24-seat passenger carriages were made by Tuomo Takalo ky of Nivala Nivala is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kettle Hole
A kettle (also known as a kettle lake, kettle hole, or pothole) is a depression/hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters. The kettles are formed as a result of blocks of dead ice left behind by retreating glaciers, which become surrounded by sediment deposited by meltwater streams as there is increased friction. The ice becomes buried in the sediment and when the ice melts, a depression is left called a kettle hole, creating a dimpled appearance on the outwash plain. Lakes often fill these kettles; these are called kettle hole lakes. Another source is the sudden drainage of an ice-dammed lake. When the block melts, the hole it leaves behind is a kettle. As the ice melts, ramparts can form around the edge of the kettle hole. The lakes that fill these holes are seldom more than deep and eventually fill with sediment. In acid conditions, a kettle bog may form but in alkaline conditions, it will be kettle peatland. Overview Kettles are fluviog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utajärvi
Utajärvi is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region next to the border of the Kainuu region, and is part of the former province of Oulu. It is from Utajärvi to Oulu and to Kajaani. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality is probably best known for the moraine region of Rokua, which is a popular summer and sports resort. The popular rockgroup 22-Pistepirkko was formed in Utajärvi in 1980. See also * Finnish national road 22 The Finnish national road 22 ( fi, Valtatie 22; sv, Riksväg 22; also known as ''Kainuuntie'', "Kainuu Road") is the main route between the major cities of Oulu and Kajaani in northern Finland. The road is long, and it is part of the national tr ... References External links *Municipality of Utajärvi– Official website {{OuluProvince-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely-divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines were formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet). Etymology The word ''moraine'' is borrowed from French , which in turn is derived from the Savoyard Italian ("mound of earth"). ''Morena'' in this case was derived from Proven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is solid Rock (geology), rock that lies under loose material (regolith) within the crust (geology), crust of Earth or another terrestrial planet. Definition Bedrock is the solid rock that underlies looser surface material. An exposed portion of bedrock is often called an outcrop. The various kinds of broken and weathered rock material, such as soil and subsoil, that may overlie the bedrock are known as regolith. Engineering geology The surface of the bedrock beneath the soil cover (regolith) is also known as ''rockhead'' in engineering geology, and its identification by digging, drilling or geophysics, geophysical methods is an important task in most civil engineering projects. Superficial deposition (geology), deposits can be very thick, such that the bedrock lies hundreds of meters below the surface. Weathering of bedrock Exposed bedrock experiences weathering, which may be physical or chemical, and which alters the structure of the rock to leave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravine
A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion.Definition of "ravine" at Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than , although smaller than s. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ghout (), [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berm
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil) separating areas in a vertical way, especially partway up a long slope. It can serve as a terrace road, track, path, a fortification line, a border/ separation barrier for navigation, good drainage, industry, or other purposes. Etymology The word is one of Middle Dutch and came into usage in English via French. Military use History In medieval military engineering, a berm (or berme) was a level space between a parapet or defensive wall and an adjacent steep-walled ditch or moat. It was intended to reduce soil pressure on the walls of the excavated part to prevent its collapse. It also meant that debris dislodged from fortifications would not fall into (and fill) a ditch or moat. In the trench warfare of World War I, the name was applied to a similar feature at the lip of a trench, which served mainly as an elbow-rest for riflemen. Modern usage In modern military engineering, a berm is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terminal Moraine
A terminal moraine, also called end moraine, is a type of moraine that forms at the terminal (edge) of a glacier, marking its maximum advance. At this point, debris that has accumulated by plucking and abrasion, has been pushed by the front edge of the ice, is driven no further and instead is deposited in an unsorted pile of sediment. Because the glacier acts very much like a conveyor belt, the longer it stays in one place, the greater the amount of material that will be deposited. The moraine is left as the marking point of the terminal extent of the ice. Formation As a glacier moves along its path, the surrounding area is continuously eroding. Loose rock and pieces of bedrock are constantly being picked up and transported with the glacier. Fine sediment and particles are also incorporated into the glacial ice. The accumulation of these rocks and sediment together form what is called glacial till when deposited. Push moraines are formed when a glacier retreats from a previou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hummocky Moraine
In geology, a hummock is a small knoll or mound above ground.Bates, Robert L. and Julia A. Jackson, ed. (1984). “hummock.” Dictionary of Geological Terms, 3rd Ed. New York: Anchor Books. p. 241. They are typically less than in height and tend to appear in groups or fields. Large landslide avalanches that typically occur in volcanic areas are responsible for formation of hummocks. From the initiation of the landslide to the final formation, hummocks can be characterized by their evolution, spatial distribution, and internal structure. As the movement of landslide begins, the extension faulting results in formation of hummocks with smaller ones at the front of the landslide and larger ones in the back. The size of the hummocks is dependent on their position in the initial mass. As this mass spreads, the hummocks further modify to break up or merger to form larger structures. It is difficult to make generalizations about hummocks because of the diversity in their morphology an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esker
An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an ''asar'', ''osar'', or ''serpent kame'', is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. Eskers are frequently several kilometres long and, because of their uniform shape, look like railway embankments. Etymology The term ''esker'' is derived from the Irish word ''eiscir'' (Old Irish: ''escir''), which means "ridge or elevation, especially one separating two plains or depressed surfaces". The Irish word was and is used particularly to describe long sinuous ridges, which are now known to be deposits of fluvio-glacial material. The best-known example of such an ''eiscir'' is the '' Eiscir Riada'', which runs nearly the whole width of Ireland from Dublin to Galway, a distance of , and is still closely followed by the main Dublin-Galway road The synonym ''os'' comes from the Swedish word ''ås'', "ridge". Geology Most eske ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drumlin
A drumlin, from the Irish word ''droimnín'' ("littlest ridge"), first recorded in 1833, in the classical sense is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg formed by glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine. Assemblages of drumlins are referred to as fields or swarms; they can create a landscape which is often described as having a 'basket of eggs topography'. The low ground between two drumlins is known as a dungeon; dungeons have colder microclimates in winter from settling cold air. Morphology Drumlins occur in various shapes and sizes, including symmetrical (about the long axis), spindle, parabolic forms, and transverse asymmetrical forms. Generally, they are elongated, oval-shaped hills, with a long axis parallel to the orientation of ice flow and with an up-ice (stoss) face that is generally steeper than the down-ice (lee) face. Drumlins are typically 250 to 1,000 meters long and between 120 and 300 meters wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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