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Robinia Pseudoacacia 004
''Robinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, tribe Robinieae, native to North America. Commonly known as locusts, they are deciduous trees and shrubs growing tall. The leaves are pinnate with 7–21 oval leaflets. The flowers are white or pink, in usually pendulous racemes. Many species have thorny shoots, and several have sticky hairs on the shoots. The genus is named after the royal French gardeners Jean Robin and his son Vespasien Robin, who introduced the plant to Europe in 1601. The number of species is disputed between different authorities, with as few as four recognised by some authors, while others recognise up to 10 species. Several natural hybrids are also known. Some species of ''Robinia'' are used as food by caterpillars of Lepidoptera, including such moths as the brown-tail (''Euproctis chrysorrhoea''), the buff-tip (''Phalera bucephala''), the engrailed (''Ectropis crepuscularia''), the giant leopard moth (''Hypercompe scribonia''), the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robinia Pseudoacacia
''Robinia pseudoacacia'', commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized hardwood deciduous tree, belonging to the tribe Robinieae of the legume family Fabaceae. It is endemic to a few small areas of the United States, but it has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe, Southern Africa and Asia and is considered an invasive species in some areas. Another common name is false acacia, a literal translation of the specific name (''pseudo'' reek ''ψευδο-''meaning fake or false and ''acacia'' referring to the genus of plants with the same name). Description Black locust reaches a typical height of with a diameter of . It is a very upright tree with a straight trunk and narrow crown that grows scraggly with age. The dark blue-green compound leaves with a contrasting lighter underside give this tree a beautiful appearance in the wind and contribute to its grace. Black locust is a shade-intolerant species and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectropis Crepuscularia
The engrailed and small engrailed (''Ectropis crepuscularia'') are moths of the family Geometridae found from the British Isles through central and eastern Europe to the Russian Far East and Kazakhstan. The western Mediterranean and Asia Minor and the Caucasus represent the southern limit of the distribution (with the Balkan countries). In the north, the distribution area ends at the Arctic Circle. It also occurs in North America. Debate exists as to whether they make up one species, or whether ''E. crepuscularia'' actually refers only to the small engrailed, with the engrailed proper being separable as ''E. bistortata''. The ground colour of the wings is buff or grey, variably marked with darker fascia and a pale postdiscal crossline. The darker markings are not usually as strong as in the rather similar willow beauty. Melanic forms occur fairly frequently. The wingspan is . One or two broods are produced each year. In the British Isles, the adults can be seen at any time be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robinia Neomexicana
''Robinia neomexicana'', the New Mexican, New Mexico, Southwest, desert, pink, or rose locust, is a shrub or small tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the family Fabaceae. Distribution ''Robinia neomexicana'' is native to the Southwestern United States (southeastern California and southwestern Utah, Virgin River region, east through Arizona and New Mexico, the Rio Grande valley, to far west Texas) and adjoining northern Mexico; from central New Mexico the range extends north into Colorado, mostly the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains. In Arizona, it ranges across the Arizona transition zone, the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains, and into western and southwestern New Mexico. In California, it is uncommon below 1500 m (5000 ft) in canyons in the Mojave Desert and its sky island pinyon-juniper habitats (''Pinus monophylla'' and ''Juniperus californica''). Farther east, it is typically found between 1200 and 2600 meters (4000 and 8500 feet) along streams, in the bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robinia Hispida
''Robinia hispida'', known as the bristly locust, rose-acacia, or moss locust, is a shrub in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, and it is present in other areas, including other regions of North America, as an introduced species. It is grown as an ornamental and can escape cultivation and grow in the wild.''Robinia hispida''. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. University of Washington. 2013. Description This deciduous shrub grows to 3 meters tall, often with glandular, bristly () stems. The |
Fritter
A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables or other ingredients which have been Batter (cooking), battered or breading, breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-frying, deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory varieties. Etymology The 1854 edition of ''An American Dictionary of the English Language'' by Noah Webster defines fritter as a transitive verb meaning "to cut meat into small pieces to be fried". Another definition from 1861 is given as "a pancake cont. chopped fruit, poultry, fish; also a small piece of meat fried". Varieties Africa West African countries have many variations similar to fritters. The most common process includes the blending of peeled black-eyed peas with peppers and spices to leave a thick texture. A Yoruba version, akara, is a popular street snack and side dish in Nigerian culture. South Africa Pumpkin fritters, served with cinnamon sugar at any time of day, are popular in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancake
A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a Starch, starch-based batter (cooking), batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter. It is a type of batter bread. Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably eaten in prehistoric societies. The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide. In the United Kingdom, pancakes are often leavening agent, unleavened and resemble a crêpe. In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder) creating a thick fluffy pancake. A ''crêpe'' is a thin Brittany, Breton pancake of French origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles. A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is a ''palačinke'', a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cream cheese, chocolate, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Lectins have a role in recognition at the cellular and molecular level and play numerous roles in biological recognition phenomena involving cells, carbohydrates, and proteins. Lectins also mediate attachment and binding of bacteria, viruses, and fungi to their intended targets. Lectins are ubiquitous in nature and are found in many foods. Some foods, such as beans and grains, need to be cooked, fermented or sprouted to reduce lectin content. Some lectins are beneficial, such as CLEC11A, which promotes bone growth, while others may be powerful toxins such as ricin. Lectins may be disabled by specific mono- and oligosaccharides, which bind to ingested lectins from grains, legumes, nightshade plants, and dairy; binding can prevent their attachment to the carbohy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Poisonous Plants
Plants that produce toxins are referred to as poisonous plants. Plants that cause irritation on contact are also described as "poisonous". The toxins in poisonous plants affect herbivores, and deter them from consuming the plants. Plants cannot move to escape their predators, so they must have other means of protecting themselves from herbivorous animals. Some plants have physical defenses such as thorns, spines and prickles, but by far the most common type of protection is chemical. Over millennia, through the process of natural selection, plants have evolved the means to produce a vast and complicated array of chemical compounds to deter herbivores. Tannin, for example, is a defensive compound that emerged relatively early in the evolutionary history of plants, while more complex molecules such as polyacetylenes are found in younger groups of plants such as the Asterales. Many of the known plant defense compounds primarily defend against consumption by insects, though other a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parectopa Robiniella
The locust digitate leafminer (''Parectopa robiniella'') is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is native to North America, but was accidentally introduced to Italy, where it was first found in 1970. It has now been recorded from Italy, France, Germany, Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, Serbia, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine and Hungary. The wingspan is about 5 mm. The moth flies in two to three generations per year in Hungary. The larvae feed on ''Robinia'' species, including ''Robinia pseudoacacia''. It mines the leaves of the host plant. The common name is derived from "digitate", referring to the "finger-like" excavations all around the margins of the central blotch of the mine. External links Species infoFauna EuropaeaBug Guide Gracillariinae Moths of Europe {{Gracillariinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrosaccus Robiniella
''Macrosaccus robiniella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. Distribution It is native to and widely distributed in North America, but is an introduced species in Europe, where it was first reported near Basel, Switzerland, in 1983. Later, it was also reported in France, Germany, northern Italy (1988), Austria (1989), and Slovakia (1992). It spread gradually through Austria, reaching Hungary in the mid 1990s. Adult description The wingspan is 5.5 to 6.5 mm. There are two to three generations per year. Life history The larvae feed on ''Robinia pseudoacacia'', ''Robinia viscosa'' and ''Robinia hispida''. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine begins as an elongate serpentine track which enlarges to an elongate-oval, whitish blotch located on one side of the midrib and usually on the underside of the leaflet. Eventually the mine becomes slightly tentiform due to the silk laid down by the later instar larvae. There are five larval instars. The earliest insta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysaster Ostensackenella
''Chrysaster ostensackenella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario, Québec and Nova Scotia in Canada, and the United States (Illinois, Kentucky, New York, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Vermont, Arizona, Massachusetts, North Carolina and Connecticut). It has also been recorded in 2015 from China and in 2017 from Korea, and in 2022 from Central Italy. The wingspan is about 5 mm. Adults are brilliantly shiny with an orange forewing marked with transverse silvery-white bands that are narrowly edged with black along their basal margins. The larvae feed on ''Robinia'' species, including ''Robinia hispida'', ''Robinia neomexicana'', '' Robinia pseudacacia'' and ''Robinia viscosa''. They mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging * Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun ... the leaves of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to determi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
