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Robert Marmion (died 1242)
Robert Marmion was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and rebel involved in the First Barons' War. He was referred to as "Robert Marmion the Younger" as his elder half-brother was also called Robert and known as "Robert Marmion the Elder". Ancestry Marmion was the son of Robert Marmion, 3rd Baron Marmion of Tamworth and his second wife Philippa (surname unknown). Career and life In 1215 Marmion paid King John 350 pounds and five palfreys to marry Amicia/Avice the daughter of Jernigan Fitz-Hugh of West Tanfield from whom he gained lands in Yorkshire. Marmion joined in the rebellion against King John who confiscated his lands. When John died his son Henry tried to restore calm and in 1217 the Sheriff of Sussex was ordered to give Marmion back his estates. On 15 May 1218 Marmion paid the king 500 pounds for custody of Tamworth and the rest of his elder brother Robert's lands as long as he continued to rebel. Robert the Elder finally made peace with the king in 1220 whereupon his lands, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barons' Crusade
The Barons' Crusade (1239–1241), also called the Crusade of 1239, was a crusade to the Holy Land that, in territorial terms, was the most successful crusade since the First Crusade. Called by Pope Gregory IX, the Barons' Crusade broadly embodied the highest point of papal endeavor "to make crusading a universal Christian undertaking." Gregory IX called for a crusade in France, England, and Hungary with different degrees of success. Although the crusaders did not achieve any glorious military victories, they used diplomacy to successfully play the two warring factions of the Ayyubid dynasty ( as-Salih Ismail in Damascus and as-Salih Ayyub in Egypt) against one another for even more concessions than Frederick II had gained during the more well-known Sixth Crusade. For a few years, the Barons' Crusade returned the Kingdom of Jerusalem to its largest size since 1187. This crusade to the Holy Land is sometimes discussed as two separate crusades: that of King Theobald I of Nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trial By Combat
Trial by combat (also wager of battle, trial by battle or judicial duel) was a method of Germanic law to settle accusations in the absence of witnesses or a confession in which two parties in dispute fought in single combat; the winner of the fight was proclaimed to be right. In essence, it was a judicially sanctioned duel. It remained in use throughout the European Middle Ages, gradually disappearing in the course of the 16th century. History Origins Unlike trial by ordeal in general, which is known to many cultures worldwide, trial by combat is known primarily from the customs of the Germanic peoples. The practice was "almost universal in Europe" according to medievalist Eric Jager. It was in use among the ancient Burgundians, Ripuarian Franks, Alamans, Lombards, and Swedes. It was unknown in Anglo-Saxon law and Roman law and it does not figure in the traditions of Middle Eastern antiquity such as the code of Hammurabi or the Torah. However, it is recorded in the me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Marmion, 2nd Baron Marmion Of Winteringham
William is a masculine given name of Norman French origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of England in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will, Wills, Willy, Willie, Liam, Bill, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie or the play ''Douglas''). Female forms are Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic name is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron Marmion
There have been four different baronies held by the Marmion family, two feudal baronies, one purported barony created by Simon de Montfort and one barony by writ. Feudal barony of Tamworth The first feudal barony was obtained by Roger Marmion (d. ''circa'' 1129), who held lands in Lindsay in 1115-18,Sanders, p.145 lord of the manor of Fontenay and castellan of Falaise Castle, Normandy, when between 1110 and 1114 he was granted the feudal barony of Tamworth, the caput of which was Tamworth Castle, after the exile of Roger d'Abetot, nephew and heir of the King's steward, Robert Despenser. The eldest son of the 3rd Marmion feudal baron of Tamworth acquired the manor of Winteringham in North Lincolnshire. Welsh feudal barony of Llanstephan A second barony was obtained by Roger Marmion, lord of the manor of Fontenay-le-Marmion during the Norman invasion of Wales when he was rewarded with the Barony of Llanstephan, whose caput at Llansteffan Castle played a central role in the We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the great council of bishops and peers that advised the English monarch. Great councils were first called Parliaments during the reign of Henry III (). By this time, the king required Parliament's consent to levy taxation. Originally a unicameral body, a bicameral Parliament emerged when its membership was divided into the House of Lords and House of Commons, which included knights of the shire and burgesses. During Henry IV's time on the throne, the role of Parliament expanded beyond the determination of taxation policy to include the "redress of grievances," which essentially enabled English citizens to petition the body to address complaints in their local towns and counties. By this time, citizens were given the power to vote to elect their representatives—the burgesses—to the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Record Commission
The Record Commissions were a series of six Royal Commissions of Great Britain and (from 1801) the United Kingdom which sat between 1800 and 1837 to inquire into the custody and public accessibility of the state archives. The Commissioners' work paved the way for the establishment of the Public Record Office in 1838. The Commissioners were also responsible for publishing various historical records, including the '' Statutes of the Realm'' (i.e. of England and Great Britain) to 1714 and the ''Acts of Parliament of Scotland'' to 1707, as well as a number of important medieval records. Although the six Commissions were technically distinct from one another, there was a considerable degree of continuity between them, and it is common practice to regard them as a single entity and to refer to them in singular form as the Record Commission. Activities The first Commission was established on 19 July 1800, on the recommendation of a Select committee appointed earlier in the year, on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMSO
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the United Kingdom and is responsible for Crown copyright. The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives. Controller of HMSO and Director of OPSI The Controller of HMSO is also the Director of OPSI. HMSO continues to operate from within the expanded remit of OPSI. The Controller of HMSO also holds the offices of Kings's Printer of Acts of Parliament, King's Printer for Scotland and Government Printer for Northern Ireland. By virtue of holding these offices OPSI publishes, through HMSO, the '' London Gazette'', ''Edinburgh Gazette'', ''Belfast Gazette'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard FitzRoy
Richard FitzRoy (c. 1190 – June 1246) (''alias'' Richard de Chilham and Richard de DoverSanders, I.J. ''English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327'', Oxford, 1960, p. 111, note 5) was the illegitimate son of King John of England and was feudal baron of Chilham, in Kent. His mother was Adela, his father's first cousin and a daughter of Hamelin de Warenne by his wife Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey. Richard served in his father's army as a captain during the baronial revolt. In 1216 he was made constable of Wallingford Castle. The following year he took a prominent part in a naval battle off the Kent coast. Richard had scutage for Poitou in 1214. By right of his wife he became Lord of Chingford, Little Wyham and Great Wenden, all in Essex, and Lesnes, Kent, and Lutton, Northamptonshire.https://archive.org/stream/victoriahistoryo02adki#page/584/mode/2up Victoria County History of Northamptonshire: Lutton However, in 1229 their manor of Chingfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richmond, South Yorkshire
Richmond is a suburb of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It lies in the eastern part of the city (). Richmond was historically a small settlement consisting of a few cottages and Richmond Hall Farm, built in 1668 and demolished in 1966. Gateposts from the farm, which may have originally flanked an entrance to Sheffield Park, can still be seen amidst a housing estate dating from the late 1960s. The suburb is served by St Catherine of Siena church, designed by Basil Spence. Electoral ward Richmond gives its name to one of the 28 electoral wards of Sheffield, in the southern part of the city. In addition to the suburb of Richmond, Richmond ward also includes the districts of Four Lane Ends, Intake, and Woodthorpe, and covers an area of 4.5 km2. The population of the ward in 2011 was 17,724 people in 7,827 households. It is one of the five wards that form the Sheffield Heeley parliamentary constituency. The boundary changed at the local elections in May 2016. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nosterfield
Nosterfield is a hamlet (place), hamlet within the civil parish of West Tanfield in the Hambleton District, Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England formerly used for quarrying. Several of the buildings in the village including the public house are designated as Grade II listed buildings. Nosterfield Local Nature Reserve is run as part of the Lower Ure Conservation Trust and is one of the most important wetland sites in Yorkshire recognised via designation as a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) by North Yorkshire County Council. Notes External links Villages in North Yorkshire Grade II listed buildings in North Yorkshire Local Nature Reserves in North Yorkshire Wensleydale {{Hambleton-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escheator
Escheat is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who has died without heirs to the crown or state. It serves to ensure that property is not left in "limbo" without recognized ownership. It originally applied to a number of situations where a legal interest in land was destroyed by operation of law, so that the ownership of the land reverted to the immediately superior feudal lord. Etymology The term "escheat" derives ultimately from the Latin ''ex-cadere'', to "fall-out", via mediaeval French ''escheoir''. The sense is of a feudal estate in land falling-out of the possession by a tenant into the possession of the lord. Origins in feudalism In feudal England, escheat referred to the situation where the tenant of a fee (or "fief") died without an heir or committed a felony. In the case of such demise of a tenant-in-chief, the fee reverted to the King's demesne permanently, when it became once again a mere tenantless plot of land, but could be re-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
