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Robert D. McChesney
Robert Duncan McChesney (born May 10, 1944''Directory of Foreign Area Fellows'' (Foreign Area Fellowship Program, 1973), p. 131.) is a scholar of the social and cultural history of Central Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan. Academic career Robert D. McChesney was born in Northampton, Massachusetts) and received his B.A. in 1967 and his PhD in 1973 from Princeton University. McChesney’s academic focus has been on the history Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan from the time of the Mongol conquest through the early 20th century. Much of his work has centered on the connection of social history and architecture and the Islamic charitable institutions that supported architecture. He has taken a particular interest in the works of Afghan scholar Faiz Mohammad Katib Hazara, Fayz Muhammad, in particular his monumental history of Afghanistan, ''Sirajul Tawarikh''. McChesney has also written a translation of Fayz Muhammad's account of the 1929 Afghan Civil War. He has made frequent contributio ...
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Central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former Soviet Union, Soviet republics of the Soviet Union, republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, which are colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as the countries all have names ending with the Persian language, Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of". The current geographical location of Central Asia was formerly part of the historic region of Turkestan, Turkistan, also known as Turan. In the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras ( and earlier) Central Asia was inhabited predominantly by Iranian peoples, populated by Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Khwarezmian language, Chorasmians and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae. After expansion by Turkic peop ...
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Abu'l-Hasan B
Abu Al-Hasan ( ar, أبو الحسن, Abū Al-Ḥasan, Father of Hasan), also transliterated Abu'l Hasan, is an Arabic ''kunya'' ('teknonym'). It may refer to: Notable people Politics and military * Ali ibn Abi Talib (600–661), the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate * Ali ibn Musa (766–818), the eight imam in Ashariyya * Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman (1297–1351), a Marinid-dynasty sultan of Morocco and Al-Andalus * Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada (died 1485) * Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, politician and freedom fighter * Abolhassan Banisadr (1933 – 2021), first president of Iran after the Iranian Revolution Literature and sports * Abul Hasan (poet) (1947–1975), Bangladeshi poet * Abu'l-Hasan (artist) (1589 – c. 1630), a Mughal-era painter * Abulhasan Alekperzadeh or Abulhasan (1906–1986), Azerbaijani writer * Abul Hasan (cricketer) (born 1992), Bangladeshi cricketer * ''Abu Hassan ''Abu Hassan'' (Friedrich Wilhelm Jähns, ...
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Indian University Press
Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asian ethnic groups, referring to people of the Indian subcontinent, as well as the greater South Asia region prior to the 1947 partition of India * Anglo-Indians, people with mixed Indian and British ancestry, or people of British descent born or living in the Indian subcontinent * East Indians, a Christian community in India Europe * British Indians, British people of Indian origin The Americas * Indo-Canadians, Canadian people of Indian origin * Indian Americans, American people of Indian origin * Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas and their descendants ** Plains Indians, the common name for the Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains of North America ** Native Americans in the ...
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 977,203 in 2020. The "balance" population, which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County, was 887,642. It is the 15th most populous city in the U.S., the third-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago and Columbus, Ohio, and the fourth-most populous state capital after Phoenix, Arizona, Austin, Texas, and Columbus. The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 33rd most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with 2,111,040 residents. Its combined statistical area ranks 28th, with a population of 2,431,361. Indianapolis covers , making it the 18th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to as early as 10,000 BC. In 1818, the Lenape relinquished their ...
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The Darwin Press
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pr ...
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New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by Delaware Bay and the state of Delaware. At , New Jersey is the fifth-smallest state in land area; but with close to 9.3 million residents, it ranks 11th in population and first in population density. The state capital is Trenton, and the most populous city is Newark. With the exception of Warren County, all of the state's 21 counties lie within the combined statistical areas of New York City or Philadelphia. New Jersey was first inhabited by Native Americans for at least 2,800 years, with the Lenape being the dominant group when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century. Dutch and Swedish colonists founded the first European settlements in the state. The British later seized control o ...
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Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It was established on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township, both of which are now defunct. Centrally located within the Raritan Valley region, Princeton is a regional commercial hub for the Central New Jersey region and a commuter town in the New York metropolitan area.New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area
. Accessed December 5, 2020.
As of the

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Timurids
The Timurid Empire ( chg, , fa, ), self-designated as Gurkani ( Chagatai: کورگن, ''Küregen''; fa, , ''Gūrkāniyān''), was a PersianateB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006 Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, as well as most of contemporary Pakistan and parts of contemporary North India and Turkey. The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis's heir, and associated much with the Borjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations with Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like Ma Huan and Chen Cheng regularly traveling west to Samarkand to buy and sell goods. The e ...
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Pembroke Papers
Pembroke may refer to: Places Australia * Electoral division of Pembroke, an electoral division in Tasmania * Pembroke Land District, formerly Pembroke County, Tasmania Bermuda * Pembroke Parish Canada * Pembroke, West Hants, Nova Scotia * Pembroke, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia * Pembroke, Ontario Republic of Ireland * Pembroke Township, a former township that is now part of the city of Dublin Malta * Pembroke, Malta New Zealand * Pembroke, the former name of Wanaka in Central Otago * Pembroke, New Zealand, a settlement northwest of Stratford, Taranaki United States * Pembroke, Georgia * Pembroke, Indiana * Pembroke, Kentucky * Pembroke, Maine * Pembroke, Massachusetts ** North Pembroke, Massachusetts * Pembroke, New Hampshire * Pembroke, New York * Pembroke, North Carolina * Pembroke, Virginia * Pembroke Manor, Virginia, subdivision of Virginia Beach * Pembroke Park, Florida * Pembroke Pines, Florida * Pembroke Township, Kankakee County, Illinois Wales * Pembroke, ...
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Bark Ardār Torkmān
Bark may refer to: * Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick * Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog) Places * Bark, Germany * Bark, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Bark'' (Jefferson Airplane album), 1971 *Bark (Blackie and the Rodeo Kings album) * ''Bark'' (short story collection), a short story collection by Lorrie Moore * '' Bark!'', a 2002 film * ''Bark!'', a magazine published by Canada Wide Media * Bark the Polar Bear, a character in the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series Brands and enterprises * BARK (computer), a computer Food * Almond bark, a confection * Peppermint bark, a confection Science * βARK, Beta adrenergic receptor kinase, an intracellular enzyme * Bark scale, an auditory frequency metric Other uses * Bark or barque, a type of sailing ship * BARK (organization) BARK is an Oregon, United States, non-profit organization that was created to combat l ...
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