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Riverton, New Zealand
Riverton, officially Riverton / Aparima, is a small New Zealand town west of Invercargill, on the south-eastern shorelines of the Jacobs River Estuary. The estuary is formed by the Aparima River, Aparima and Pourakino River, Pourakino rivers, leading through a narrow outflow channel into Foveaux Strait. Accessible via on the Southern Scenic Route, the main part of the town is on flat land (the Southland Plains) and the northern end of Oreti Beach. South Riverton is built on the hills (the Longwood Range) between the eastern shore of the estuary and Taramea Bay.McLintock, A. H. ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Volume 3'' Riverton is the oldest permanent settlement of Southland, New Zealand, Southland and one of New Zealand's oldest towns. In 2011 Riverton residents celebrated the town's 175th anniversary. The main industry is fishing. Farming (especially Dairy farming in New Zealand, dairying) has become more important economically as the fishing industry has been less produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori Language
Māori (; endonym: 'the Māori language', commonly shortened to ) is an Eastern Polynesian languages, Eastern Polynesian language and the language of the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. The southernmost member of the Austronesian language family, it is related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan language, Tuamotuan, and Tahitian language, Tahitian. The Māori Language Act 1987 gave the language recognition as one of New Zealand's official languages. There are regional dialects of the Māori language. Prior to contact with Europeans, Māori lacked a written language or script. Written Māori now uses the Latin script, which was adopted and the spelling standardised by Northern Māori in collaboration with English Protestant clergy in the 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century, European children in rural areas spoke Māori with Māori children. It was common for prominent parents of these children, such as government officials, to us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southland Plains
The Southland Plains is a general name given to several areas of low-lying land in the South Island of New Zealand, separated by the rise of the Hokonui Hills in the north. It forms a sizeable area of Southland region and encompasses its two principal settlements the city of Invercargill and the town of Gore. The Southland Plains include some of New Zealand's most fertile farmland. Geography The Plains extend from the Waiau River in the west to the Mataura River which forms the border with the Otago region to the east. It can be divided into three broad areas: the Southland plain proper, the Waimea Plains and the lower Waiau plain to the west near the Waiau river. The Southland and Waimea Plains are separated by the uplands of the Hokonui Hills, which lie to the west of Gore. The Southland plain lies to the north of the city of Invercargill, and is formed by several large rivers, the Aparima, the Ōreti, and the Makarewa. They stretch inland for over 45 kilometres from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whaling
Whaling is the hunting of whales for their products such as meat and blubber, which can be turned into a type of oil that was important in the Industrial Revolution. Whaling was practiced as an organized industry as early as 875 AD. By the 16th century, it had become the principal industry in the Basque coastal regions of Spain and France. The whaling industry spread throughout the world and became very profitable in terms of trade and resources. Some regions of the world's oceans, along the animals' migration routes, had a particularly dense whale population and became targets for large concentrations of whaling ships, and the industry continued to grow well into the 20th century. The depletion of some whale species to near extinction led to the banning of whaling in many countries by 1969 and to an international cessation of whaling as an industry in the late 1980s. Archaeological evidence suggests the earliest known forms of whaling date to at least 3000 BC, practiced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Howell (pioneer)
John Howell (1809 – 25 May 1874) was a New Zealand whaler, trader, pastoralist and politician. Howell was born in 1809.Birth year as per the biography on the information board in Howell's Memorial Park, Riverton He settled in New Zealand, and established the settlement that is today known as Riverton, New Zealand, Riverton. He was a member of the Southland Provincial Council from 1862 to 1864 for the Riverton electorate, and from 1864 to 1867 for the Aparima electorate. Howell's Cottage, which was built for him at Riverton in 1837/38, is the oldest building in Riverton. It is one of very few surviving New Zealand buildings that predates the 1840s, and is listed as a Category I building by Heritage New Zealand. References 1810 births 1874 deaths New Zealand traders New Zealand people in whaling New Zealand farmers People from Eastbourne English emigrants to New Zealand Members of the Southland Provincial Council 19th-century New Zealand politicians Ellison family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dual Naming
Dual naming is the adoption of an official place name that combines two earlier names, or uses both names, often to resolve a disagreement over which of the two individual names is more appropriate. In some cases, the reasons are political. Sometimes the two individual names are from different languages; in some cases this is because the country has more than one official language, and in others, one language has displaced another. In several countries, dual naming has begun to be applied only recently. This has come about in places where a colonial settler community had displaced the indigenous peoples and started using names in the settler language centuries ago, and more recent efforts have been made to use names in the indigenous language alongside the colonial names, as an act of reconciliation. Afghanistan In Afghanistan, the name 'Dari' replaced Persian (Farsi) after the 1964 constitution which was the only official language until the approval of the constitution in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998
The Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 is an act of parliament passed in New Zealand relating to Ngāi Tahu, the principal Māori (tribe) of the South Island. The act's purpose is to settle all of the tribe's claims under the Treaty of Waitangi, and to record an apology to Ngai Tahu from the Crown, in regard to past failures to protect the tribe's interests. The act is administered by the Office of Treaty Settlements. It was negotiated in part by Henare Rakiihia Tau. The documents in relation to the Ngāi Tahu land settlement claim are held at Tūranga, the main public library in Christchurch. Schedule 96 "Alteration of place names" contains a list of places that received official name changes to dual English and Māori names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook. Background Between the years of 1844–1864, during which a number of land sales occurred the biggest of which been the Kemps Deed in 1848, Ngāi Tahu passed over 34.5 million acres of land to the Crown for a sum o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kāti Māmoe
Kāti Māmoe (also spelled Ngāti Māmoe) is a Māori iwi. Originally from the Heretaunga Plains of New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, they moved in the 16th century to the South Island which at the time was already occupied by the Waitaha. A century later, the Ngāti Māmoe were largely subsequently absorbed via marriage and conquest by Ngāi Tahu, who migrated south in turn. There are many hapū (sub tribes) that acknowledge Kāti Māmoe as their iwi. They each have their own rūnanga (council). Many Ngāi Tahu have Ngāti Māmoe links in their whakapapa. In the far south of the island especially, "... southern Māori still think of themselves as Ngai Tahu-Ngati Mamoe, a synthesis of the two tribal groups ...." According to Edward Shortland, Kāti Māmoe's historical hapū included Kāti Rakai and Kāti Hinekato. History Early history Kāti Māmoe's descent is said to be traced from the ancestor Hotumāmoe, said to be a descendant of Toi, a great-great-great grandson of Rā ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori People
Māori () are the Indigenous peoples of Oceania, indigenous Polynesians, Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of Māori migration canoes, canoe voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed Māori culture, a distinct culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori. Early contact between Māori and Europeans, starting in the 18th century, ranged from beneficial trade to lethal violence; Māori actively adopted many technologies from the newcomers. With the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840, the two cultures coexisted for a generation. Rising ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misty Morning In Riverton
In cryptography, MISTY1 (or MISTY-1) is a block cipher designed in 1995 by Mitsuru Matsui and others for Mitsubishi Electric. MISTY1 is one of the selected algorithms in the European NESSIE project, and has been among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government use by CRYPTREC in 2003; however, it was dropped to "candidate" by CRYPTREC revision in 2013. However, it was successfully broken in 2015 by Yosuke Todo using integral cryptanalysis; this attack was improved in the same year by Achiya Bar-On. "MISTY" can stand for "Mitsubishi Improved Security Technology"; it is also the initials of the researchers involved in its development: Matsui Mitsuru, Ichikawa Tetsuya, Sorimachi Toru, Tokita Toshio, and Yamagishi Atsuhiro. MISTY1 is covered by patents, although the algorithm is freely available for academic (non-profit) use in RFC 2994, and there's a GPLed implementation by Hironobu Suzuki (used by, e.g. Scramdisk). Security MISTY1 is a Feistel network with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawmills
A sawmill (saw mill, saw-mill) or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (dimensional lumber). The "portable" sawmill is simple to operate. The log lies flat on a steel bed, and the motorized saw cuts the log horizontally along the length of the bed, by the operator manually pushing the saw. The most basic kind of sawmill consists of a chainsaw and a customized jig ("Alaskan sawmill"), with similar horizontal operation. Before the invention of the sawmill, boards were made in various manual ways, either rived (split) and planed, hewn, or more often hand sawn by two men with a whipsaw, one above and another in a saw pit below. The earliest known mechanical mill is the Hierapolis sawmill, a Roman water-powered stone mill at Hierapolis, Asia Minor dating back to the 3rd century AD. Other water-powered mills followed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dairy Farming In New Zealand
Dairy farming in New Zealand began during the early days of colonisation by Europeans. The New Zealand dairy industry is based almost exclusively on cattle, with a population of 4.92 million milking cows in the 2019–20 season. The income from dairy farming is now a major part of the New Zealand economy, becoming an NZ$13.4 billion industry by 2017. History In 1814 the missionary Samuel Marsden introduced the first Shorthorn dairy cows (then known as Durhams) to mission stations in the Bay of Islands. The cows were gifted by New South Wales Governor Lachlan Macquarie from the New South Wales Crown herd. From the 1840s, most settlements had farms with some Shorthorn dairy cattle and it was common for families to have one or two cows, milked by the women and children. Herds tended to be larger near urban areas, where dairy products—predominantly milk and butter—could be sold or traded. The first dairy co-operative was established on Otago Peninsula in 1871. In 1881, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
