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Ritter Sankt Georg
''Ritter Sankt Georg'', also known as ''Sankt Georg'', was a galleon warship that served in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy from 1627 to 1628.J. Pertek: ''Polacy na morzach i oceanach'', vol. 1. Name The ship is referred to in the German-language sources as ''Ritter Sankt Georg'', and shortly as ''Sankt Georg'', which, respectively, mean ''Knight of Saint George'', and ''Saint George''. The Polish-language name that was used for the ship in the 17th century remains unknown, however, the ship is retroactively referred to as ''Rycerz Święty Jerzy'' and ''Święty Jerzy'', in modern Polish-language sources, which is a direct translation of the German name. History The ship was made in the town of Puck, Poland, and its construction lasted from 1625 to 1627. After its launch, it served for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy. It was a flagship of the navy during the Battle of Oliwa of Polish–Swedish War, that took place on 28 November 1627. It was commanded b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy was the navy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Early history The Commonwealth Navy was small and played a relatively minor role in the history of the Commonwealth. Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak, ''Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego''. Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, p.231 Despite having access to the Baltic Sea and temporarily to the Black Sea, neither Poland nor Lithuania had any significant navy until the first naval commission was established by Sigismund II Augustus during the Northern Seven Years' War in 1568. Vasa's plans for fleet creation At the turn of the seventeenth century, Poland became ruled by the House of Vasa, and was involved in a series of wars with Sweden (see also dominium maris baltici). Vasa kings attempted to create a proper fleet, but their attempts met with repeated failures, due to lack of funds in the royal treasury (Polish nobility saw little need for the fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannon
A cannon is a large- caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. A cannon is a type of heavy artillery weapon. The word ''cannon'' is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as ''tube'', ''cane'', or ''reed''. In the modern era, the term ''cannon'' has fallen into decline, replaced by ''guns'' or ''artillery'', if not a more specific term such as howitzer or mortar, except for high-caliber automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons. The earliest known depict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Last (unit)
The last was a Dutch unit of mass, volume, and number, and a large English unit of weight, mass, volume, and number. It referred to standardized amounts of ships' lading and varied by commodity and over time. Name The term derives from Old English ',''Oxford English Dictionary'', 3rd ed. "last, ''n.2''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014. ultimately from a Proto-Germanic root reconstructed as *''hlaþ''- or *''hlað-'' ("to place").''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "lade, ''v.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1901. It is also parallel and probably influenced by the Middle Dutch and Middle Low German ', used in identical senses as a load, cargo, or standardized unit. Weight The Assize of Weights and Measures, one of the statutes of uncertain date from , defined the as 12 sacks' worth, equivalent to 24 weys, 336 London stone, or 4,200 merchants' pounds (about ).. & & The last subsequently varied with the different values given to the sack of wool. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Units Of Measurement
The Dutch units of measurement used today are those of the metric system. Before the 19th century, a wide variety of different weights and measures were used by the various Dutch towns and provinces. Despite the country's small size, there was a lack of uniformity. During the Dutch Golden Age, these weights and measures accompanied the Dutch to the farthest corners of their colonial empire, including South Africa, New Amsterdam and the Dutch East Indies. Units of weight included the ''pond'', ''ons'' and ''last''. There was also an apothecaries' system of weights. The ''mijl'' and ''roede'' were measurements of distance. Smaller distances were measured in units based on parts of the body – the ''el'', the ''voet'', the ''palm'' and the ''duim''. Area was measured by the ''morgen'', ''hont'', ''roede'' and ''voet''. Units of volume included the ''okshoofd'', ''aam'', ''anker'', ''stoop'', and ''mingel''. At the start of the 19th century the Dutch adopted a unified metric system, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stem (ship)
The stem is the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself. It is often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively. Description The stem is the curved edge stretching from the keel below, up to the gunwale of the boat. It is part of the physical structure of a wooden boat or ship that gives it strength at the critical section of the structure, bringing together the port and starboard side planks of the hull. Plumb and raked stem There are two styles of stems: ''plumb'' and ''raked''. When the stem comes up from the water, if it is perpendicular to the waterline it is "plumb". If it is inclined at an angle to the waterline it is "raked". (For example, "The hull is single decked and characterized by a plumb stem, full bows, straight keel, moderate deadrise, and an easy turn of bilge.") Stemhead Because the stem is very sturdy, the top end of it may have something attached, either ornamental or functional in nature. On smalle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hull (watercraft)
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick, or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline. General features There is a wide variety of hull types that are chosen for suitability for different usages, the hull shape being dependent upon the needs of the design. Shapes range from a nearly perfect box in the case of scow barges to a needle-sharp surface of revolution in the case of a racing multihull sailboat. The shape is chosen to strike a balance between cost, hydrostatic considerations (accommodation, load carrying, and stability), hydrodynamics (speed, power requirements, and motion and behavior in a seaway) and special considerations for the ship's role, such as the rounded bow of an icebreaker or the flat bottom of a landing craft. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gelber Löwe
Gelber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alexis Gelber, Goldsmith Fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government * Arthur Gelber, CC (1915–1998), Canadian philanthropist * Bruno Leonardo Gelber (born 1941), Argentine classical pianist * Dan Gelber (born 1960), former prosecutor, member of the Florida Senate *Dan Gelber (game designer), co-creator of the ''Paranoia'' role-playing game *Jack Gelber (1932–2003), American playwright known for his 1959 drama ''The Connection'' *Jordan Gelber (born 1975), American actor * Lady Henrietta Gelber (born 1958), English interior decorator and founder of Woodstock Designs * Lee Gelber (1938–2020), American tour guide and urban historian *Lionel Gelber, Canadian diplomat who founded the Lionel Gelber Prize in 1989 * Mark H. Gelber (born 1951), American-Israeli scholar of German-Jewish literature and culture * Marvin Gelber (1912–1990), Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons * Moscovici Gelber (18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backshore
The backshore area of a beach extends from the limit of high water foam lines to dunes or extreme inland limit of the beach. It is only affected by waves during exceptional high tides or severe storms.Whittow, John (1984). ''Dictionary of Physical Geography''. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 47. . Sediments in this area are well-sorted and well-rounded. Its grain sizes are mainly coarse sand and medium sand, which are larger than that in littoral barrier dune. The sedimentary structures include parallel bedding and low-angle cross-bedding In geology, cross-bedding, also known as cross-stratification, is layering within a stratum and at an angle to the main bedding plane. The sedimentary structures which result are roughly horizontal units composed of inclined layers. The origina .... References {{geology-stub Coastal geography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martwa Wisła
The Martwa Wisła (; german: Tote Weichsel; both literally "dead Vistula") is a river, one of the branches of the Vistula, flowing through the city of Gdańsk in northern Poland. It got its name when this branch of the river became increasingly moribund. A harbor canal was constructed with the Westerplatte on one of its banks. It was constructed to flow through Danzig (Gdańsk) into the ''Danziger Bucht'', now Gdańsk Bay. Its river mouth and environs double as a harbor channel for the Inner Port of the port of Gdańsk. See also *Baltic Sea *Battle of Westerplatte *Wisłoujście Fortress Wisłoujście Fortress ( pl, Twierdza Wisłoujście, german: Festung Weichselmünde) is an historic fortress located in Gdańsk by the Martwa Wisła river, by an old estuary of the river Vistula, flowing into the Bay of Gdańsk. The fortress is lo ... External links 0Martwa Wisła Rivers of Poland Rivers of Pomeranian Voivodeship {{Poland-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wisłoujście Fortress
Wisłoujście Fortress ( pl, Twierdza Wisłoujście, german: Festung Weichselmünde) is an historic fortress located in Gdańsk by the Martwa Wisła river, by an old estuary of the river Vistula, flowing into the Bay of Gdańsk. The fortress is located close to the Wisłoujście borough, Westerplatte and the Port Północny (Northern Port). It is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. Description Different parts of the fortress are clearly in different architectural styles (predominantly Gothic) and in different styles of construction and building materials. This is the result of the fortress being rebuilt every time it was destroyed or badly damaged. The basement and foundation of the fortress is based on wooden crates (''kaszyce''), which are hidden underneath in the water. On top of these structures, rubble was heaped up and strengthened - providing a stable and strong base for the fortress. The heart of the fortress is based around a circular tower (currently devoid of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
