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Rimbaud
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (, ; 20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet known for his transgressive and surreal themes and for his influence on modern literature and arts, prefiguring surrealism. Born in Charleville, he started writing at a very young age and excelled as a student, but abandoned his formal education in his teenage years to run away to Paris amidst the Franco-Prussian War. During his late adolescence and early adulthood, he produced the bulk of his literary output. Rimbaud completely stopped writing literature at age 20 after assembling his last major work, '' Illuminations''. Rimbaud was a libertine and a restless soul, having engaged in a hectic, sometimes violent romantic relationship with fellow poet Paul Verlaine, which lasted nearly two years. After his retirement as a writer, he traveled extensively on three continents as a merchant and explorer until his death from cancer just after his thirty-seventh birthday. As a poet, Rimbaud is we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illuminations (poetry Collection)
''Illuminations'' is an incomplete suite of prose poems by the French poet Arthur Rimbaud, first published partially in ', a Paris literary review, in May–June 1886. The texts were reprinted in book form in October 1886 by Les publications de La Vogue under the title ''Les Illuminations'' proposed by the poet Paul Verlaine, Rimbaud's former lover. In his preface, Verlaine explained that the title was based on the English word ''illuminations'', in the sense of coloured plates, and a sub-title that Rimbaud had already given the work. Verlaine dated its composition between 1873 and 1875. Rimbaud wrote the majority of poems comprising ''Illuminations'' during his stay in the United Kingdom with Verlaine at his side. The texts follow Rimbaud's peregrinations in 1873 from Reading where he had hoped to find steady work, to Charleville and Stuttgart in 1875. Content, style, and themes The text of ''Illuminations'' is generally agreed to consist of forty-two poems. In large part, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Season In Hell
''A Season in Hell'' (french: Une Saison en Enfer}) is an extended poem in prose written and published in 1873 by French writer Arthur Rimbaud. It is the only work that was published by Rimbaud himself. The book had a considerable influence on later artists and poets, including the Surrealists. Writing and publication history Rimbaud began writing the poem in April 1873 during a visit to his family's farm in Roche, near Charleville on the French-Belgian border. According to Bertrand Mathieu, Rimbaud wrote the work in a dilapidated barn.Mathieu, Bertrand, "Introduction" in Rimbaud, Arthur, and Mathieu, Bertrand (translator), ''A Season in Hell & Illuminations'' (Rochester, New York: BOA Editions, 1991). In the following weeks, Rimbaud traveled with poet Paul Verlaine through Belgium and to London again. They had begun a complicated relationship in spring 1872, and they quarreled frequently. Verlaine had bouts of suicidal behavior and drunkenness. When Rimbaud announced he pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabelle Rimbaud
Isabelle Rimbaud – born 1 June 1860 in Charleville and died 20 June 1917 in Neuilly-sur-Seine - was the youngest sister of Arthur Rimbaud and the wife of Pierre-Eugène Dufour (1855-1922), better known as Paterne Berrichon. She inherited Arthur Rimbaud's estate after his death in 1891 and became his literary executor. Biography Isabelle Rimbaud was the youngest daughter of Marie Catherine Vitalie Cuif and Frédéric Rimbaud, who left the marital home leaving his wife with four small children. These were Frédéric at seven years, Arthur at six, Vitalie at two and Isabelle at eight months. Isabelle, like her siblings, grew up under the heel of an authoritarian and conservative mother who instilled in her strict principles based on Christian morality. Among the known letters of Arthur Rimbaud, several were exchanged with his sister Isabelle. When Arthur Rimbaud returned to Marseilles on 23 August 1891, Isabelle went with him. In her letters to her mother, she described the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Rimbaud
Frédéric Rimbaud (7 October 1814 in Dole – 16 November 1878 in Dijon) was a French infantry officer. He served in the conquest of Algeria, the Crimean War and the Sardinian Campaign. He is best known as the father of the poet Arthur Rimbaud. Biography Rimbaud, a Burgundian of Provençal extraction, was a captain in the 47th Regiment of Infantry; he had risen from the ranks, and he had spent much of his service outside France. From 1844 to 1850, he participated in the conquest of Algeria and in 1854 was awarded the Légion d'honneur "by Imperial decree". Captain Rimbaud was described as "good-tempered, easy-going and generous". He had literary ambitions, had written guides for Arabic learners and had translated the Quran into French. (Rimbaud later used his father's material for his own Arabic studies.) In October 1852, Rimbaud, then 38, was transferred to Mézières when he met his future wife, then 27, Marie Catherine Vitalie Cuif (10 March 1825 – 16 November 1907), w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitalie Rimbaud
Marie Catherine Vitalie Rimbaud, ''née'' Cuif, was better known simply as Vitalie Rimbaud, and was the mother of the visionary poet Arthur Rimbaud. She was born on 10 March 1825 and died on 16 November 1907. She met Captain Frédéric Rimbaud (1814–1878), a French infantry officer, in October 1852 and married him the following February. They had five children: * Nicolas Frédéric ("Frédéric"), born 2 November 1853 * the poet, Jean Nicolas Arthur ("Arthur"), born 20 October 1854 * Victorine Pauline Vitalie, born 4 June 1857 (she died a few weeks later) * Jeanne Rosalie Vitalie ("Vitalie"), born 15 June 1858 * Frédérique Marie Isabelle ("Isabelle"), born 1 June 1860. Though the marriage lasted seven years, her husband lived continuously in the matrimonial home for less than three months, from February to May 1853. The rest of the time Captain Rimbaud's military postings – including service in the Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitalie Rimbaud (1858–1875)
Vitalie Rimbaud (born Jeanne Rosalie Vitalie Rimbaud; 15 June 1858 in Charleville – 18 December 1875 in Charleville) was the elder of the two surviving sisters of Arthur Rimbaud. Biography Vitalie was the daughter of Marie Catherine Vitalie Cuif and Frédéric Rimbaud. The latter left the marital home in 1860, leaving his wife with four young children: Frédéric was seven, Arthur six, Vitalie two and Isabelle eight months. This did not include the oldest sister Victorine-Pauline-Vitalie, who had died at the age of a few weeks in 1857. Vitalie grew up under the thumb of an authoritarian and conservative mother who provided a strict education based on Christian morality. In contrast to her brothers, Frédéric and Arthur, who attended the Institut Rossat, a private secular school with an excellent reputation, Vitalie boarded with the nuns of the Sépuchrine Convent, in the Place du Sépulcre (nowadays the Place Jacques Félix). "At the age of 15, Vitalie Rimbaud had the ligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Verlaine
Paul-Marie Verlaine (; ; 30 March 1844 – 8 January 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement and the Decadent movement. He is considered one of the greatest representatives of the ''fin de siècle'' in international and French poetry. Biography Early life Born in Metz, Verlaine was educated at the ''Lycée Impérial Bonaparte'' (now the Lycée Condorcet) in Paris and then took up a post in the civil service. He began writing poetry at an early age, and was initially influenced by the Parnassien movement and its leader, Leconte de Lisle. Verlaine's first published poem was published in 1863 in ''La Revue du progrès'', a publication founded by poet Louis-Xavier de Ricard. Verlaine was a frequenter of the salon of the Marquise de Ricard (Louis-Xavier de Ricard's mother) at 10 Boulevard des Batignolles and other social venues, where he rubbed shoulders with prominent artistic figures of the day: Anatole France, Emmanuel Chabrier, inventor-poet and humoris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Bateau Ivre
"Le Bateau ivre" ("The Drunken Boat") is a 100-line verse-poem written in 1871 by Arthur Rimbaud. The poem describes the drifting and sinking of a boat lost at sea in a fragmented first-person narrative saturated with vivid imagery and symbolism. Background Rimbaud, then aged 16, wrote the poem in the summer of 1871 at his childhood home in Charleville in Northern France. Rimbaud included the poem in a letter he sent to Paul Verlaine in September 1871 to introduce himself to Verlaine. Shortly afterwards, he joined Verlaine in Paris and became his lover. Rimbaud was inspired to write the poem after reading Jules Verne's novel ''Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea'', which had recently been published in book form, and which is known to have been the source of many of the poem's allusions and images. Another Verne novel, ''The Adventures of Captain Hatteras'', was likely an additional source of inspiration. Summary The poem is arranged in a series of 25 alexandrine quatrains wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Carjat
Étienne Carjat (28 March 1828 – 8 March 1906) was a French journalist, caricaturist and photographer. He co-founded the magazine ''Le Diogène'', and founded the review '' Le Boulevard''. He is best known for his numerous portraits and caricatures of political, literary and artistic Parisian figures. His best-known work is the iconic portrait of Arthur Rimbaud which he took in October 1871. The location of much of his photography is untraceable after being sold to a Mr. Roth in 1923. Biography Carjat was born in Fareins, a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. When he was ten, his family moved to Paris, and in 1841, at the age of thirteen, he was apprenticed to Mr. Cartier, a silk manufacturer. At first he was employed in mundane activities, but he came to the attention of the chief designer, M. Henry, who was pleased with drawings he had made to amuse children and he was transferred to the design department. He remained there for three years. Interested in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbolism (arts)
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French art, French and Art of Belgium, Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against Naturalism (literature), naturalism and Realism (arts), realism. In literature, the style originates with the 1857 publication of Charles Baudelaire's ''Les Fleurs du mal''. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock Trope (literature), tropes and images. The aesthetic was developed by Stéphane Mallarmé and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and 1870s. In the 1880s, the aesthetic was articulated by a series of manifestos and attracted a generation of writers. The term "symbolist" was first applied by the critic Jean Moréas, who invented the term to distinguish the Symbolists from the related decadent movement, Decadents of literat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to leader André Breton, to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality", or ''surreality.'' It produced works of painting, writing, theatre, filmmaking, photography, and other media. Works of Surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and '' non sequitur''. However, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost (for instance, of the "pure psychic automatism" Breton speaks of in the first Surrealist Manifesto), with the works themselves being secondary, i.e. artifacts of surrealist experimentation. Leader Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charleville-Mézières
or ''Carolomacérienne'' , image flag=Flag of Charleville Mezieres.svg Charleville-Mézières () is a commune of northern France, capital of the Ardennes department, Grand Est. Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse. History Charleville and Mézières were originally separate communities on opposite banks of the Meuse, about from one another. Charleville was founded by Charles Gonzaga, the 8th duke of Mantua, in 1606. Its inhabitants were known as Carolopolitans (' or ''Carolopolitaines''). It was prosperous from the 17th century, although its fortifications were dismantled under LouisXIV in 1687 and it passed into French hands in 1708. It was plundered by the Prussians in 1815. France's royal armaments factory was formerly located there and gave its name to the Charleville musket, before being relocated and divided between Tulle and Châtellerault. In the 19th century, the city continued to produce arms through private firms, as well as nails, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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