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Richard Assmann
Richard Assmann (Anglicized spelling of the German name Richard Aßmann) (13 April 1845 in Magdeburg – 28 May 1918 in Gießen) was a German meteorologist and physician who was a native of Magdeburg. He made numerous contributions in high altitude research of the Earth's atmosphere. He was a pioneer of scientific aeronautics and considered a co-founder of aerology.Magdeburger Biographischen Lexikon (biography) In 1868 he received his medical doctorate in , and from 1870 to 1879 was a in |
Arthur Berson
Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson (6 August 1859 – 3 December 1942) was a Germany, German meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia (now Nowy Sącz, Poland). After visiting the gymnasium (school), gymnasium in Neu Sandez, Berson studied philology in University of Vienna, Vienna. He then studied meteorology and geography in Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold. In 1890 he was an assistant to meteorologist Richard Assmann, Richard Aßmann at the Meteorological Institute in Berlin. During this period of time he was also secretary of the ''Deutschen Verein zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt'', the first aeronautics, aeronautical organization in Germany. In 1900 he became ''Hauptobservator'' at the newly founded Aeronautics Observatory in Berlin-Tegel, and was later stationed at the Lindenberg Aeronautical Observatory in Beeskow. From 1896 to 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychrometer
image:Haar-Hygrometer.jpg, A hair tension dial hygrometer with a nonlinear scale. A hygrometer is an instrument that measures humidity: that is, how much water vapor is present. Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantities, such as temperature, pressure, mass, and mechanical or electrical changes in a substance as moisture is absorbed. By calibration and calculation, these measured quantities can be used to indicate the humidity. Modern electronic devices use the temperature of condensation (called the dew point), or they sense changes in electrical capacitance or Electrical resistance, resistance. The maximum amount of water vapor that can be present in a given volume (at Relative humidity, saturation) varies greatly with temperature; at low temperatures a lower mass of water per unit volume can remain as vapor than at high temperatures. Thus a change in the temperature changes the relative humidity. A prototype hygrometer was invented b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Meteorologists
German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman era) * German diaspora * German language * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (disam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Wikipedia
The German Wikipedia () is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on 16 March 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia edition (after the English Wikipedia). It has articles, making it the -largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles , behind the English Wikipedia and the mostly bot-generated Cebuano Wikipedia.meta:List of Wikipedias, Wikimedia list of Wikipedias and their statistics. Retrieved 5 January 2025.] Alternative language Wikipedias, 16 March 2001List of Wikipedias/Table meta.wikimedia.org, Statistics It has the second-largest number of edits and of active users behind the English Wikipedia. On 7 November 2011, the German Wikipedia became the second edition of Wikipedia, after the English edition, to exceed 100&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Current
In meteorology, air currents are concentrated areas of winds. They are mainly due to differences in atmospheric pressure or temperature. They are divided into horizontal and vertical currents; both are present at Mesoscale meteorology, mesoscale while horizontal ones dominate at Synoptic scale meteorology, synoptic scale. Air currents are not only found in the troposphere, but extend to the stratosphere and mesosphere. Horizontal currents A difference in air pressure causes an air displacement and generates the wind. The Coriolis force deflects the air movement to the right in the northern hemisphere and the left in the southern one, which makes the winds parallel to the isobars on an elevation in pressure card. It is also referred as the geostrophic wind. Pressure differences depend, in turn, on the average temperature in the air column. As the sun does not heat the Earth evenly, there is a temperature difference between the poles and the equator, creating air masses with more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Germany (geography)
Central Germany () or Middle Germany ( ), in geography, describes the areas surrounding the geographical centre of Germany. Hesse, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia are the only landlocked German states without an international border except for the city-states of Berlin and Hamburg. Geographical centre The central point shifted several times during the country's eventful history. Today Niederdorla in the state of Thuringia claims to be the most central municipality in Germany. A plaque was erected and a lime tree planted at after the 1990 German reunification. Niederdorla, German Wikipedia Retrieved 1 Nov 2011 The point was confirmed as the centroid of the extreme coordinates by the Dresden University of Technology. Niederdorla also comprises the centre of gravity ( equilibrium point) about to the southwest. Other municipalities competing are Krebeck in Lower Saxony and Edermünde in Hesse, as well as the village of Landstreit near Eisenach. The geographical centre of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands Academy Of Arts And Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (, KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes. Main functions The academy advises the Dutch government on scientific matters. While its advice often pertains to genuine scientific concerns, it also counsels the government on such topics as policy on careers for researchers or the Netherlands' contribution to major international projects. The academy offers solicited and unsolicited advice to parliament, ministries, universities and research institutes, funding agencies and international organizations. * Advising the government on matters related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buys Ballot Medal
The Buys Ballot Medal is a prize given out by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. It was instituted in 1888 to honour the achievements of the Dutch meteorologist C.H.D. Buys Ballot. The prize is awarded approximately every ten years to an individual that has made significant contributions to meteorology. The recipients have been: * 1893 – Julius von Hann, Austria * 1903 – Richard Assmann and Arthur Berson, Germany * 1913 – Hugo Hergesell, Germany * 1923 – Sir Napier Shaw, United Kingdom * 1933 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norway * 1948 – Sverre Petterssen, Norway * 1953 – Gustav Swoboda, Czech Republic * 1963 – Erik Palmén, Finland * 1973 – Joseph Smagorinsky, United States * 1982 – Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen, Denmark * 1995 – Veerabhadran Ramanathan, United States * 2004 – Edward Norton Lorenz, United States * 2014 – Sir Brian Hoskins, United Kingdom * 2023 – Sandrine Bony, France See a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Teisserenc De Bort
Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again from 1296 to 1301 * León (historical region), composed of the Spanish provinces León, Salamanca, and Zamora * Viscounty of Léon, a feudal state in France during the 11th to 13th centuries * Saint-Pol-de-Léon, a commune in Brittany, France * Léon, Landes, a commune in Aquitaine, France * Isla de León, a Spanish island * Leon (Souda Bay), an islet in Souda Bay, Chania, on the island of Crete North America * León, Guanajuato, Mexico, a large city * Leon, California, United States, a ghost town * Leon, Iowa, United States * Leon, Kansas, United States * Leon, New York, United States * Leon, Oklahoma, United States * Leon, Virginia, United States * Leon, West Virginia, United States * Leon, Wisconsin (other), Unite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth. It contains 80% of the total mass of the Atmosphere, planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface of the Earth, the average height of the troposphere is in the tropics; in the middle latitudes; and in the high latitudes of the polar regions in winter; thus the average height of the troposphere is . The term ''troposphere'' derives from the Greek words ''tropos'' (rotating) and ''sphere, sphaira'' (sphere) indicating that rotational turbulence mixes the layers of air and so determines the structure and the phenomena of the troposphere. The rotational friction of the troposphere against the planetary surface affects the flow of the air, and so forms the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that varies in height from hundreds of meters up to . The measures of the PBL vary according to the latitude, the landform, and the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atmospheric Stratification
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere serves as a protective buffer between the Earth's surface and outer space, shields the surface from most meteoroids and ultraviolet solar radiation, keeps it warm and reduces diurnal temperature variation (temperature extremes between day and night) through heat retention (greenhouse effect), redistributes heat and moisture among different regions via air currents, and provides the chemical and climate conditions allowing life to exist and evolve on Earth. By mole fraction (i.e., by quantity of molecules), dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other trace gases (see Composition below ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Scientific Balloon Flights
The Berlin scientific balloon flights (''Berliner wissenschaftliche Luftfahrten'') were a series of 65 manned and 29 unmanned balloon flights carried out between 1888 and 1899 by the German Society for the Promotion of Aeronautics (Germany), Society for the Promotion of Aeronautics to investigate the atmosphere above the planetary boundary layer. The flights were organized by Richard Assmann, Richard Aßmann, Professor at the Meteorological Institute of Berlin, who also developed the most important of the measurement instruments employed by them. The execution lay primarily in the hands of the military airship pilot Hans Georg Friedrich Groß, Hans Groß and the meteorologist Arthur Berson. In 1894, Berson flew with the balloon ''Phönix (Ballon), Phönix'' to a height of 9155 meters, the highest that any human had flown until then. Background Meteorology in the 1880s In the course of the 19th century, meteorology was no longer solely an observational and descriptive science. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
