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Rhabdospora Lesdainii
''Rhabdospora'' is a genus assigned to cells found in a variety of fish. First reported in 1892, there has since been disagreement over whether ''Rhabdospora'' represents a parasite of the phylum '' Apicomplexa'' or a specialized fish cell. History In 1892, Thélohan described unusual looking cells from the intestine of various fishes. In 1895, Laguessé named these cells ''Rhabdospora thelohani'' or "rodlet cells", determining them to be parasites that infect the fish. Since then, there has been disagreement over whether ''R. thelohani'' is an Apicomplexan parasite or a specialized intestinal fish cell. Description The exact nature and status of this genus remains an open question. Some authors consider the descriptions of this species to be an error while others have reported features consistent with its inclusion in the Apicomplexia. Host records * Spirlin ('' Alburnoides bipunctatus ohridanus'') * Antarctic snaggletooth ('' Borostomias antarcticus'') * European chub ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate endoparasites of animals, except '' Nephromyces'', a symbiont in marine animals, originally classified as a chytrid fungus. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are present only in certain gamete stages. The Apicomplexa are a diverse group that includes organisms such as the coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and plasmodia. Diseases caused by Apicomplexa include: * Babesiosis (''Babesia'') * Malaria (''Plasmodium'') * Cryptosporidiosis (''Cryptosporidium parvum'') * Cyclosporiasis (''Cyclospora cayetanensis'') * Cystoisosporiasis (''Cystoisosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aconoidasida
The Aconoidasida are a class of apicomplexan parasites created by Mehlhorn ''et al'' in 1980. Description Organisms in this class bear a tip at one end of their outer membrane. This apical complex includes vesicles called rhoptries and micronemes, which open at the anterior of the cell. These secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the polar ring. As the name indicates, Aconoidasida (from Greek: negative prefix ''a-'' = "lacking") lack a conoid (they do have one only during the ookinete stage) in contrast to the class Conoidasida which have one throughout their life cycle. See also *Haemosporidiasina Haemosporidiasina (Haemosporidia) is a subclass of apicomplexans described by Jacques Euzéby in 1988.Euzéby, J. (1988) Comparative Medical Protozoology, Vol. 3: Apicomplexa, 2: Haemosporidioses, Part 1: Plasmodiids, Haemoproteids, "Piroplasms" ... References Alveolata classes {{Api ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemosporidiasina
Haemosporidiasina (Haemosporidia) is a subclass of apicomplexans described by Jacques Euzéby in 1988.Euzéby, J. (1988) Comparative Medical Protozoology, Vol. 3: Apicomplexa, 2: Haemosporidioses, Part 1: Plasmodiids, Haemoproteids, "Piroplasms" (general characters) The taxon is very similar to Aconoidasida. Taxonomy Haemosporidiasina is divided into 2 orders: Order Chromatorida (with pigmented intraerythrocytic parasites) Suborder Laveraniina *Family Plasmodiidae ** Genus ''Bioccala'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus '' Biguetiella'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus ''Billbraya'' Paperna & Landau 1990 ** Genus '' Dionisia'' Landau ''et al'' 1980 ** Genus ''Hepatocystis'' Miller 1908 ** Genus '' Mesnilium'' Misra, Haldar & Chakravarty 1972 ** Genus ''Nycteria'' Garnham and Heisch 1953 ** Genus ''Plasmodium'' Marchiafava & Celli 1885 ** Genus ''Polychromophilus'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus ''Rayella'' Dasgupta 1967 ** Genus ''Saurocytozoon'' Lainson & Shaw 1969 ** Genus ''Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achromatorida
Achromatorida is an order (biology), order of non-pigmented intraerythrocytic parasitic alveolates belonging to the subclass Haemosporidiasina. The order was created by Jacques Euzéby in 1988. The taxonomy of these organisms has been one of some controversy. Weylon in 1926 grouped many of these genera into the genus ''Babesia'' - given what is now known about these genera this was probably an error. Agreement on the organisation of these genera probably cannot be regarded as being settled. Description These are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates. The parasites reproduce by Protozoal merogony, merogony without oocysts or spores. The apical complex has a polar ring and rhoptries. A conoid (organelle), conoid is lacking and most species lack the associated pellicular microtubules. Flagellae are lacking. The trophozoite stage is separated from erythrocyte by single membrane (in the other groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdospora Thelohani
''Rhabdospora'' is a genus assigned to cells found in a variety of fish. First reported in 1892, there has since been disagreement over whether ''Rhabdospora'' represents a parasite of the phylum '' Apicomplexa'' or a specialized fish cell. History In 1892, Thélohan described unusual looking cells from the intestine of various fishes. In 1895, Laguessé named these cells ''Rhabdospora thelohani'' or "rodlet cells", determining them to be parasites that infect the fish. Since then, there has been disagreement over whether ''R. thelohani'' is an Apicomplexan parasite or a specialized intestinal fish cell. Description The exact nature and status of this genus remains an open question. Some authors consider the descriptions of this species to be an error while others have reported features consistent with its inclusion in the Apicomplexia. Host records * Spirlin ('' Alburnoides bipunctatus ohridanus'') * Antarctic snaggletooth ('' Borostomias antarcticus'') * European chub ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apicomplexia
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic Alveolata, alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate parasite, obligate parasitism#types, endoparasites of animals, except ''Nephromyces'', a symbiosis, symbiont in marine animals, originally classified as a chytrid fungus. Motile structures such as flagellum, flagella or pseudopods are present only in certain gamete stages. The Apicomplexa are a diverse group that includes organisms such as the coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and Plasmodiidae, plasmodia. Diseases caused by Apicomplexa include: * Babesiosis (''Babesia'') * Malaria (''Plasmodium'') * Cryptosporidiosis (''Cryptosporidium parvum'') * C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alburnoides Bipunctatus
''Alburnoides bipunctatus'', known vernacularly as the schneider, spirlin, bleak, riffle minnow, and others, is a species of small (9-cm average length) freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou .... This fish inhabits rivers with very calm waters, and it eats dead insects and insect larvae, diatoms, and crustaceans. It reproduces during April to June. References Alburnoides Fish described in 1782 Cyprinid fish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borostomias Antarcticus
The large-eye snaggletooth (''Borostomias antarcticus''), also called the straightline dragonfish or Antarctic snaggletooth, is a species of fish in the family Stomiidae (barbeled dragonfishes). Description The large-eye snaggletooth is black in colour, up to in length. It has 9–13 dorsal soft rays and 12–17 anal soft rays. It is identified by the lack of high arch in the photophores behind the anal base, presence of double postorbital organ and the clear separation of the dagger-like teeth in its upper jaw. It has 40–60 lateral photophores extending along its belly and positioned in two straight lines. Habitat The large-eye snaggletooth is bathydemersal and mesopelagic, staying below during the day, sometimes as deep as . It is found in oceans worldwide. Behaviour The large-eye snaggletooth feeds on mysids, bony fish and crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
