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Revolutionary Civic Union
The Revolutionary Civic Union was the name of an armed paramilitary group and later far-right pro-fascist Costa Rican political party. The party was led by politician Frank Marshall Jiménez, denoted anti-communist and anti- Calderonista, who became a member of the Legislative Assembly. History Marshall was the son of an American mining businessman who died at the hands of Sandinista guerrillas in Nicaragua. His stepfather, Ricardo Steinvorth, of German origin, sent him to live in Germany where he was educated in the 1930s during the times of the Third Reich and even belonged to the Hitler Youth, but returned to Costa Rica after the Second World War sparked. The Calderón Guardia government declared war on Germany and brought all Costa Rican citizens and residents of German, Italian and Japanese origin into a concentration camp located in front of the Mercado Central on Avenida San Martín, San José, and their properties were confiscated. His stepfather was deported to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-communism
Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in the Russian Empire, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of movements which hold many different political positions, including conservatism, fascism, liberalism, nationalism, social democracy, libertarianism, or the anti-Stalinist left. Anti-communism has also been expressed in philosophy, by several religious groups, and in literature. Some well-known proponents of anti-communism are former communists. Anti-communism has also been prominent among movements resisting communist governance. The first organization which was specifically dedicated to opposing communism was the Russian White movement which fought in the Russian Civil War starting in 1918 against the recently established Bolshevik government. The White ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia
Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (March 8, 1900 – June 9, 1970) was a Costa Rican medical doctor and politician, who served as President from 1940 to 1944. Early life Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia was born on 8 March 1900 in San José. In his youth, Calderón Guardia studied in Costa Rica, France and Belgium, where he married Yvonne Clays Spoelders, who was later to be the first female diplomat of Costa Rica. After finishing his studies in Belgium, Calderón Guardia became a medical doctor and practicing surgeon, which he would remain for most of his life, even after serving as president. He became the Municipal President of San Jose at the age of 30 and in 1934 he won a seat in congress as a member of the Republican Party before being backed as a presidential candidate by then President Leon Cortes Castro in 1940. Presidency In 1940, with the support of conservative coffee elites, Calderón was elected President of Costa Rica. Shortly after becoming president-elect, he met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Echandi Jiménez
Mario José Echandi Jiménez (17 June 1915 – 30 July 2011) was the 33rd President of Costa Rica, serving from 1958 to 1962. As diplomat Mario Echandi was a career diplomat. Prior to his election, he had served as Costa Rica's ambassador to the United States and as the country's representative to both the United Nations and the Organization of American States (1949–1950). He also served as the minister of foreign affairs (1950-1952) under President Otilio Ulate and in the Legislative Assembly during President José Figueres's second term in office (1953–1958). His presidency President Echandi won the 1958 election by 102.851 votes as candidate of the National Union Party. Francisco J. Orlich was candidate of National Liberation Party with 94.778 and Jorge Rossi had 23.910 votes with the Independent Party. . During his administration some important laws were passed. The "Ley de Aguinaldo" law gave an extra yearly salary to all workers. A law that created the national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Costa Rica
The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The president is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two Vice President of Costa Rica, vice presidents are elected in the same ticket with the president. The president appoints the Council of Ministers. Due to the abolition of the military of Costa Rica in 1948, the president is not a commander-in-chief, unlike the norm in most other countries, although the Constitution of Costa Rica, Constitution does describe him as commander-in-chief of the civil defense Public Forces of Costa Rica, public forces. From 1969 to 2005, the president was barred from seeking reelection. After the amendment banning reelection was overturned by the Supreme Court of Justice of Costa Rica, Supreme Court in 2005, an incumbent president became eligible to run again after waiting for at least eight years after leaving office. Election The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 4 February 1962.Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich of the National Liberation Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 80.9%.Nohlen, p156 Background During Mario Echandi's presidency Rafael Angel Calderón, his family and supporters in exile, were allowed to return and a general amnesty was called for everyone involved in the still recent Civil War of 1948. Calderón was elected Congressman in the 1958 election. But meanwhile in the past election the National Liberation Party was split due to the separation of the “ Rossist” faction in this election Calderon's candidacy unified PLN and other political allies into a strong anti-Calderonist ballot. Both former presidents Otilio Ulate from National Union and Calderón himself from National Republican became candidates. PLN's candidate wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1966 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 6 February 1966.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 José Joaquín Trejos Fernández of the National Unification Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%.Nohlen, p156 These were very divisive elections as they had only two candidates. On one hand the government party PLN nominated the Minister of Foreign Affairs Daniel Oduber Quirós, whilst all the right-wing opposition joined forces and former enemies Rafael Calderón and his National Republican Party (Social Christian) merged with Otilio Ulate’s National Union (Liberal-Conservative) in the National Unification Party. Calderón and Ulate were enemies during the 1948 Civil War but put aside their differences and they agree that none of them will be candidate. The National Unification Party look forward a “neutral” candidate that could uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1958.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 Mario Echandi Jiménez of the National Union Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 64.7%.Nohlen, p156 Echandi was the only deputy for the National Union Party fraction for the 1953-1958 period, and he was in open opposition to the National Liberation Party (PLN) legislative fraction and the executive power presidency of Figueres Ferrer, also of PLN. During the tense invasion of 1955 when former president Rafael Angel Calderon's supporters and their international allies tried to invade Costa Rica's territory and were successfully repelled by Figueres Ferrer’ government, Echandi was accused of been Calderonista and been offered an office as minister from Calderón. Echandi denied it but was put under investigation by the Legislative Assembly. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribunal Supremo De Elecciones De Costa Rica
The Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica (TSE) ( es, Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica), is the supreme election commission of the Republic of Costa Rica. The Electoral Court was established in 1949 by the present Constitution of Costa Rica. Role The Electoral Court is independent of any other body and consists of three judges appointed by the Supreme Court of Justice to serve six-year terms. During the election period, the size of Electoral Court is expanded to five judges. Since its establishment, the Electoral Court has provided for transparent elections and is constitutionally responsible for organizing elections and assuring the integrity of their results. History The Cádiz Constitution of 1812 established Costa Rica's first elections. Politics of Costa Rica Political organizations based in Costa Rica Elections in Costa Rica Institutions of Costa Rica Electoral courts Tribunals {{CostaRica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calderonista Invasion Of Costa Rica
The Calderonista Invasion of Costa Rica was a small rebellion carried out in North-West Costa Rica by forces loyal to the disgruntled former president Rafael Calderón, and was supported by the Government of Nicaragua who were unhappy with the election of Jose "Pepe" Figueres Ferrer to the Costa Rican Presidency two years prior. Beginning The rebellion started on 7 January 1955 when forces loyal to former president Rafael Calderón, who were backed by the Nicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza García, crossed the border from Nicaragua into Costa Rica. Venezuelan dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez provided financial support to the rebels and, reportedly, air support. The rebel forces seized the border town of Villa Quesada on 12 January. Jose Figueres accused the CIA of covertly aiding Nicaragua's invasion by sending pilots and sorties to covertly attack Costa Rica, notably subjecting at least 11 villages to machine gun fire. Resolution The Costa Rican government appealed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Mora Valverde
Manuel Mora Valverde (27 August 1909 – 29 December 1994) was a communist and labor leader in Costa Rica. He was born in San José and helped to found the Workers and Farmers Party The Workers and Farmers Party was a Marxist political party in Trinidad and Tobago. The party was organised by former Democratic Labour Party leader Stephen Maharaj, C.L.R. James, George Weekes (of the Oilfields Workers Trade Union) and included ... (later the People's Vanguard Party) in 1931. For his contributions to the labor movement and to the institution of a welfare state, Mora was awarded the title '' Benemérito de la Patria'' by the Legislative Assembly. See also * Social Guarantees External links *A short biography 1909 births 1994 deaths People from San José, Costa Rica Costa Rican people of Spanish descent People's Vanguard Party (Costa Rica) politicians People of the Costa Rican Civil War Costa Rican revolutionaries Costa Rican atheists {{CostaRica-politician-stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rican Communist Party
The People's Vanguard Party, or Popular Vanguard Party () is a communist party in Costa Rica. PVP was founded in 1931 as the Workers and Farmers Party, but was soon renamed to the Communist Party of Costa Rica (''Partido Comunista de Costa Rica''). From 1931 to 1947, the party published '' Trabajo'' as a communist newspaper. The PVP's current publication is ''El Popular''. History In 1943 the party was renamed as PVP, in order to facilitate its alliance with the Catholic Church and the government, whose reformist policies the party supported. In 1949 the party was banned. Its militants began working under the name 'Partido Acción Socialista Obrera'.Rouquié, Alain/Arnaud, Hélène. ''Les Forces politiques en Amérique centrale''. KARTHALA Editions, 1991. p. 39-40 In the mid-1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 300.Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development', in The American Political Science Review ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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