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Revenue Stamps Of India
India has been a heavy user of revenue stamps, both before and after independence. The first revenues were issued in the mid-nineteenth century and they are still being issued to this day. Apart from issues for the whole of India, many princely states, provinces and other states also had or still have their own revenue stamp issues.Barefoot, John. ''British Commonwealth Revenues''. 9th edition. York: J. Barefoot, 2012, pp. 169-211. Before independence Before independence, Indian revenue stamps were closely modelled on similar designs from Great Britain, often using a key type design. Key types were used for several types of revenue, including: *Agreement *Broker's Note *Consular *Custodian's Fee *Entertainments (special issues for Bengal, Bombay and the United Provinces) *Foreign Bill *High Court Notarial *Insurance *Notarial *Revenue (Bombay only) *Share Transfer *Small Cause Court (Calcutta only) *Special Adhesive (including overprints for Vakil) Some taxes, however, had speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India 1861 3R Foreign Bill Stamp
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hundi
A hundi or hundee is a financial instrument that developed in Medieval India for use in trade and credit transactions. Hundis are used as a form of remittance instrument to transfer money from place to place, as a form of credit instrument or IOU to borrow money and as a bill of exchange in trade transactions. The Reserve Bank of India describes the hundi as "an unconditional order in writing made by a person directing another to pay a certain sum of money to a person named in the order." History Hundis have a very long history in India. Written records show their use at least as far back as the Twelfth century. The merchant Banarasi Das, born 1586, received a hundi for 200 rupees from his father to enable him to borrow money to start trading. During the colonial era, the British government regarded the hundi system as indigenous or traditional, but not informal. They were reluctant to interfere with it as it formed such an important part of the Indian economy and they also wis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxation In India
Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments by virtue of powers conferred to them from the Constitution of India. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as the Municipality. The authority to levy a tax is derived from the Constitution of India which allocates the power to levy various taxes between the Union Government and the State Governments. An important restriction on this power is Article 265 of the Constitution which states that "No tax shall be levied or collected except by the authority of law". Therefore, each tax levied or collected has to be backed by an accompanying law, passed either by the Parliament or the State Legislature. Nonetheless, tax evasion is a massive problem in India, ultimately catalyzing various negative effects on the country. In 2019–20, the Direct tax collections reported by CBDT were approximately INR 12.33 trillion. History India has abolished multiple taxes with passage of time and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolph Koeppel
Adolph Koeppel (11 April 1923 – 14 March 2009) "Adolph Koeppel (1923-2009)" by Abdul Mollah in ''The Revenue Journal'', The Revenue Society, Vol.XX, No.3, December 2009, p.85. was a distinguished American philatelist and author who wrote a number of authoritative works on the revenue stamps of India and Italy that remain the standard works in their areas. Prize-winning collections In 1989 Koeppel, with Ernest Raymond Douglas Manners (1929-1996), won the Crawford Medal from the Royal Philatelic Society London for the first two volumes of their work on Indian court fee stamps.''The Society's medals and honorary fellowship''. The Royal Philatelic Society London, 2009, p. 5. Keoppel's collection of British Empire impressed duty stamp An impressed duty stamp is a form of revenue stamp created by ''impressing'' ( embossing) a stamp onto a document using a metal die to show that the required ''duty'' (tax) had been paid. The stamps have been used to collect a wide variety of taxe . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revenue Stamps Of Pakistan
Pakistan first issued revenue stamps when it became independent in 1947 and continues to issue revenues to this day. In addition to national issues, the provinces of Balochistan, North West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh, as well as Azad Jammu and Kashmir, West Pakistan and the capital Islamabad also have or had their own stamps. Until 1947 Pakistan was part of India, and used Indian revenue stamps. A number of princely states which issued their own revenues also became part of Pakistan following independence, and therefore may also be considered as Pakistani forerunner issues. These include Bahawalpur and Las Bela. Prior to 1971, Pakistani national issues were used in both West Pakistan and East Pakistan. Later that year East Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh, which issues its own revenues to this day. National issues Like Great Britain and India, some of Pakistan's revenues were keytypes. They showed the star and crescent, Pakistan's national insignia. They w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revenue Stamps Of Bangladesh
Bangladesh first issued revenue stamps in 1972, the year after independence, and continues to do so to this day. Previously there was no country named Bangladesh and it was part of India (till 1947) and part of Pakistan (from 1947 to 1971) and respective revenues were used. From 1921 to 1947 various Indian revenues were overprinted BENGAL for use in modern Bangladesh and West Bengal. Since independence, Bangladesh has issued revenues for the following taxes:Barefoot, John. ''British Commonwealth Revenues''. 9th edition. York: J. Barefoot, 2012, pp. 65-75. *Airport Tax (1982–1988) *Cigarette Tax (c.1972-c.1975) *Court Fees (1973–1992) *Entertainment Tax (c.1972 – 1988) *Excise (1981–1986) *Foreign Bill (1978-c.1992) *Insurance (c.1978-c.1990) *Notarial Fee (1977–1993) *Passport and Visa (1972-c.1992) *Radio (1981–1991) *Revenue (1973–present) *Share Transfer (1978-c.1982) *Special Adhesive (1973–1987) *Traffic Offence Fine (1990–2001) *Vehicle Driving Licence (1977 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postage Stamps And Postal History Of India
Indian postal systems for efficient military and governmental communications had developed long before the arrival of Europeans. When the Portuguese India, Portuguese, Dutch India, Dutch, French India, French, Danish India, Danish and British India, British conquered Maratha Empire, the Marathas who had already defeated the Mughal Empire, Mughals, their postal systems existed alongside those of many somewhat independent states. The East India Company, British East India Company gradually annexed the other powers on the Indian subcontinent, sub-continent and brought into existence a British administrative system over most of modern-day India, with a need to establish and maintain both official and commercial mail systems. Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the East India Company's administrator of the province of Sindh, Sind. The Indian postal system developed into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1961 Indian Annexation Of Goa
The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed ', the then Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the "Liberation of Goa". In Portugal, it is referred to as the "Invasion of Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru had hoped that the popular movement in Goa and the pressure of world public opinion would force the Portuguese Goan authorities to grant it independence but since it did not have any effect, he decided to take it by force. The "armed action" was code named Operation Vijay (meaning "Victory" in Sanskrit) by the Indian Armed Forces. It involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of rule by Portugal over its remaining exclaves in India. The engagement lasted two days, and twenty-two Indians and thirty Portuguese were killed in the fighting. The brief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Annexation Of Dadra And Nagar Haveli
The Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli was the conflict in which the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli passed from Portuguese rule to independent rule, with Indian allegiance, in 1954. Dadra and Nagar Haveli were small undefended Portuguese overseas territories, part of Portuguese India since 1779. The territories were enclaves, without any access to the sea, administered by the Portuguese Governor of the district of Damão. After India attained independence in 1947, some residents, with the help of volunteers from left-wing organizations such as the United Front of Goans (UFG), the National Movement Liberation Organization (NMLO), the Goa People's Party (affiliated to Communist ideology), the Communist Party of India as well as right-wing organizations such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Azad Gomantak Dal (AGD) occupied Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954 and displaced Portuguese rule. The territories were subsequently merged into the Indian Union in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadra And Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a district of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in western India. It is composed of two separate geographical entities: Nagar Haveli, wedged in between Maharashtra and Gujarat states to the north-west, the smaller enclave of Dadra, which is surrounded by Gujarat. Silvassa is the administrative headquarters of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Unlike the surrounding areas, Dadra and Nagar Haveli was ruled by the Portuguese from 1783 until the mid-20th century. The area was captured by pro-India forces in 1954 and administered as the de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli before being annexed to India as a union territory, the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1961. The union territory was merged with the neighbouring union territory of Daman and Diu to form the new union territory of "Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu" on 26 January 2020. The territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli then became one of the thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese India
The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a sea route to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama, a subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. The capital of Portuguese India served as the governing centre of a string of military forts and trade posts scattered all over the Indian Ocean. The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida established his base of operations at Fort Manuel, after the Kingdom of Cochin negotiated to become a protectorate of Portugal in 1505. With the Portuguese conquest of Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate in 1510, Goa became the major anchorage for the Portuguese Armadas arriving in India. The capital of the viceroyalty was transferred from Cochin in the Malabar region to Goa in 1530. From 1535, Mumbai (Bombay) was a harbour of Portuguese India as '' Bom Bahia'', unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French India
French India, formally the ( en, French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian Subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were ''de facto'' incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were , Karikal, Yanaon (Andhra Pradesh) on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied. By 1950, the total area measured , of which belonged to the territory of . In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry. Context France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
