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Republican Society
The Republican Society (Dutch: ''Republikeins Genootschap'') is a Dutch republican movement, founded on 11 September 1996 in the Prinsenhof in Delft, at the initiative of Pierre Vinken. Its aim is to abolish the monarchy of the Netherlands. Founders and goal According to the Republican Society's website, there are fourteen founders: The idea was to start with fifteen members, and two absent people – Harry Mulisch and Schuitemaker– would be marked as co-founders ''in absentia''. However, Mulisch withdrew and thus brought the number to fourteen. These were all prominent members of Dutch society with influential positions in politics, science, business, education and journalism. The society does not have any bylaws. Unlike the New Republican Society, the Republican Society does not undertake actions to bring the republic closer. It proceeds from the notion that the mere existence of the Republican Society will be enough to enable the restoration of the Dutch Republic i ...
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Republicanism In The Netherlands
Republicanism is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state (polity), state organized as a republic. Historically, it emphasises the idea of self-rule and ranges from the rule of a representative minority or oligarchy to popular sovereignty. It has had different definitions and interpretations which vary significantly based on historical context and methodological approach. Republicanism may also refer to the non-ideological scientific approach to politics and governance. As the republican thinker and second president of the United States John Adams stated in the introduction to his famous ''A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America,'' the "science of politics is the science of social happiness" and a republic is the form of government arrived at when the science of politics is appropriately applied to the creation of a rationally designed government. Rather than being ideological, this approach focuses on applying a scientific ...
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Napkin
A napkin, serviette or face towelette is a square of cloth or paper tissue used at the table for wiping the mouth and fingers while eating. It is usually small and folded, sometimes in intricate designs and shapes. Etymology and terminology The term 'napkin' dates from the 14th century, in the sense of a piece of cloth or paper used at mealtimes to wipe the lips or fingers and to protect clothing. The word derives from the Late Middle English ''nappekin'', from Old French ''nappe'' (tablecloth, from Latin ''mappa''), with the suffix '' -kin''. A 'napkin' can also refer to a small cloth or towel, such as a handkerchief in dialectal British, or a kerchief in Scotland. 'Napkin' may also be short for "sanitary napkin". Description Conventionally, the napkin is folded and placed to the left of the place setting, outside the outermost fork. In a restaurant setting or a caterer's hall, it may be folded into more elaborate shapes and displayed on the empty plate. Origami techni ...
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Algemeen Dagblad
The ''Algemeen Dagblad'' () or ''AD'' () (English: "General Daily Paper") is a Dutch daily newspaper based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. History and profile ''Algemeen Dagblad'' was founded in 1946. The paper is published in tabloid format and is headquartered in Rotterdam. Its regional focus includes the cities and regions around Rotterdam, Utrecht and The Hague. ''AD Rotterdams Dagblad'' * ''Goudsche Courant'' -> ''AD Groene Hart'' * ''Rijn & Gouwe'' -> ''AD Groene Hart'' * ''Haagsche Courant'' -> ''AD Haagsche Courant'' * ''Utrechts Nieuwsblad'' -> ''AD Utrechts Nieuwsblad'' * ''Amersfoortsche Courant'' -> ''AD Amersfoortsche Courant'' * ''De Dordtenaar -> ''AD De Dordtenaar'' * ''Dagblad Rivierenland'' -> ''AD Rivierenland'' Chief editors Het Vaderland ''Het Vaderland'' was an independent newspaper founded in the Hague in 1869. In 1972, it became a regional supplement of Algemeen Dagblad for The Hague. In 1982, the newspaper was dissolved. Circulation In the period of 199 ...
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Crowned Republic
A crowned republic, also known as a monarchial republic, is an informal term that has been used to refer to a system of monarchy where the monarch's role may be seen as almost entirely ceremonial and where nearly all of the royal prerogatives are exercised in such a way that the monarch personally has little power over executive and constitutional issues. The term has been used by a small number of authors (below) to informally describe governments such as Australia and the United Kingdom, although these countries are classified as constitutional monarchies. A crowned republic may refer also for the historical republic with a doge as the head of the state, esp. Venice and Genoa. History As an informal term, "crowned republic" lacks any set definition as to its meaning, and the precise difference between a constitutional monarchy and a "crowned republic" remains vague. Different individuals have described various states as crowned republics for varied reasons. For example, James B ...
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Youth Organisation Freedom And Democracy
The Youth Organisation Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Jongerenorganisatie Vrijheid en Democratie, JOVD) is a Dutch political youth organisation. The JOVD cooperates with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), but is politically independent. Having trained several well-known members of the House of Representatives and ministers (including Prime Minister Mark Rutte), the JOVD is a highly-regarded political school. The JOVD is a member of the European Liberal Youth (LYMEC) and the International Federation of Liberal Youth The International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY) is an international liberal youth organization. It consists of a global membership of national youth organizations. These are often but not exclusively affiliated with political parties that ... (IFLRY). References External linksOfficial website 1949 establishments in the Netherlands Youth organizations established in 1949 People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Liberalism in the Nether ...
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Young Socialists (Netherlands)
The Young Socialists in the PvdA ( nl, Jonge Socialisten in de PvdA, JS) is a Dutch social-democratic youth organisation. The JS is a politically independent organisation, but is affiliated with the Labour Party (PvdA). Members must be between 12 and 28 years old. Members are not required to be a member of the Labour Party. JS used to be a democratic socialist organisation that promotes the full participation of young people in society. Since 2007 however, the JS has adapted social democracy as their ideology, calling for "a peaceful and just world with happy and committed people." The JS has a very diverse and active memberbase and is entirely run by young people. They organise trainings on different topics ranging from intercultural learning, European integration, human rights, theater, etc. They have debates, public awareness campaigns and excursions and also publish their own magazine, called LAVA. JS is a member organisation of International Union of Socialist Youth and ...
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Young Democrats (Netherlands)
The Young Democrats ( nl, Jonge Democraten, JD) is the social-liberal youth organisation of the Netherlands, founded in 1984. With over 5,000 members it's the largest political youth organisation of the Netherlands. Although independent, the Young Democrats are affiliated with the Dutch social-liberal party Democrats 66 (D66). Principles According to the Declaration of Principles, the Young Democrats are a liberal-democratic youth organisation. The main objective of the Young Democrats is to contribute to the individual development of every person. Core values of the Young Democrats are liberty, equality, solidarity, sustainability and pragmatism. Also, the Young Democrats are in favour of radical democratisation of society. Policies * The Young Democrats advocate preparing the Netherlands for the consequences of an ageing society. They suggest increasing labour participation by reforming social security. JD is in favour of gradually raising the retirement age to 67 years from the ...
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Wim Kok
Willem "Wim" Kok (; 29 September 1938 – 20 October 2018) was a Dutch politician and trade union leader who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 August 1994 until 22 July 2002.Wim Kok: bezuiniger tegen wil en dank
, Elsevier, 29 March 2012.
He was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). Kok studied at the Nyenrode Business School obtaining a

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De Groene Amsterdammer
''De Groene Amsterdammer'' is an independent Dutch weekly news magazine published in Amsterdam and distributed throughout the Netherlands. It is conventionally considered to be one of the four major weeklies, alongside ''HP/De Tijd'', ''Vrij Nederland'' and ''Elsevier''. History and profile ''De Groene Amsterdammer'' was founded in 1877, making it one of the oldest Dutch news magazines still in existence. The magazine started under the name ''De Amsterdammer'', meaning "someone (or something) from Amsterdam". In its early days green ink was used, later causing the word ''groene'' (green) to be added to its name when a second newspaper in Amsterdam was published under the same name ''De Amsterdammer''. The name ''De Groene Amsterdammer'' became official in 1925. As its title implies the weekly is based in Amsterdam. During the German occupation between 1940 and 1945 the magazine temporarily ceased publication. Over the course of time the magazine manifested itself in Dutch media wi ...
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De Telegraaf
''De Telegraaf'' (; en, The Telegraph) is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper. Haro Kraak,Gaat Paul Jansen de crisis bij De Telegraaf oplossen?, '' de Volkskrant'', 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015. Paul Jansen has been the editor-in-chief since August 2015. ''De Telegraaf'' is based in Amsterdam. The paper is owned by Mediahuis. History 19th century ''De Telegraaf'' was founded by Henry Tindal, who simultaneously started another paper ''De Courant'' ("The Gazette"). The first issue appeared on 1 January 1893. 20th century Following Tindal's death on 31 January 1902 the printer HMC Holdert, with backing from financiers, took over ''De Telegraaf'' and ''De Courant'' on 12 September 1902. This proved to be a good investment, particularly with regard to ''De Courant'', enabling Holdert between 1903 and 1923 to take over one newspaper after another, suspending publication as he went. He added the name ''Amsterdamsche Courant'' ("Amsterdam Gazette") as a subtitle to ''De Tel ...
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NRC Handelsblad
''NRC'', previously called ''NRC Handelsblad'' (), is a daily morning newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media. It is generally accepted as a newspaper of record in the Netherlands. History ''NRC Handelsblad'' was first published on 1 October 1970 after a merger of the Amsterdam newspaper ''Algemeen Handelsblad'' (founded 1828 by J.W. van den Biesen) and the Rotterdam ''Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant'' (founded 1844 by Henricus Nijgh). The paper's motto is ''Lux et Libertas'' – Light (referring to the Age of Enlightenment) and Freedom. Editor was succeeded on 12 December 2006, by . After a dispute with the new owners Donker had to step down on 26 April 2010 and was replaced by Belgian . In 2019, he was succeeded by René Moerland. On 7 March 2011, the paper changed its format from broadsheet to tabloid. The circulation of ''NRC Handelsblad'' in 2014 was 188,500 copies, putting it in 4th place among the national dailies. In 2015 the NRC Media group was acquired by ...
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Minutes
Minutes, also known as minutes of meeting (abbreviation MoM), protocols or, informally, notes, are the instant written record of a meeting or hearing. They typically describe the events of the meeting and may include a list of attendees, a statement of the activities considered by the participants, and related responses or decisions for the activities. Etymology The name "minutes" possibly derives from the Latin phrase ''minuta scriptura'' (literally "small writing") meaning "rough notes". Creation Minutes may be created during the meeting by a typist or court reporter, who may use shorthand notation and then prepare the minutes and issue them to the participants afterwards. Alternatively, the meeting can be audio recorded, video recorded, or a group's appointed or informally assigned secretary may take notes, with minutes prepared later. Many government agencies use minutes recording software to record and prepare all minutes in real-time. Purpose Minutes are the officia ...
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