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Republic Of Cuba (1902–1959)
The Republic of Cuba, covering the historical period in Cuban history between 1902 and 1959, was an island country comprised the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud (after 1925) and several minor archipelagos. The period began in 1902 following the end of its first U.S. military occupation years after Cuba declared independence in 1898 from the Spanish Empire. This era included various changing governments and U.S. military occupations, and ended with the outbreak of the Cuban Revolution in 1959. During this period, the United States exerted great influence on Cuban politics, notably through the Platt Amendment. The governments of Cuba between independence from Spain and the Revolution have been regarded as client state of the United States. From 1902 to 1934, Cuban and U.S. law included the Platt Amendment, which guaranteed the United States right to intervene in Cuba, making it a U.S. protectorate, and placed restrictions on Cuban foreign relations. In 1934, Cuba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Cuba In Arms
The Republic of Cuba in Arms () was the government that occupied the revolutionary era of Cuba that existed in two periods, the first period occurring during the Ten Years' War from 1868 to 1878, governed by the Guáimaro Constitution, and the second period, following the Little War (Cuba), Little War, occurring during the Cuban War of Independence from 1895 to 1899, governed by the Jimaguayú Constitution. The first President of the Cuban Republic in Arms was Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. The first Vice President of Cuba, Vice President of the Republic in Arms was Francisco Vicente Aguilera. Tenure of President Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (1868–1873) The Cry of Yara On October 10, 1868, the Bell of La Demajagua was rung at the Demajagua farm, gathering the slaves and free men in the surrounding area to hear a proclamation of freedom by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes who was standing on the roof of the building. Carlos Manuel also freed his slaves. On October 10, 1868, the Cub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-presidential System
A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has an executive president independent of the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959, in an article by the journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by the political scientist Maurice Duverger. Both men intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958). Definition Maurice Duverger's original definition of semi-presidentiali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the elder" or "old man") and therefore considered wiser and more experienced members of the society or ruling class. However the Roman Senate was not the ancestor or predecessor of modern parliamentarism in any sense, because the Roman senate was not a de jure legislative body. Many countries have an assembly named a ''senate'', composed of ''senators'' who may be elected, appointed, have inherited the title, or gained membership by other methods, depending on the country. Modern senates typically serve to provide a chamber of "sober second thought" to consider legislation passed by a lower house, whose members are usually elected. Most senates have asymmetrical duties and powers compared with their respective lower house meaning they have sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Cuba
The Congress of Cuba () was the legislature of Cuba from 20 May 1902 until the Cuban Revolution of 1959. The Congress consisted of the 130-member Chamber of Representatives (''Cámara de Representantes'') and the 54-member Senate (''Senado'') in December 1958. The first Cuban Congress met for the first time on May 5, 1902. Generally, Congress held at least two sessions during a given year. Meetings were interrupted by the Second Occupation of Cuba after the session of September 28, 1906. Following the re-establishment of Cuban-based government in 1909 it met without interruption from January 13, 1909, until April 1933, a few months before President Gerardo Machado was overthrown. During the presidency of Ramon Grau the country's legislative apparatus was largely undertaken by Grau's administration under the auspices of the student revolutionary junta. Commencing with the provisional presidency of Carlos Mendieta a ''Consejo de Estado'' (Council of State) undertook advisory leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Miró Cardona
José Miró Cardona (22 August 1902 – 10 August 1974) was a Cuban politician. He served as Prime Minister for a period of some six weeks in early 1959, following his appointment by President Manuel Urrutia on 5 January 1959. On 13 February 1959, Miró unexpectedly resigned and was replaced by Fidel Castro. Early life Miró was a lawyer and professor at the University of Havana and had become a noted leader in the civil opposition to President Fulgencio Batista.''A Thousand days:John F Kennedy in the White House'' Arthur Schlesinger Jr 1965 He had inspired students to work for the Cuban Revolution. Following his brief spell as Prime Minister of Cuba, Castro designated Miró ambassador to Spain in May 1960. But by July, Miró had rejected the policies of Castro, resigned his post and had sought refuge in the Argentine Embassy. He entered the United States as an exile in the winter of 1960–61. Revolutionary Council and the Bay of Pigs invasion In the U.S. Miró became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Saladrigas Zayas
Carlos Saladrigas Zayas (''Carlos Eduardo Ramón Saladrigas y Zayas''; October 13, 1900 – 15 April 1956) was a Cuban politician and diplomat. Career He was an abogado-notario who served as Senator (1936-1940), Minister of Justice (1934), Foreign Minister (1933) and (1955-1956), Prime Minister of Cuba (1940-1942), Ambassador to Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ..., and presidential candidate in the elections of 1944. Personal life He was the son of Enrique Saladrigas Lunar and María Luisa Zayas y Diago. He married his wife, María de las Mercedes González-Llorente y Martínez in 1923 and they had two children, Gloria and Carlos Saladrigas y González-Llorente. He later married Esperanza Plasencia y del Peso and lastly Cusa Carrillo. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Cuba
The prime minister of Cuba (), officially known as the president of the Council of Ministers () between 1976 and 2019, is the head of government of Cuba and the chairman of the Council of Ministers (cabinet). The prime minister is the third-highest office in Cuba, after the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba and the president of Cuba, and the second-highest state office. History The office of prime minister was first instituted in 1940 in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of Cuba as amended in that year. The first prime minister of Cuba was Carlos Saladrigas Zayas (1900–1957), the nephew of former President Alfredo Zayas. The prime minister was also sometimes referred to as "premier" (). Between 1940 and 1959, Cuba saw fifteen changes of prime minister; Félix Lancís Sánchez exercised the role twice (1944–1945 and 1950–1951) while Fulgencio Batista held the position concurrently with that of president of Cuba for one month (April 1952) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Guas Inclán
Rafael Guas Inclán (1896 – October 12, 1975) was a Cuban politician and Vice President of Cuba. He was son of Carlos Guas Pagueras, a Cuban independence general and senator and Rosa Inclan. He was graduate of the University of Havana School of Law where he also later taught classes. Guas was lifelong member of the Liberal Party of Cuba, in 1925 was the youngest elected person to the Cuban House of Representatives, which he presided from April 1927 to August 1933. Guas went into exile, with his father and brother Gregorio (a dentist and also member of the Cuban House of Representatives) after President Gerardo Machado was overthrown in August 1933. The three were involved in an automobile accident in Miami on Dec. 6, 1935, as a result of which their father died. The brothers then returned to Cuba to bury their father. He was a delegate to the Cuban Constitutional Convention 1939-40. He served as senator (1940–44) and governor of the Havana province (1944–48). He was Mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Estévez Y Romero
Don Luis Gonzaga Irene Estévez y Romero was a Cuban lawyer, politician, philosopher, naturalist, and the first Vice President of the Republic of Cuba, during the first term of President Tomás Estrada Palma. He was the husband of the prominent Cuban philanthropist Marta Abreu, the "Patroness of Cuba." Early life and legal career Estévez was born in Matanzas, Cuba, to José Torcuato Estévez and Luisa Romero. Coming from a humble background, he lost his father during his teenage years. In 1863, he enrolled at La Empresa School, where he later taught from 1868 to 1869. In 1866, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with high honors and subsequently enrolled at the University of Havana to study medicine. However, he later switched to study law in 1868. He earned his Bachelor of Law degree in 1872, followed by a Licentiate in 1873, and a doctorate in 1878, becoming a Doctor of Civil and Canon Law. In 1868, Estévez met Marta Abreu, a philanthropist from Santa Clara who was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Cuba
The vice president of Cuba, previously the vice president of the Council of State between 1976 and 2019, is the second highest political position obtainable in the Council of State of Cuba. Currently there is a provision for several vice presidents, who are elected in the same manner as the president of Cuba. Historically, the vice president of Cuba was elected in the same ticket with the president. The position has been in use 1902–1928, 1936, 1940–1958, and since 1976. List of officeholders Vice presidents of the Republic in Arms (1869–1899) Vice presidents of the Republic (1902–1959) First vice presidents of the Council of State (1976–2019) Vice President of the Republic of Cuba (2019–present) See also *Elections in Cuba *President of Cuba * List of current vice presidents *Republic of Cuba (1902–1959) *Republic of Cuba in Arms References {{DEFAULTSORT:Vice President of Cuba Political office-holders in Cuba Cuba Cuba, officially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Piedra
Carlos Manuel Piedra y Piedra (or Carlos Modesto Piedra y Piedra) (1895–1988) was a Cuban politician who served as the Interim President of Cuba for nearly a day (January 1, 1959) during the transition of power between Fulgencio Batista and revolutionary leader Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution. Piedra was appointed interim president by a junta led by Major General Eulogio Cantillo in accordance with the 1940 Cuban Constitution. Piedra had previously been the eldest judge of the Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of .... The appointment of Piedra, the last president to be born under Spanish Cuba, was met with opposition from Castro, who believed that Manuel Urrutia should be appointed. He was married to María Luisa Martínez Díaz and had two daught ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who played a dominant role in Cuban politics from his initial rise to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants. He ruled Cuba as a military dictator until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959. He served as president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and again from 1952 to his 1959 resignation. Raised in humble circumstances, Batista first came to prominence in the Revolt of the Sergeants, which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada. Batista then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member "pentarchy" that functioned as the collective head of state. He maintained control through a series of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was elected president on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
