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Republic Of Crimea (1992–1995)
The Republic of Crimea was the interim name of a polity on the Crimean peninsula between the dissolution of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1992 and the abolition of the Crimean Constitution by the Ukrainian Parliament in 1995. This period was one of conflict with the Ukrainian government over the levels of autonomy that Crimea enjoyed in relation to Ukraine and links between the ethnically Russian Crimea and the Russian Federation. Background Crimea is overwhelmingly ethnically Russian at around 70% of the population in 1994, unlike any other area of Ukraine. Traditionally it had been a part of Russia, although this had changed in 1954 with the transfer of Crimea to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 there were fears that an independent Ukraine would aggressively follow a policy of Ukrainianization on the ethnically Russian peninsula. There were also conflicting claims between Russia and Ukraine for own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simferopol
Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is under the ''de facto'' control of Russia, which Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea in 2014 and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea. Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. After the 1784 Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of the city with the name Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque"). The population was Etymologies The name Simferopol ( uk, Сімферо́ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Russians In Ukraine
Russians are the largest ethnic minority in Ukraine. This community forms the largest single Russian community outside of Russia in the world. In the 2001 Ukrainian census, 8,334,100 identified as ethnic Russians (17.3% of the population of Ukraine); this is the combined figure for persons originating from outside of Ukraine and the Ukrainian-born population declaring Russian ethnicity. Geography Ethnic Russians live throughout Ukraine. They comprise a notable fraction of the overall population in the east and south, a significant minority in the center, and a smaller minority in the west. The west and the center of the country feature a higher percentage of Russians in cities and industrial centers and much smaller percentage in the overwhelmingly Ukrainophone rural areas. Due to the concentration of the Russians in the cities, as well as for historic reasons, most of the largest cities in the center and the south-east of the country (including Kyiv where Russians amount to 13 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Movement Of Crimea
Republican Party of Crimea ( uk, Республіканська партія Криму, ''Respublikanska partiya Krymu''; russian: Республиканская партия Крыма, ''Respublikanskaya partiya Kryma'') was a regional separatist political party of Ukraine, that was created in 1992 based on the Republican Movement of Crimea and fought for the incorporation of Crimea into the Russian Federation. Historical background The Republican Movement of Crimea (RDK) was founded in 1991 in the aftermath of the Ukrainian Declaration of Independence. Its goal was to revive the republican status of the region and its sovereignty. It has been alleged that the movement was financed by the local company "Impeks-55" and supported by a criminal gang "Bashmaki" (after its leader Bashmakov).Gorevoi, R. "Impeks-55-Krym" is a cradle of RDK («Импэкс-55-Крым» — колыбель РДК) Ostrov Krym. 2000 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Crimean Sovereignty Referendum
A referendum on sovereignty was held in the Crimean Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR on 20 January 1991,Crimean Tatars: Reflections On “Autonomy” Day UNPO two months before the 1991 Soviet Union referendum, 1991 All-Union referendum. Voters were asked whether they wanted to re-establish the Crimean ASSR (1991-1992), Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which had been abolished in 1945. The proposal was approved by 94% of voters. Background 
The Crimean ASSR was originally created in 1921, as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR in the ...
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Oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ, but some still use a cognate of the Russian term, e.g., ''vobłasć'' (''voblasts'', ''voblasts'', official orthography: , Taraškievica: , ) is used for regions of Belarus, ' (plural: ') for regions of Kazakhstan, and ''oblusu'' (') for regions of Kyrgyzstan. The term is often translated as "area", "zone", "province" or "region". The last translation may lead to confusion, because "raion" may be used for other kinds of administrative division, which may be translated as "region", "district" or "county" depending on the context. Unlike "province", translations as "area", "zone", and "region" may lead to confusion because they have very common meanings other t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taurida Subdistrict
During World War II, the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula was subject to military administration by Nazi Germany following the success of the Crimean campaign. Officially part of ''Generalbezirk Krym-Taurien'', an administrative division of ''Reichskommissariat Ukraine'', Crimea proper never actually became part of the Generalbezirk, and was instead subordinate to a military administration. This administration was first headed by Erich von Manstein in his capacity as commander of the 11th Army (Wehrmacht), 11th Army and then by Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist as commander of Army Group A. German interests in Crimea were multifaceted and a matter of great sensitivity due to Germany–Turkey relations, with Turkey serving as the primary champion of the rights of Crimean Tatars. Basing their interests in Crimea off of the historical existence of the Crimean Goths (the last surviving Gothic peoples), German authorities sought to transform Crimea into a tourist destination, including the depo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sevastopol Naval Base
The Sevastopol Naval Base (russian: Севастопольская военно-морская база; uk, Севастопольська військово-морська база) is a naval base located in Sevastopol, in the Political status of Crimea, disputed Crimean peninsula. The base is used by the Russian Navy, and it is the main base of the Black Sea Fleet. Geography The Sevastopol Naval Base is completely located within the Administrative and municipal divisions of Sevastopol, administrative territory of Sevastopol. It has several berths located in several bays of Sevastopol – Severnaya Bay, Severnaya (russian: Северная бухта; uk, Північна бухта), Yuzhnaya Bay, Yuzhnaya (russian: Южная бухта; uk, Південна бухта), Karantinnaya Bay, Karantinnaya (russian: Карантинная бухта; uk, Карантинна бухта) and others. History The construction of the port started in 1772, while the Russo-Tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Black Sea Fleet
Chernomorskiy flot , image = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet , dates = May 13, 1783 – present , country = , allegiance = , branch = Russian Navy , type = , role = Naval warfare; Amphibious military operations;Combat patrols in the Black Sea;Naval presence/diplomacy missions in the Mediterranean and elsewhere , size = 25,000 personnel (including marines) c. 40 surface warships (surface combatants, amphibious, mine warfare) plus support and auxiliaries 7 submarines (2 of which are in the Mediterranean as of March 2022) , command_structure = Russian Armed Forces , garrison = Sevastopol ( HQ), Feodosia (Crimea) Novorossiysk, Tuapse, T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainianization
Ukrainization (also spelled Ukrainisation), sometimes referred to as Ukrainianization (or Ukrainianisation) is a policy or practice of increasing the usage and facilitating the development of the Ukrainian language and promoting other elements of Ukrainian culture in various spheres of public life such as education, publishing, government, and religion. The term is also used to describe a process by which non-Ukrainians or Russian-speaking Ukrainians come to accept Ukrainian culture and language as their own. A major early case of Ukrainization relates to the Soviet indigenization policy of the 1920s (''korenizatsiya'', literally "putting down roots"), which aimed at strengthening Soviet power in the territory of Soviet Ukraine and in southern regions of the Russian SFSR. In various forms, Ukrainization policies also played out in several different periods of the 20th-century history of Ukraine, although with somewhat different goals and in different historical contexts. Ukrain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breakup Of The Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics alread ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, group=note), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, or UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. In the anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, anthem of the Ukrainian SSR, it was referred to simply as ''History of Ukraine, Ukraine''. Under the Soviet One-party state, one-party model, the Ukrainian SSR was governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union through its Soviet democracy, republican branch: the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Ukraine. The first iterations of the Ukrainian SSR were established during the Russian Revolution, particularly after the October Revol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 Transfer Of Crimea
The transfer of the Crimean Oblast in the Soviet Union in 1954 was an administrative action of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union that transferred the government of the Crimean Peninsula from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR. Background Prior to being incorporated into the Russian Empire, the Crimean Peninsula was independent under the Crimean Khanate. The Muslim Turkic peoples, Turkic Crimean Tatars were under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, while also bordering an increasingly aggressive Russian Empire. In 1774, following the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74, the Russian and Ottoman empires agreed to refrain from interfering with Crimean Khanate through the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. In 1783, following the increasing decline of the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, annexed the Crimean Khanate. Within Russia, the peninsula was trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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