|
Rengua
Rengua or Mangi Rengua Kiwaria Kombe (1784–1837), also known as Mangi Rengua of Machame (''Mangi Rengua'' in Kichagga; (''Mfalme Meli'' in Swahili) was a king of the Chaga in Machame, one of the sovereign Chagga states in the early 1800s. ''Mangi'' means king in Kichagga. Rengua founded the Kombe dynasty, which ruled until the 1960s, including through times of anarchy and competing independent clans. He consolidated Machame as one of the most powerful kingdoms in Chaggaland and is considered one of the greatest leaders in Machame history. He is also known for massacring Kibosho initiates at Kinduchi, Lyamuro, prompting the rivalry between Kibosho and Machame. Early life and rise to power Rengua was born to Mangi Kiwaria, a great warrior in the late 1790s in Machame. Bruno Gutmann, a German writer who visited Machame in the late 1840s, notes that Kiwaria had been ridiculed because he only had daughters. He sent Rengua to the Varoo on Mount Meru to the west of Kilimanjaro, dres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machame
Machame or Kingdom of Machame (''Kwamangi ya Mashame'' in Chaga languages, Kichagga), (''Ufalme wa Machame'' in Swahili language, Swahili) was a historic sovereign Chagga states, Chagga state located in modern day Machame Kaskazini ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. Historically, the Machame kingdom was in 1889 referred by Hans Meyer (geographer), Hans Meyer as a great African giant, the kingdom was also the largest and most populous of all the Chagga sovereign states on Mount Kilimanjaro, Kilimanjaro, whose ruler as early as 1849 was reckoned as a giant African king with influence extending throughout all Chaga people, Chagga states except Rombo. By the 1860s, a German explorer Von der Decken (popularly known to the Chagga as ''Baroni''), presented Machame as a confederation of western Chagga states comprising Narumu, Kindi, Kombo, to as far as the Western end of Kibongoto (Siha), each with their own chiefs under the king of Machame. 'Baroni' observed that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bwana Kheri
Bwana Kheri (born in the 1810s) was a Swahili long-distance caravan trader who lived in present day Mombasa. He is known for guiding into the interior of the present day northern Tanzania after he guided the German missionary Johannes Rebmann of the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS) in late 1848. Biography Kheri was a close friend of the Mombasa governor of the Busaidi Mazuri clan, who recommended him to Rebmann. Kheri was about to embark on one of his recurring trips to Mount Kilimanjaro with his own trade caravan when Rebmann decided to travel with him. Kheri was already well-traveled at this point. His expertise covered much of East Africa, from the coast inland to beyond the western border of Lake Tanganyika. Further investigation confirmed the accuracy of his findings, such as his assertion that the great lakes are different bodies of water rather than a single body of water. The only other character comparable is the Swahili, Sadi, although he lacked Kheri's dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bow And Arrow
The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles ( arrows). Humans used bows and arrows for hunting and aggression long before recorded history, and the practice was common to many prehistoric cultures. They were important weapons of war from ancient history until the early modern period, where they were rendered increasingly obsolete by the development of the more powerful and accurate firearms. Today, bows and arrows are mostly used for hunting and sports. Archery is the art, practice, or skill of using bows to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 A person who shoots arrows with a bow is called a bowman or an archer. Someone who makes bows is known as a bowyer,Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 31 someone who makes arrows is a fletcher,Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 56 and someone who manufactures metal arrowheads is an arrowsmith.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Arche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conquest
Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms. Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and various Muslim conquests, to mention just a few. The Norman conquest of England provides an example: it built on cultural ties, led to the subjugation of the Kingdom of England to Norman control and brought William the Conqueror to the English throne in 1066. Conquest may link in some ways with colonialism. England, for example, experienced phases and areas of Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Franco-Norman colonisation and conquest. Methods of conquest The Ottomans used a method of gradual, non-military conquest in which they established suzerainty over their neighbours and then displaced their ruling dynasties. This concept was first systematized by Halil İnalcık. Conquests of this sort did no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weru Weru River
Weru Weru River(''Mto Weru Weru'' in Swahili) is found in northern Tanzania, in the Kilimanjaro Region. It rises in the Moshi District's Machame Mashariki ward and empties into the Pangani River. The Weru Weru River, like the Kikafu River Kikafu River(''Mto Kikafu'' in Swahili) is located in the northern Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. It begins in Machame Mashariki ward in Moshi District Moshi Urban District (officially known as Moshi City Council) is an administrative district ..., is significant to the history of the Chagga in the Machame kingdom.Burnett, G. F. “The Effects of Irrigation, Cultivation and Some Insecticides on the Soil Arthropods of an East African Dry Grassland.” Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 5, no. 1, 1968, pp. 141–56. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2401279. Accessed 9 May 2023. References Rivers of Tanzania {{Kilimanjaro-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machame Mashariki
Machame Mashariki is an administrative ward in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and .... The ward covers an area of , and has an average elevation of . According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 13,084. References Wards of Hai District Wards of Kilimanjaro Region {{Kilimanjaro-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spear
A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the shaft itself, as is the case with fire hardened spears, or it may be made of a more durable material fastened to the shaft, such as bone, flint, obsidian, iron, steel, or bronze. The most common design for hunting or combat spears since ancient times has incorporated a metal spearhead shaped like a triangle, lozenge, or leaf. The heads of fishing spears usually feature barbs or serrated edges. The word '' spear'' comes from the Old English '' spere'', from the Proto-Germanic ''speri'', from a Proto-Indo-European root ''*sper-'' "spear, pole". Spears can be divided into two broad categories: those designed for thrusting as a melee weapon and those designed for throwing as a ranged weapon (usually referred to as javelins or darts). The spear has been used throughout human history both as a hunting and fishing tool and as a weapon. Along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cattle
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus ''Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult males are referred to as bulls. Cattle are commonly raised as livestock for meat (beef or veal, see beef cattle), for milk (see dairy cattle), and for hides, which are used to make leather. They are used as riding animals and draft animals ( oxen or bullocks, which pull carts, plows and other implements). Another product of cattle is their dung, which can be used to create manure or fuel. In some regions, such as parts of India, cattle have significant religious significance. Cattle, mostly small breeds such as the Miniature Zebu, are also kept as pets. Different types of cattle are common to different geographic areas. Taurine cattle are found primarily in Europe and temperate areas of Asia, the Americas, and Australia. Zebus (also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. Immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. Early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibody, antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. Milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose. As an agricultural product, dairy milk is Milking, collected from farm animals. In 2011, Dairy farming, dairy farms produced around of milk from 260 million dairy cows. India is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. Because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within India, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. New Zealand, Germany and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meat
Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs, and cattle. This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale in slaughterhouses. Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat. It is edible raw but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways. Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with, and decomposition by, bacteria and fungi. Meat is important to the food industry, economies, and cultures around the world. There are nonetheless people who choose to not eat meat (vegetarians) or any animal products (vegans), for reasons such as taste preferences, ethics, environmental concerns, health concerns or religious dietary rules. Terminology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primarily floral nectar) or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids. This refinement takes place both within individual bees, through regurgitation and enzymatic activity, as well as during storage in the hive, through water evaporation that concentrates the honey's sugars until it is thick and viscous. Honey bees stockpile honey in the hive. Within the hive is a structure made from wax called honeycomb. The honeycomb is made up of hundreds or thousands of hexagonal cells, into which the bees regurgitate honey for storage. Other honey-producing species of bee store the substance in different structures, such as the pots made of wax and resin used by the stingless bee. Honey for human consumption is collected from wild ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eleusine
''Eleusine'' is a genus of Asian, African, and South American plants in the grass family,Gaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: pages 7–8 descriptions and figure captions in LatinGaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: Plate I (1), figure XI (11 a-i) line drawings of ''Eleusine coracana'' sometimes called by the common name goosegrass. One species ''( |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Bow And Arrow")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Milk")
