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Religious Intellectualism In Iran
Religious intellectualism in Iran ( fa, روشنفکری دينی) reached its apogee during the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1906–11). The process involved philosophers, sociologists, political scientists and cultural theorists. Summary The unifying traits of these intellectuals include their recognition of reform in the Islamic thought, democracy, civil society and religious pluralism and their opposition to the absolute supremacy of the Faqih. The rise of religious intellectuals can be followed through the writings of Abdolkarim Soroush. Soroush’s main idea is that there are perennial unchanging religious truths, but our understanding of them remains contingent on our knowledge in the fields of science and philosophy. Influenced by Persian mysticism, religious intellectuals advocated a type of reformist Islam that went beyond most liberal Muslim thinkers of the 20th century and argued that the search for reconciliation of Islam and democracy was not a matter of simply f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran) during the Qajar dynasty. The revolution opened the way for fundamental change in Persia, heralding the modern era. It was a period of unprecedented debate in a burgeoning press, and new economic opportunities. Many groups fought to shape the course of the revolution, and all segments of society were in some way changed by it. The old order, which King Nassereddin Shah Qajar had struggled for so long to sustain, was finally replaced by new institutions, new forms of expression, and a new social and political order. King Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signed the 1906 constitution shortly before his death. He was succeeded by Mohammad Ali Shah, who abolished the constitution and bombarded the parliament in 1908 with R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asharites
Ashʿarī theology or Ashʿarism (; ar, الأشعرية: ) is one of the main Sunni Islam, Sunnī schools of Islamic theology, founded by the Ulama, Muslim scholar, Shafiʽi school, Shāfiʿī Faqīh, jurist, Mujaddid, reformer, and Kalam, scholastic theologian Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī in the 9th–10th century. It established an orthodox guideline based on Islamic holy books, scriptural authority, rationality, and theological rationalism. Al-Ashʿarī established a middle way between the doctrines of the Traditionalist theology (Islam), Aṯharī and Muʿtazila schools of Islamic theology, based both on reliance on the Islamic holy books, sacred scriptures of Islam and theological rationalism concerning the Free will in theology#Islam, agency and Attributes of God in Islam, attributes of God. Ashʿarism eventually became the predominant school of theological thought within Sunnī Islam, and is regarded as the single most important school of Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari
Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari ( fa, محمد مجتهد شبستری; born 1936 in Shabestar, Iran) is an Iranian philosopher, theologian, hermeneutist and former professor at University of Tehran. He is noted for his idea that "religion-in-itself" is perfect, but not all-encompassing, i.e. it does not possess the answer to every question in life. Formerly a political activist and MP, he retired himself from politics in 1984. He was also Imam of Islamic Centre Hamburg during the late Pahlavi era, between 1970 and 1978. He has ceased wearing clerical attire, that according to Mehdi Khalaji, is in order to "disassociate himself with the pro-regime establishment". Education and career As a student in Qom, Shabestari studied with Ruhollah Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabaei. He was influenced by Ruhollah Khomeini's idea that "Islamic ethics was not limited" to "personal relationships", but should be "reflected in the state and its form of government." He stayed in the seminary for s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohsen Kadivar
Mohsen Kadivar ( fa, محسن کدیور; born June 8, 1959) is a mujtahid, Islamic theologian, philosopher, writer, leading intellectual reformist, and research professor of Islamic Studies at Duke University. A political Iranian dissident, Kadivar has been a vocal critic of the doctrine of clerical rule, also known as Velayat-e Faqih (''Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist''), and a strong advocate of democratic and liberal reforms in Iran as well as constructional reform in understanding of shari'a and Shi'a theology. Kadivar has served time in prison in Iran for his political activism and beliefs. Education and career Born in Fasa ( Fars Province) to a politically active family, Mohsen Kadivar completed his primary and secondary education in Shiraz before being admitted into electronics engineering at Shiraz University in 1977. He became politically active as a student and was arrested by the shah's police in May 1978 for his political activities. In 1980 he switched his focus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Iranian
Iranian.com is a website of syndicated Iranian-related news. The website has changed ownership over time, and promotes Palestinian rights advocacy and anti-regime change advocacy. When Javid, the original owner, started the website in 1995, he called it ''The Iranian'' (after ''The New Yorker''). On April 24, 2012, Javid announced to his sponsors at PBS that he was pursuing a new venture, and that he had sold his remaining shares to his partner, entrepreneur Saïd Amin. Saïd Amin appears to be on the board of the National Iranian American Council. See also * Media of Iran The mass media in Iran are privately and publicly owned but is subject to censorship. As of 2016, Iran had 178 newspapers, 83 magazines, 15,000 information sites and 2 million blogs. A special court has authority to monitor the print media an ... * List of Persian-language magazines References External links * American news websites English-language websites Ethnic mass media in the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Shariati
Ali Shariati Mazinani ( fa, علی شریعتی مزینانی, 23 November 1933 – 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the sociology of religion. He is held as one of the most influential Iranian intellectuals of the 20th century and has been called the "ideologue of the Iranian Revolution", although his ideas did not end up forming the basis of the Islamic Republic. Biography Ali Shariati (Ali Masharati) was born in 1933 in Mazinan, a suburb of Sabzevar, in northeastern Iran. His father's family were clerics. His father, Mohammad-Taqi, was a teacher and Islamic scholar. In 1947, he opened the Centre for the Propagation of Islamic Truths in Mashhad, in Khorasan Province. It was a social Islamic forum which became embroiled in the oil nationalisation movement of the 1950s. Shariati's mother was from a small land-owning family. His mother was from Sabzevar, a little town near Mashhad. In his years at the Teacher's Training College in M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soroush Luther Erasmus
Soroush ( fa, سروش), is an Iranian name and may refer to: ;First name * Soroush Ahmadi, Iranian taekwondo competitor * Soroush Eskandari, Iranian badminton player * Soroush Omoumi, Iranian musician * Soroush Rafiei, Iranian footballer * Soroush Saeidi, Iranian footballer * Soroush Sehhat, Iranian director, screenwriter and actor ;Last name * Abdolkarim Soroush, Iranian philosopher and writer * Abolfazl Soroush, Iranian physician and reformist politician * Bahram Soroush, Iranian activist * Tajuden Soroush, Afghan journalist ;Others * Soroush, publishing center of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) * Soroush (messenger), Iranian instant messaging application * Soroush Cinema Soroush Cinema ( fa, سینما سروش; formerly known as: Moulin Rouge Cinema ( fa, سینما مولن روژ) is one of the old cinema of Tehran which opened on October 15, 1956. The first movie showed in this cinema was Trapeze. Moulin Ro ... (formerly known as "Moulin Rouge Cinem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolled bill, enrolling, enactment of a bill, enacting, or promulgation, promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous Government, governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill (proposed law), bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an Executive (government), executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act. Overview Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature (e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament), or by the executive, whereupon it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended before passage (legislature), passage. Most large legislatures enact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning and analogy, legal systems, legal institutions, and the proper application of law, the economic analysis of law and the role of law in society. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and it was based on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. General jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered. Contemporary philosophy of law, which deals with general jurisprudence, addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists.Shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment, also spelled judgement, is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.''Black’s Law Dictionary'' 970 (10th ed. 2014). The phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties. As the main legal systems of the world recognize either a common law, statutory, or constitutional duty to provide reasons for judgment, drawing a distinction between "judgment" and "reasons for judgment" may be unnecessary in most circumstances. Spelling Judgment is considered a "free variation" word, and the use of either ''judgment'' or ''judgement'' (with an e) is considered acceptable. This variation arises depend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorasani Naeini
Khorasani ( fa, خراسانى) may refer to: People * Abu Muslim Khorasani * Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani * Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani * Mohammad Va'ez Abaee-Khorasani * Sultan Ali Khorasani * Hossein Waheed Khorasani Places * Khorasani, Fars, a village in Fars Province, Iran See also * Khorasan (other) * Khorasani Turkic language * Greater Khorasan * Khorasan Province * Khorasani style The Khorasani style ( fa, شیوه معماری خراسانی, IPA: //) is an architectural style () defined by Mohammad Karim Pirnia when categorizing Iranian architecture development in history. It is the first style of architecture appearing a ..., a medieval architectural style * Khorasani style (poetry), a medieval Persian poetic style {{disambiguation, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imam
Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic sciences and become an Imam. For most Shia Muslims, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendents of the '' Ahl al-Bayt'', the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shiasm there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are Imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. The title was also used by the Zaidi Shia Imams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970). Sunni imams Sunni Islam does not have imams in the same sense as the Shi'a, an importan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
