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Reductive Art
Reductive art is a term to describe an artistic style or an aesthetic, rather than an art movement. Movements and other terms associated with reductive art include Minimal art, ABC art, anti-illusionism, cool art, rejective art, Bauhaus aesthetic, work that emphasizes clarity, simplification, reduced means, reduction of form, streamlined composition, primary shapes, and restricted color. It is also characterized by the use of plain-spoken materials, precise craftsmanship and intellectual rigor.''MINUS SPACE: The Art of Reduction'', P.S.1 Newspaper, Fall / Winter 2008, p. 2. See also *Robert Morris (artist) * Robert Ryman *Brice Marden *Agnes Martin *Michael Fried *Robert Mangold Robert Mangold (born October 12, 1937) is an American minimalist artist. He is also father of film director and screenwriter James Mangold. Early life and education Mangold was born in North Tonawanda, New York, North Tonawanda, New York (s ... * Ivo Ringe References {{reflist External links MINU ...
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Minimal Art
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. History Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", ''literalist art'', and '' ...
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ABC Art
ABC are the first three letters of the Latin script known as the alphabet. ABC or abc may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Broadcasting * American Broadcasting Company, a commercial U.S. TV broadcaster ** Disney–ABC Television Group, the former name of the parent organization of ABC * Australian Broadcasting Corporation, one of the national publicly funded broadcasters of Australia **ABC Television (Australian TV network), the national television network of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation *** ABC TV (Australian TV channel), the flagship TV station of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation *** ABC Canberra (TV station), Canberra, and other ABC TV local stations in state capitals ***ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel), an international pay TV channel * ABC Radio (other), various radio stations including the American and Australian ABCs * Associated Broadcasting Corporation, one of the former names of TV5 Network, Inc., a Philippine televi ...
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Bauhaus
The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 2009), , pp. 64–66 The school became famous for its approach to design, which attempted to unify individual artistic vision with the principles of mass production and emphasis on function. The Bauhaus was founded by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar. It was grounded in the idea of creating a Gesamtkunstwerk ("comprehensive artwork") in which all the arts would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most influential currents in modern design, modernist architecture, and architectural education. The Bauhaus movement had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. Staff at the Bauhaus included prominent artists ...
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MINUS SPACE
Minus Space is an art gallery located in Dumbo, Brooklyn, NY. It specializes in abstract art and reductive art. History Minus Space began as an online curatorial and critical project presenting reductive and concept based art. Reductive art includes geometric abstraction, artwork that deals with repetition, monochrome or limited color, seriality.''Neighborhood Beat'': Profile on Minus Space & Michael Brennan, BCAT / Brooklyn Community Access Television, January 25, February 14, February 19, and February 23, 2007, Episode 31 and minimalism. It is also characterized by the use of plain-spoken materials, precise craftsmanship and intellectual rigor.''Minus Space: The Art of Reduction'', P.S. 1 Newspaper, Fall / Winter 2008, p. 2. It was launched as an online curatorial project in August 2003 by Brooklyn artists Matthew Deleget and Rossana Martinez, and gradually developed into a showcase for dozens of artists. They began by putting portfolios and curating exhibitions online. Minus S ...
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Robert Morris (artist)
Robert Morris (February 9, 1931 – November 28, 2018) was an American sculptor, conceptual artist and writer. He was regarded as having been one of the most prominent theorists of Minimalism along with Donald Judd, but also made important contributions to the development of performance art, land art, the Process Art movement, and installation art.Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 481 Morris lived and worked in New York. In 2013 as part of the October Files, MIT Press published a volume on Morris, examining his work and influence, edited by Julia Bryan-Wilson. Early life and education Born in Kansas City, Missouri to Robert O. Morris and Lora "Pearl" Schrock Morris. Between 1948 and 1950, Morris studied engineering at the University of Kansas.Josine Ianco-Starrels (April 27, 1986)Robert Morris Works Focus On Environment''Los Angeles Times''. He then studied art at both the University of Kansas and at Kansas City Art Institute ...
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Robert Ryman
Robert Ryman (May 30, 1930February 8, 2019) was an American painter identified with the movements of monochrome painting, minimalism, and conceptual art. He was best known for abstract, white-on-white paintings. He lived and worked in New York City. Life and career Ryman was born in Nashville, Tennessee. After studying saxophone at the Tennessee Polytechnic Institute in Cookeville, between 1948 and 1949, and at the George Peabody College for Teachers between 1949 and 1950, Ryman enlisted in the United States army reserve corps and was assigned to an army reserve band during the Korean War.Guggenheim Museum Biography
Ryman moved to New York City in 1953, intending to become a professional jazz saxophonist. He had lessons with pianist

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Brice Marden
Brice Marden (born October 15, 1938) is an American artist generally described as Minimalist, although his work may be hard to categorize. He lives and works in New York City; Tivoli, New York; Hydra, Greece; and Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania. Life He was born as Nicholas Brice Marden Jr. in Bronxville, New York and grew up in nearby Briarcliff Manor. He attended Florida Southern College from 1957 to 1958 before receiving his B.F.A. from the Boston University School of Fine and Applied Arts in 1961. Thereafter, Marden earned his M.F.A. from the Yale School of Art in 1963, where he studied with Esteban Vicente, Alex Katz, Jon Schueler, Jack Tworkov, Reginald Pollack, Philip Pearlstein, and Gabor Peterdi. Among his fellow students were the future artists Richard Serra, Chuck Close, Janet Fish, Vija Celmins, Nancy Graves, Gary Hudson, and Sylvia and Robert Mangold. As he studied art, Marden was also immersed in the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based American folk music revival scene. ...
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Agnes Martin
Agnes Bernice Martin (March 22, 1912 – December 16, 2004), was an American abstract painter. Her work has been defined as an "essay in discretion on inward-ness and silence". Although she is often considered or referred to as a minimalist, Martin considered herself an abstract expressionist and was one of the leading practitioners of Abstract Expressionism in the 20th century. She was awarded a National Medal of Arts from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1998. She was elected to the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 2004. Personal life Agnes Bernice Martin was born in 1912 to Scottish Presbyterian farmers in Macklin, Saskatchewan, one of four children.MoMA , The Collection , Agnes Martin. (American, born Canada. 1912–2004)
''Moma.org''. Ac ...
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Michael Fried
Michael Martin Fried (born April 12, 1939 in New York City) is a modernist art critic and art historian. He studied at Princeton University and Harvard University and was a Rhodes Scholar at Merton College, Oxford. He is the J.R. Herbert Boone Professor Emeritus of Humanities and Art History at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Fried's contribution to art historical discourse involved the debate over the origins and development of modernism. Along with Fried, this debate's interlocutors include other theorists and critics such as Clement Greenberg, T. J. Clark, and Rosalind Krauss. Since the early 1960s, he has also been close to philosopher Stanley Cavell. Fried was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985 and the American Philosophical Society in 2003. Early career Fried describes his early career in the introduction to ''Art and Objecthood: Essays and Reviews'' (1998), an anthology of his art criticism in the 60s and 70s. ...
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Robert Mangold
Robert Mangold (born October 12, 1937) is an American minimalist artist. He is also father of film director and screenwriter James Mangold. Early life and education Mangold was born in North Tonawanda, New York. His mother, Blanche, was a department store buyer, and his father, Aloysius Mangold, worked at an organ factory. He first trained at the Cleveland Institute of Art from 1956–59, and then at Yale University, New Haven, (BFA, 1961; MFA, 1963). In 1961 he married Sylvia Plimack, and they moved to New York. In the summer of 1962 Mangold was hired as guard at the Museum of Modern Art. Work “Robert Mangold’s paintings,” wrote Michael Kimmelman in ''The New York Times'' in 1997, “are more complicated to describe than they seem, which is partly what’s good about them: the way they invite intense scrutiny, which, in the nature of good art, is its own reward.” His works are comprised often of simple elements which are put together through complex means. M ...
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Ivo Ringe
Ivo Ringe (born July 5, 1951) is a German artist, who is classified as a concrete art painter. He is also a docent and a curator of international group exhibitions. Life and work In 1972 Ringe began studying sculpture at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under the instruction of professor Joseph Beuys. Like Imi Knoebel and Blinky Palermo, Ringe belongs to the Minimalism (visual arts)#Minimal art movement among Beuys' students. In 1974 he shifted the focus of this study and became a scholar of professor Rolf Sackenheim devoting himself to the study of graphic arts. In 1977 Ivo Ringe was awarded "Master scholar" ("Meisterschüler") by Rolf Sackenheim. Already during his studies, Ringe explored tessellation and Islamic geometric patterns, manifesting works of silkscreen print, etching and ceramic tile. Kunst von Ivo Ringe Titel Evolve.jpg, "Evolve" , Etching on handmade paper, 1977 Kunst von Ivo Ringe Titel Sechseck Bewegung.jpg, "Sechseck" ("Hexagon"), glazed ceramic, 1976 I ...
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Modern Art
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called contemporary art or postmodern art. Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the Proto-Cubism, pre-c ...
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