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Red Vienna
Red Vienna (German: ''Rotes Wien'') was the colloquial name for the capital of Austria between 1918 and 1934, when the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (SDAP) maintained almost unilateral political control over Vienna and, for a short time, Austria as a whole. During this time, the SDAP pursued a rigorous program of construction projects across the city in response to severe housing shortages and implemented policies to improve public education, healthcare, and sanitation. Ultimately, the collapse of the First Austrian Republic in 1934 after the suspension of the ''Nationalrat'' by ''Bundeskanzler'' Engelbert Dollfuß a year earlier and the subsequent banning of the SDAP in Austria ended the period of the first socialist project in Vienna until after the Second World War. Many of the housing complexes, or '' Gemeindebauten'', that were built during the period continue to survive today. Overview After the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the Tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Döbling (Wien) - Karl-Marx-Hof
Döbling () is the 19th District in the city of Vienna, Austria (german: 19. Bezirk, Döbling, Doebling). It is located on the north end from the central districts, north of the districts Alsergrund and Währing. Döbling has some heavily populated urban areas with many residential buildings, and borders the Vienna Woods. Statistik Austria, 2008, website: (in German: population is "Einwohner"). Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). It hosts some of the most expensive residential areas such as Grinzing, Sievering, Neustift am Walde and Kaasgraben and is also the site of many '' Heurigen'' restaurants. There are also some large ''Gemeindebauten'', including Vienna's most famous, the Karl-Marx-Hof. Also located in Döbling is the American International School of Vienna, Lauder Business School and Q19 Shopping Center. Geography Location Döbling is located in the northwest of Vienna and spans the slope of the Wienerwald (Vienna Forest) to the Danube and the Danube Can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of German-Austria
The Republic of German-Austria (german: Republik Deutschösterreich or ) was an unrecognised state that was created following World War I as an initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking and ethnic German population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with plans for eventual unification with Germany. The territories covered an area of , with 10.4 million inhabitants. In practice, however, its authority was limited to the Danubian and Alpine provinces which had been the core of Cisleithania. Much of its claimed territory was ''de facto'' administered by the newly formed Czechoslovakia, and internationally recognized as such. Attempts to create German-Austria under these auspices were ultimately unsuccessful, especially since union with Germany was forbidden in the Treaty of Versailles, and the new state of the First Austrian Republic was created in 1919. Background The Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs had been reconstituted as a dual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Renner
Karl Renner (14 December 1870 – 31 December 1950) was an Austrian politician and jurist of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. He is often referred to as the "Father of the Republic" because he led the first government of German-Austria and the First Austrian Republic in 1919 and 1920, and was once again decisive in establishing the present Second Republic after the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, becoming its first President after World War II (and fourth overall). Early life Renner was born the 18th child of an ethnic German family of poor wine-growers in Unter-Tannowitz (present-day Dolní Dunajovice in the Czech Republic), then part of the Margraviate of Moravia, a crown land of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Because of his intelligence, he was allowed to attend a selective '' gymnasium'' in nearby Nikolsburg (Mikulov), where one of his teachers was Wilhelm Jerusalem. From 1890 to 1896 he studied law at the University of Vienna. In 1895 he was one of the foundin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austromarxism
Austromarxism (also stylised as Austro-Marxism) was a Marxist theoretical current, led by Victor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Renner, Max Adler and Rudolf Hilferding, members of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria in Austria-Hungary and the First Austrian Republic, and later supported by Austrian-born revolutionary and assassin of the Imperial Minister-President Count von Stürgkh, Friedrich Adler. It is known for its theory of nationality and nationalism, and its attempt to conciliate it with socialism in the imperial context. More generally, the Austromarxists strove to achieve a synthesis between social democracy and revolutionary socialism. Uniquely, Austromarxists posited that class consciousness in the working class could be achieved more organically through the maintenance of national autonomy, in contrast to the internationalist perspective and the notion of the party vanguard popular in orthodox Marxist circles elsewhere in Europe. Overview Beginning in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal Suffrage
Universal suffrage (also called universal franchise, general suffrage, and common suffrage of the common man) gives the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or political stance, subject only to certain exceptions as in the case of children, felons, and for a time, women.Suffrage ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. In its original 19th-century usage by reformers in Britain, ''universal suffrage'' was understood to mean only ; the vote was extended to women later, during the |
Christian Social Party (Austria)
The Christian Social Party (german: link=no, Christlichsoziale Partei, CS or CSP) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic, from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians. History Foundation The party emerged in the run-up to the 1891 Imperial Council (''Reichsrat'') elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger (1844–1910). Referring to ideas developed by the Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang (1818–1890) and the Christian Social Club of Workers, it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie and clerical-Catholic; there were ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Austrian Constituent Assembly Election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Austria on 16 February 1919, and were the first election in which all women were allowed to vote. German citizens living in Austria and Sudeten Germans living in the newly-formed Czechoslovakia were also allowed to vote in the elections, despite Czechoslovak objections. Austrian citizens living in Germany were also allowed to vote in the elections for the Weimar National Assembly in the same year. The Social Democratic Workers' Party emerged as the largest party, winning 72 of the 170 seats. The party was largely supported by the working class, whilst farmers and the middle class voted mainly for the anti-''Anschluss'' Christian Social Party. Voter turnout was 84.4%. The first meeting of the assembly was on 4 March 1919. The Sudeten German Social Democrats organised a series of demonstrations in support of their right of self-determination. Across seven cities 54 persons were killed and another 84 wounded by the Czech military and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakob Reumann
Jakob Reumann (31 December 1853 in Vienna – 29 July 1925 in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian Social Democratic politician and the first social democratic mayor of Vienna from 1919 to 1923. Biography On the Hainfeld Party Convention of 1888/1889, Jakob Reumann was designated first secretary of the newly founded Social Democratic Party, which then united social democrats of the whole multinational Austrian part of Austria-Hungary. From 1900, he has been elected member of Vienna's ''Gemeinderat'' (city parliament), from 1907 member of the Austrian ''Reichsrat'' (parliament). In 1917 city councillor, in 1918 vice-mayor, he was elected mayor on 21 May 1919, the first social democratic mayor in the history of Vienna. 1918/1919 he was also a member of the Provisional National Council of German Austria (''Provisorische Nationalversammlung für Deutschösterreich''). In 1922, as mayor he became ''Landeshauptmann'' (governor) of the new State of Vienna. The same year saw the opening of Feuer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mayors Of Vienna
This is a list of mayors and governors of Vienna since 1282. Vienna is the capital city of Austria. Since 1920, it has also been an Austrian state, with its mayor also doubling as the '' Landeshauptmann'' (governor or minister-president) of the state of Vienna. Duchy and Archduchy of Austria * Konrad Poll 1282 * Heinrich Hansgraf 1285 * Konrad von Eslarn 1287 * Konrad Poll 1288–1305 * Heinrich Chrannest 1305–1307 * Dietrich von Kahlenberg 1307 * Heinrich von d. Neisse 1308 * Niklas von Eslarn 1309 * Niklas von Eslarn 1309–1313 * Heinrich von d. Neisse 1310 * Niklas Poll 1313–1315 * Hermann von St. Pölten 1316 * Niklas von Eslarn 1316–1317 * Hermann von St. Pölten 1318 * Otto Wülfleinstorfer 1319–1323 * Stephan Chriegler 1323 * Niklas Poll 1324–1327 * Stephan Chriegler 1327–1328 * Heinrich Lang 1329–1330 * Dietrich Urbetsch 1332–1333 * Hermann Snaezl 1333–1334 * Dietrich Urbetsch 1335–1337 * Konrad von Eslarn 1337–1338 * Berthold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemeinderat And Landtag Of Vienna
As Vienna, the capital of Austria is both a city and a state, the 100 members of the Municipal Council (''Gemeinderat'') of the city of Vienna also act as members of the Landtag (legislative assembly) of the state of Vienna. Members serve for five years. While the municipal council and the state parliament consist of the same members, they meet separately, complete with separate presiding officers: the chairman of the Municipal Council and the . This is because the Vienna City Constitution requires city and state business to be kept separate. When the deputies meet as the Municipal Council, they can only deal with matters of the city, but not the affairs of the state. When the deputies meet as the Landtag, they may only deal with the matters of the state, but not the affairs of the city. Thus, the legal situation in Vienna is different to that in other city-states such as Berlin or Hamburg. Gemeinderat of Vienna The Gemeinderat, formed for the first time after the revolution in 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Hungary 1700 - 1919
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic (german: Deutsche Republik, link=no, label=none). The state's informal name is derived from the city of Weimar, which hosted the constituent assembly that established its government. In English, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. Following the devastation of the First World War (1914–1918), Germany was exhausted and sued for peace in desperate circumstances. Awareness of imminent defeat sparked a revolution, the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II, formal surrender to the Allies, and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918. In its i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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