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Red Terror (Finland)
The Finnish Civil War; . Other designations: Brethren War, Citizen War, Class War, Freedom War, Red Rebellion and Revolution, . According to 1,005 interviews done by the newspaper ''Aamulehti'', the most popular names were as follows: Civil War 29%, Citizen War 25%, Class War 13%, Freedom War 11%, Red Rebellion 5%, Revolution 1%, other name 2% and no answer 14%, was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a grand duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state. The clashes took place in the context of the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I ( Eastern Front) in Europe. The war was fought between the "Reds", led by a section of the Social Democratic Party, and the "Whites", conducted by the conservative-based senate and the German Imperial Army. The paramilitary Red Guards, which were co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Linder
Ernst Linder (25 April 1868 – 14 September 1943) was a Swedish general of Finnish descent who served in the Swedish Army from 1887 to 1918, after which he participated in the Finnish Civil War as the commander of the Satakunta and Savo army groups, whose responsibility stretched from Finland's western coast adjoining the Gulf of Bothnia to Näsijärvi.Ernst Linder mannerheim.fi Linder was friends with the White Commander, Marshal . Following the war, he served as Inspector of Cavalry until retiring in 1920. Linder was promoted into the rank of |
Kullervo Manner
Kullervo Achilles Manner (, Russian Куллерво Густавович Маннер, ''Kullervo Gustavovich Manner''; 12 October 1880 – 15 January 1939) was a Finnish politician and journalist, and later a Soviet politician. He was a member of the Finnish parliament, serving as its Speaker in 1917. He was also chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland between 1917 and 1918. During the Finnish Civil War, he led the Finnish People's Delegation, a leftist alternative to the established Finnish government. After the war, he escaped to the Soviet Union, where he co-founded the Finnish Communist Party. It is said if the Red Guards had won the Civil War, Manner might have risen to the position of the "Leader of the Red Finland". Early life Manner was born a minister's son in Kokemäki. His father Gustaf Manner worked in various parishes, including those of Lappi and Vampula. Kullervo's mother was Alma Limón, daughter of pastor Johannes Limón. After graduating from hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Meurer
Hugo Meurer (28 May 1869 – 4 January 1960) was a vice-admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine (German Imperial Navy). Meurer was the German naval officer who handled the negotiations of the internment of the German fleet in November 1918 at the end of the First World War. Life Meurer was born in Sallach in Carinthia. On 16 April 1886 he joined the Kaiserliche Marine. During the First World War he served as commander of at the Battle of Jutland, and from 1916 to 1917 as captain of the battleship . In 1917 he was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral (''Konteradmiral''), as the second Admiral of the 4th Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet, which he remained until the end of the war. From 21 February to 2 May 1918, as commander of the special unit (''Sonderverband'') of the Baltic Sea, he led the naval expedition for the German intervention in the ongoing civil war in Finland. In November 1918 Meurer negotiated as representative of Admiral Franz von Hipper with Admiral Dav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Brandenstein
Otto Freiherr von Brandenstein (21 October 1865 – 8 May 1945) was a German officer. He joined the Prussian Army in 1885 and was promoted to oberstleutnant in 1913. During World War I, Brandenstein served in the Western Front as a staff officer under the command of the generals Gustav Freiherr von Hollen and Eberhard von Claer. In 1918, colonel Brandenstein was the commander of the formed cavalry brigade Detachment Brandenstein which landed in Loviisa, Finland in 3 April. The brigade joined the Finnish Civil War and fought with the Finnish Whites. After the Battle of Lahti, the unit was attached to the Baltic Sea Division. Otto von Brandenstein was awarded the ''Pour le Mérite The ' (; , ) is an order of merit (german: Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by Frederick the Great, King Frederick II of Prussia. The was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Or ...'' on 15 May 1918 and promoted to Major General on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konrad Wolf (officer)
Konrad Wolf (20 October 1925 – 7 March 1982) was an East German film director. He was the son of writer, doctor and diplomat Friedrich Wolf, and the younger brother of Stasi spymaster Markus Wolf. "Koni" was his nickname. Biography Because his father was Jewish and was an ardent and outspoken member of the German Communist Party (KPD) since 1928, he and his family left Germany via Austria, Switzerland, and France for Moscow when the Nazis took power in March 1933, where, arriving in March 1934, Wolf came into intense contact with Soviet film."Solo Sunny" DEFA Film Library at the Amherst. Retrieved November 19, 2011 At age 10, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Von Tschirsky Und Von Bögendorff
Hans may refer to: __NOTOC__ People * Hans (name), a masculine given name * Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician ** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans ** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi actor and singer, son of Hans Raj Hans * Hans clan, a tribal clan in Punjab, Pakistan Places * Hans, Marne, a commune in France * Hans Island, administrated by Greenland and Canada Arts and entertainment * ''Hans'' (film) a 2006 Italian film directed by Louis Nero * Hans (Frozen), the main antagonist of the 2013 Disney animated film ''Frozen'' * ''Hans'' (magazine), an Indian Hindi literary monthly * ''Hans'', a comic book drawn by Grzegorz Rosiński and later by Zbigniew Kasprzak Other uses * Clever Hans, the "wonder horse" * ''The Hans India'', an English language newspaper in India * HANS device, a racing car safety device *Hans, the ISO 15924 code for Simplified Chinese script See also *Han (other) *Hans im Glück, a Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüdiger Von Der Goltz
Gustav Adolf Joachim Rüdiger Graf von der Goltz (8 December 1865 – 4 November 1946) was a German army general during the First World War. He commanded the Baltic Sea Division, which successfully intervened in the Finnish Civil War in the spring of 1918. Goltz stayed with his troops in Finland until December 1918 representing German interests, and in practice ruled the country as a military dictator during this period. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Goltz commanded the army of the local German-established government of Latvia, which in 1919 was instrumental in the defeat of the Russian Bolsheviks and their local allies in Latvia. The troops commanded by Goltz suffered a defeat against Estonia in 1919 and were eventually unsuccessful in retaining German control over Latvia and Estonia after World War I. Early life Born into Von der Goltz noble family in Züllichau, Brandenburg, he was the son of Count Gustav Albrecht von der Goltz (1831-1909) and his wife, Cäc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanislaw Prus-Boguslawski
Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine * Stanislaus County, California * Stanislaus River, California * Stanislaus National Forest, California * Place Stanislas, a square in Nancy, France, World Heritage Site of UNESCO * Saint-Stanislas, Mauricie, Quebec, a Canadian municipality * Stanizlav, a fictional train depot in the game '' TimeSplitters: Future Perfect'' * Stanislau, German name of Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine Schools * St. Stanislaus High School, an institution in Bandra, Mumbai, India * St. Stanislaus High School (Detroit) * Collège Stanislas de Paris, an institution in Paris, France * California State University, Stanislaus, a public university in Turlock, CA * St Stanislaus College (Bathurst), a secondary school in Bathurst, Australia * St. Stanislaus College (Guyana), a secondary schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Kalm
Hans Kalm (21 April 1889 – 1 February 1981) was an Estonian soldier who served in the armies of Russian Empire, Finland and Estonia. He was also a homeopath and naturopath who took interest in alternative medicine. World War I and Finnish Civil War Kalm was born to a farmer's family in the village of Kotsama in Kõo Parish (now Põhja-Sakala Parish) in the Kreis Fellin of the Governorate of Livonia. His last name is connected with the old Finno-Ugric word , meaning 'death'. According to a family legend, one of Kalm's forefathers survived the Black Death by hiding in a remote cemetery island and therefore changed his name. Kalm was recruited by the Imperial Russian Army in 1914 and fought in the First World War in the Gulf of Riga. After the 1917 Russian Revolution he fled to Finland and joined the White Guards. In the 1918 Finnish Civil War he led a battalion mostly composed of the students of two park ranger colleges from Ähtäri and Evo.Heinämäki, Jaakko: ″Hans Kalm: v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harald Hjalmarson
Harald Ossian Hjalmarson (14 July 1868 – 15 December 1919) was a Swedish soldier who volunteered for the Finnish Civil War in 1918 on the white army. He served as the commander of Hjalmarson's group, the Crenatorial Division, which belonged to the Western Army. At the Finnish White Headquarters, his actions during the war were dissatisfactory and he was not popular among the ranks. Hjalmarson received the rank of Major General in the Finnish Army, but in the Swedish Army as he was only a lieutenant colonel. Biography Career before the Finnish Civil War Hjalmarson's father, Major Hjalmar Andersson, had volunteered for the American Civil War. He was also the grandson of the theater director Oscar Andersson. Hjalmarson began his military career by enlisting in the North Scanian Infantry Regiment in 1887. He graduated as an officer in 1889, attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1892 to 1894, was a candidate in the Swedish General Staff for some time in 1895, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hjalmar Frisell
Erik Hjalmar Frisell (27 August 1880 – 27 May 1967) was a Swedish military officer and sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. During the 1918 Finnish Civil War he was the commander of the voluntary Swedish Brigade. Life Frisell was born in Stavnäs, Värmland County. His father was the owner of the Stömne bruk ironworks. Frisell served as an artillery officer in Uppsala but retired in 1910. In 1918, he was recruited as the commander of the Swedish Brigade, a voluntary brigade fighting with the Whites in the Finnish Civil War. Frisell took part in the Battle of Tampere in the March–April 1918. After the Finnish Civil War, Frisell lived 10 years in Kenya where he assisted the British Army in railway constructions. Frisell published two biographies of his years in Africa. Hjalmar Frisell died in Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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