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Red-crested Cardinal
The red-crested cardinal (''Paroaria coronata'') is a songbird, the species belonging to the family of tanagers (Thraupidae). Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family (Cardinalidae). It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal. Etymology The genus name ''Paroaria'' comes from the Tupí people and can be translated as “small red, yellow, and gray bird“, while the Latin species name ''coronata'' means ''crowned''. Distribution This species can be found mainly in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul and southern part of the Pantanal. It has also been introduced to Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Chile. In Brazil, it has been introduced to various places outside its historical range, as in the Tietê Ecological Park in São Paulo. Habitat Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and heavily degraded former forest, at an elevation up to above sea level. It often occur ...
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated territories of the United States, unincorporated territory of the United States. It is located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic and the United States Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Isla de Mona, Mona, Culebra, Puerto Rico, Culebra, and Vieques, Puerto Rico, Vieques. It has roughly 3.2 million residents, and its Capital city, capital and Municipalities of Puerto Rico, most populous city is San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan. Spanish language, Spanish and English language, English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico ...
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Grabowskia Duplicata
''Grabowskia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. Selected species * ''Grabowskia ameghinoi'' Speg. * ''Grabowskia glauca'' I.M.Johnst. * ''Grabowskia lindleyi'' Sendtn. * ''Grabowskia megalosperma'' Speg. * ''Grabowskia schizocalyx'' Dammer * ''Grabowskia sodiroi'' Bitter * ''Grabowskia spegazzinii'' Dusén * ''Grabowskia duplicata ''Grabowskia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. Selected species * '' Grabowskia ameghinoi'' Speg. * '' Grabowskia glauca'' I.M.Johnst. * ''Grabowskia lindleyi ''Grabowskia'' is a genus of flowering pla ...'' Arn. References External links Solanaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Solanales-stub ...
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Celtis Tala
''Celtis tala'' (or ''Celtis ehrenbergiana''), known as tala, is a medium size deciduous tree, native to tropical and subtropical South America. With small to medium-sized spines, its one of the main components of the Gran Chaco prairies and certain areas of the Argentinian pampa. Morphology The tala is a medium to large sized tree, sometimes reaching 12m high. According to water availability it may become arboreus or shrubby. It prefers dry or slightly moist, well drained soil. When arboreus the trunk is rather tortuous, nearing 40 cm in diameter. When shrubby, it produces several branched trunks of 20 cm in diameter. Its birch is light colored, gray to brown. The Tala tends to branch abundantly, producing a dense mesh of branches in zigzag patterns, with strong spines in the foliar axis, 1,5 or more, cm long. The leaves are alternate, peciolate and simple, their base rounded and the margin serrated in the apical region. Leaves are trinervate, acuminate, of a dark gre ...
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Spergula Villosa
''Spergula'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Their usual English name is spurry or spurrey. Commonly found in grassland, the genus originated in the northern hemisphere, but is now found worldwide. Species Species include: *''Spergula arvensis'' L. – corn spurry *''Spergula calva'' Pedersen *''Spergula depauperata'' Pedersen *''Spergula fallax'' (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause *''Spergula grandis'' Pers. *''Spergula levis'' (Cambess.) D. Dietr. *''Spergula maritima'' Pedersen *''Spergula morisonii'' Boreau – Morison's spurry *''Spergula pentandra'' L. *''Spergula platensis'' (Cambess.) Shinners *''Spergula ramosa'' (Cambess.) D. Dietr. *''Spergula rubra'' J. Presl & C. Presl *''Spergula viscosa'' Lag. See also *Similar genera that have been taxonomically intertwined with ''Spergula'': **'' Arenaria'' **''Spergularia Spergularia is a genus in the family Caryophyllaceae, containing salt-tolerant plants known as sandspurrys and sea-spurreys. There are a ...
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Setaria Parviflora
''Setaria parviflora'' is a species of grass known by the common names marsh bristlegrass, knotroot bristle-grass, bristly foxtail and yellow bristlegrass. It is native to North America, including Mexico and the United States from California to the East Coast, Central America and the West Indies,''Setaria parviflora''.
Grass Manual Treatment.
and South America. This grass is a perennial with small, knotty s. It produces stems 30 centimeters to well over one meter tall. The leaf blades are up to 25 centimeters long and under a centimeter wide. The leaves are whitish-green.
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Eleusine Tristachya
''Eleusine'' is a genus of Asian, African, and South American plants in the grass family,Gaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: pages 7–8
descriptions and figure captions in Latin
Gaertner, Joseph. 1788. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 1: Plate I (1), figure XI (11 a-i)
line drawings of ''Eleusine coracana''
sometimes called by the common name goosegrass. One species ''(



Chloris Virgata
''Chloris virgata'' is a species of grass known by the common names feather fingergrass feathery Rhodes-grass and feather windmillgrass. Distribution It is native to many of the warmer temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of the world, including parts of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, and it is present in many other areas as a naturalized species, including Hawaii, Australia, and the Canary Islands. ''Chloris virgata'' is a hardy grass which can grow in many types of habitat, including disturbed areas such as roadsides and railroad tracks, and cultivated farmland. It is known in some areas as a weed, for example, in alfalfa fields in the southwestern United States.Grass Manual Treatment


Description

This is an annual grass growing up to about half a meter in maximum h ...
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Red-Crested Cardinal
The red-crested cardinal (''Paroaria coronata'') is a songbird, the species belonging to the family of tanagers (Thraupidae). Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family (Cardinalidae). It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal. Etymology The genus name ''Paroaria'' comes from the Tupí people and can be translated as “small red, yellow, and gray bird“, while the Latin species name ''coronata'' means ''crowned''. Distribution This species can be found mainly in northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul and southern part of the Pantanal. It has also been introduced to Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Chile. In Brazil, it has been introduced to various places outside its historical range, as in the Tietê Ecological Park in São Paulo. Habitat Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and heavily degraded former forest, at an elevation up to above sea level. It often occur ...
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Yellow-billed Cardinal
The yellow-billed cardinal (''Paroaria capitata'') is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae). It occurs in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and northern Argentina and has been introduced on the island of Hawai'i. It breeds in moist shrubland. The yellow-billed cardinal could be easily confused with the red-crested cardinal. The yellow-billed cardinal does not have a crest. References External links * Yellow-billed cardinal videos, photos & soundson the Internet Bird Collection (for Brazil, Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...) with range map Yellow-billed cardinal photo galleryVIREPhoto yellow-billed cardinal Birds of the Pantanal Birds of Paraguay Birds of Ar ...
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Red-cowled Cardinal
The red-cowled cardinal (''Paroaria dominicana'') is a bird species in the tanager family (biology), family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae). It is endemic to Brazil. It occurs in a wide range of dry to semi-humid open to semi-open habitats in north-eastern Brazil, especially the Caatinga region. It has been Introduced species, introduced (probably by means of escaped caged individuals) to Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, being locally common even in urban areas.José Felipe Monteiro Pereira, ''Aves e Pássaros Comuns do Rio de Janeiro'', Rio de Janeiro, Technical Books, 2008, , pg.138. References External links Red-cowled Cardinal videoson the Internet Bird CollectionVIREO [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/species_image.php?species=Paroaria+dominicana Photo-High Res--(Close-up)] [Baidu]  


picture info

Shrubland
Shrubland, scrubland, scrub, brush, or bush is a plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs, often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Shrubland may either occur naturally or be the result of human activity. It may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as fire. A stable state may be maintained by regular natural disturbance such as fire or browsing. Shrubland may be unsuitable for human habitation because of the danger of fire. The term was coined in 1903. Shrubland species generally show a wide range of adaptations to fire, such as heavy seed production, lignotubers, and fire-induced germination. Botanical structural form In botany and ecology a shrub is defined as a much-branched woody plant less than 8 m high and usually with many stems. Tall shrubs are mostly 2–8 m high, small shrubs 1–2 m high and su ...
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