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Real Property Act 1858
The ''Real Property Act 1858'', 21 Vict. c. 15, is the short title of an act of the Parliament of South Australia, with the long title "An Act to simplify the Laws relating to the transfer and encumbrance of freehold and other interests in Land". After being introduced as a private member's bill by Sir Robert Richard Torrens, it was passed by both houses and assented to by the Governor of South Australia, on 27 January 1858. It was the first law in the world to institute what has become known as the Torrens Title system of property law, and is sometimes referred to as the "Torrens Title" Act 1858. Background Robert Richard Torrens, son of Robert Torrens (economist and chairman of the South Australian Colonisation Commission), had previously worked in the civil service in customs roles in London and Adelaide, before being appointed Colonial Treasurer and Registrar-General from 1852 to 1857. He was elected as a member of the House of Assembly for the City of Adelaide in the ...
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Parliament Of South Australia
The Parliament of South Australia is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. It consists of the 47-seat House of Assembly ( lower house) and the 22-seat Legislative Council (upper house). General elections are held every 4 years, with all of the lower house and half of the upper house filled at each election. It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government with the executive branch required to both sit in parliament and hold the confidence of the House of Assembly. The parliament is based at Parliament House on North Terrace in the state capital of Adelaide. The King is represented in the State by the Governor of South Australia. According to the South Australian Constitution, unlike the federal parliament, and the parliaments of the other states of Australia, neither the Sovereign or the Governor is considered to be a part of the South Australian parliament. However, the same role and powers are granted to them. The parliament ...
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Electoral District Of City Of Adelaide
City of Adelaide was an electoral district of the South Australian House of Assembly, the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the then colony of South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories .... City of Adelaide was one of the original districts of the first Assembly created in 1857; it was abolished in 1862, when the new East Adelaide and West Adelaide districts were created, each with two members. Members References {{DEFAULTSORT:Adelaide, City of Former electoral districts of South Australia 1857 establishments in Australia 1862 disestablishments in Australia ...
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Richard Bullock Andrews
Richard Bullock Andrews (11 May 1823 – 26 June 1884) was an Australian politician and judge. Early life Richard Bullock Andrews was born in Epping, Essex, England the eldest child of Richard Bullock Andrews, an attorney, and his wife Emma Ann. From December 1839 Bullock worked in his father's solicitors business. On 15 August 1846 he married Elizabeth Holtaway (29 August 1818 – 15 February 1906), daughter of a solicitor. Andrews emigrated to South Australia, arriving there 14 December 1852 aboard the steamship ''Sydney''. In 1853 he was appointed a notary public, on 3 May 1853 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of South Australia. He practised in the Local Court at Mount Barker, South Australia and then set up an office in Adelaide. Politics In June 1857 he was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly, House of Assembly for electoral district of Yatala, Yatala and was Attorney-General of South Australia in the Robert Richard Torrens, Torrens minis ...
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Anthony Forster (Australian Politician)
Anthony Forster (15 May 1813 – 13 January 1897) was a politician, financier and newspaper owner/editor in colonial South Australia. Forster was born in Monkwearmouth, County Durham, England, the son of Anthony Forster, shipwright, and his wife Catherine. Forster arrived in Glenelg, South Australia in the ''Siam'' on 25 April 1841. Forster was for some time editor of the '' South Australian Register''. In 1855 he was elected to the Mixed South Australian Legislative Council for West Adelaide, in opposition to James Hurtle Fisher. The seat was, however, declared vacant by the Court of Disputed Returns in November, Mr. Forster being re-elected on 1 January 1856. When the Constitution Act came into force, Mr. Forster was elected to the Legislative Council for The Province in March 1857, and sat till 2 February 1861, when he retired by rotation, but was immediately re-elected, and sat till December 1864, when he resigned. In 1866 he published "''South Australia: its Progress and ...
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The Age
''The Age'' is a daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that has been published since 1854. Owned and published by Nine Entertainment, ''The Age'' primarily serves Victoria (Australia), Victoria, but copies also sell in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and southern New South Wales. It is delivered both in print and digital formats. The newspaper shares some articles with its sister newspaper ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. ''The Age'' is considered a newspaper of record for Australia, and has variously been known for its investigative reporting, with its journalists having won dozens of Walkley Awards, Australia's most prestigious journalism prize. , ''The Age'' had a monthly readership of 5.321 million. History Foundation ''The Age'' was founded by three Melbourne businessmen: brothers John and Henry Cooke (who had arrived from New Zealand in the 1840s) and Walter Powell. The first edition appeared on 17 October 1854. ...
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Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Australia (28 per km2). Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west, and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Great Australian Bight portion of the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate coastal and central regions to the Victorian Alps in the northeast and the semi-arid north-west. The majority of the Victorian population is concentrated in the central-south area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, and in particular within the metropolit ...
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William Ransom Mortlock
William Ranson Mortlock (1821 – 10 May 1884) was a grazier and politician in colonial South Australia.H. Kempe'Mortlock, William Ranson (1821 - 1884)' Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, Melbourne University Press, 1974, pp 301-302. Mortlock was born at Moat House, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire, England. Mortlock arrived in South Australia on the ''Imaum of Muscat'' on 9 November 1843. In 1850 at Port Lincoln he married Margaret, 18-year-old daughter of John Tennant who had arrived in South Australia from Scotland in 1839. He was a veterinary surgeon and sheep inspector in Adelaide for a period. In 1847, he occupied land near Port Lincoln that would subsequently become Yalluna Station, and he resigned his inspector role in 1856. He acquired three more leases in 1867-68: the Mount Arden, Pichi Richi, and Yudnapinna Stations. He was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly at the 1868 election, representing Flinders, but did not contest the 1870 election. He wa ...
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Fraud
In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or criminal law (e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or mortgage fraud, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements. Internal fraud, also known as "insider fraud", is fraud committed or attempted by someone within an organisation such as an employee. A hoax is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a vi ...
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Defeasible Reasoning
In philosophical logic, defeasible reasoning is a kind of reasoning that is rationally compelling, though not deductively valid. It usually occurs when a rule is given, but there may be specific exceptions to the rule, or subclasses that are subject to a different rule. Defeasibility is found in literatures that are concerned with argument and the process of argument, or heuristic reasoning. Defeasible reasoning is a particular kind of non-demonstrative reasoning, where the reasoning does not produce a full, complete, or final demonstration of a claim, i.e., where fallibility and corrigibility of a conclusion are acknowledged. In other words, defeasible reasoning produces a contingent statement or claim. Defeasible reasoning is also a kind of ampliative reasoning because its conclusions reach beyond the pure meanings of the premises. Defeasible reasoning finds its fullest expression in jurisprudence, ethics and moral philosophy, epistemology, pragmatics and conversational con ...
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Freehold Title
In English law, a fee simple or fee simple absolute is an estate in land, a form of freehold ownership. A "fee" is a vested, inheritable, present possessory interest in land. A "fee simple" is real property held without limit of time (i.e., permanently) under common law, whereas the highest possible form of ownership is a "fee simple absolute," which is without limitations on the land's use (such as qualifiers or conditions that disallow certain uses of the land or subject the vested interest to termination). The rights of the fee-simple owner are limited by government powers of taxation, compulsory purchase, police power, and escheat, and may also be limited further by certain encumbrances or conditions in the deed, such as, for example, a condition that required the land to be used as a public park, with a reversion interest in the grantor if the condition fails; this is a fee simple conditional. History The word "fee" is related to the term fief, meaning a feudal landhol ...
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Alexander Wallace Sandford
Alexander Wallace Sandford (23 April 1849 – 31 December 1905), often written A. Wallace Sandford or Wallace Sandford, was an Australian produce merchant and politician. He was the senior partner in the successful A. W. Sandford & Co. produce business, and was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1897 to 1902. His eldest son, Sir James Wallace Sandford, was a prominent figure in South Australian public life. History Sandford was born near Glasgow in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Melbourne, Victoria with his parents around 1864. He joined in the rush to the goldfields, where he worked for several years. He worked for a produce firm 1871 to 1874, then with a number of partners founded his own bacon curing business with a factory in Yarraville and stores in Melbourne, and was soon doing business in the Riverina district in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland, later specialising in dairy products. In 1880 they opened branches in Mount Gambi ...
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Empire (newspaper)
The ''Empire'' was a newspaper published in Sydney, Australia. It was published from 28 December 1850 to 14 February 1875, except for the period from 28 August 1858 to 23 May 1859, when publication was suspended. It was later absorbed by '' The Evening News''. History Henry Parkes founded the ''Empire'' and was its editor/proprietor until the business failed in August 1858. He made it "a newspaper destined to be the chief organ of mid-century liberalism and to serve as the rallying and reconciliation point for the sharpest radical and liberal minds of the day". The paper was bought by Samuel Bennett and William Hanson and resumed publication in May 1859 with the promise that "The Empire … will continue under the new management to advocate the same great principles by which it has hitherto been distinguished". In 1875 labour difficulties forced Bennett to merge the ''Empire'' with another of his papers, the ''Evening News''. ''The Evening News'' continued to be published unti ...
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