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Rappen Pfennig Freiburg
A Rappen (pl. Rappen) originally was a variant of the medieval Pfennig ("penny") coin common to the Alemannic German regions Alsace, Sundgau, northern Switzerland and south-western Germany. As with other German pennies, its half-piece was a Haller, the smallest piece which was struck. Today, one-hundredth of a Swiss franc is still officially called a ''Rappen'' in German and Swiss German and a ''rap'' in Romansh. In French-speaking Switzerland, the modern Swiss currency-unit is called a ''centime'' (pl. ''centimes'') and in Italian-speaking Switzerland, a ''centesimo'' (pl. ''centesimi''), respectively. ''Centime(s)'' is also used internationally or in other languages than the Swiss national languages. Name The origin of the term can be traced back to the ''Rappenpfennig'', a form of the penny minted in Freiburg im Breisgau in the 13th century featuring an eagle, which later on was interpreted to depict a raven (German ''Rabe''; the word is thus a cognate of its Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Language
Italian (''italiano'' or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Together with Sardinian, Italian is the least divergent language from Latin. Spoken by about 85 million people (2022), Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland (Ticino and the Grisons), San Marino, and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria (Croatia and Slovenia). Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia.Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) – Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Withdrawal Of Low-denomination Coins
The withdrawal of a country's lowest-denomination coins from circulation (usually a one- cent coin or equivalent) may either be through a decision to remove the coins from circulation, or simply through ceasing minting. Reasons This withdrawal may be due to the high cost of production, since the coin may be worth less than its cost of production. For example, when Canada phased out its penny in 2012, its production cost was 1.6 cents per penny. Other reasons include low purchasing power and low utility. Often coins are withdrawn after their purchasing power has been eroded after decades of inflation. In Switzerland, the 1 Rappen coin had fallen into disuse by the early 1980s, but was still produced until 2006, albeit in ever decreasing quantities. Conversely, the British Treasury department initially argued for the retention of the ''decimal'' halfpenny, on the grounds that its withdrawal would drive up inflation. In some countries, such as New Zealand, withdrawn coins are decla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vreneli
Vreneli (aka Goldvreneli) is the informal name for a range of legal tender gold coins of the Swiss franc. The coins were issued between 1897 and 1936, in 1947 and in 1949. All coins issued after 1936 are restrikes (legal tender ceased September 29, 1936). The coin exists in three denominations, of 10, 20 and 100 francs. The 20 francs coin was produced from 1897 to 1949 with a total issue of 58.6 million pieces. It replaced an earlier design of gold coin minted from 1883 to 1896. The 10 francs version was minted from 1911 to 1922 (total issue 2.6 million pieces), and the 100 francs version was minted in 1925 only (total issue 5,000 pieces). All coins have a purity of 90% gold and were minted to the standards of the Latin Monetary Union. The name ''Vreneli'' was given to the design of a female head in profile by Neuchâtel medalist Fritz Ulisse Landry. A more formal name is Helvetia Head (German ''Helvetiakopf'', French ''Tête d'Helvetia'', as opposed to the Seated Helvetia ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coins Of The Swiss Franc
The coins of the Swiss franc are the official coins used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. The name of the subunit is ''centime'' in French and internationally, ''Rappen'' in German, ''centesimo'' in Italian, and ''rap'' in Romansh. There are coins in denominations of 5 centimes, 10 centimes, 20 centimes, franc (50 centimes), 1 franc, 2 francs and 5 francs. All coins have the legend of either ''HELVETIA'' or ''CONFŒDERATIO HELVETICA'', the Latin name of the Swiss Confederation, along with the year number. The 5, 10 and 20 centimes coins show a head of Liberty in profile, designed by Karl Schwenzer (1879). The , 1 and 2 francs coins show a standing figure of the national personification ''Helvetia'', designed by Albert Walch (1860). The 5 francs coin on the obverse shows a portrait of an "alpine herdsman" (''Alphirte''), designed by Paul Burkhard (1922), and on the reverse the federal coat of arms; [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantons Of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland (german: Kanton; french: canton ; it, cantone; Sursilvan and Surmiran: ; Vallader and Puter: ; Sutsilvan: ; Rumantsch Grischun: ) are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the . Two important periods in the development of the Old Swiss Confederacy are summarized by the terms ('Eight Cantons'; from 1353–1481) and ('Thirteen Cantons', from 1513–1798).rendered "the 'confederacy of eight'" and "the 'Thirteen-Canton Confederation'", respectively, in: Each canton of the Old Swiss Confederacy, formerly also ('lieu/locality', from before 1450), or ('estate', from ), was a fully sovereign state with its own border controls, army, and currency from at least the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848, with a brief period of centralised government during the Helvetic Republic ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batzen
The batzen is an historical Swiss, south German and Austrian coin. It was first produced in Berne, Switzerland, from 1492 and continued in use there until the mid-19th century. Name Bernese chronicler Valerius Anshelm explained the word from a folk etymology perspective saying that it came from ''Bëtz'' ("bear"), the heraldic animal of the Swiss canton, which was embossed on the reverse of the coin. The word probably goes back to Upper German (particularly Bavarian) ''batzen'' ("stick together") or ''Batzen'' ("lump, thick piece"), since it referred to a ''Dickpfennig'' ("fat pfennig"). History A double ''Plappart'', which soon became known as a ''Batzen'', was minted in Berne from 1492. The minting of ''Batzen'' in Salzburg is also attested early on, in 1495. The ''Batzen'' was originally minted in silver, but from the 17th century in billon. The value of the ''Batzen'' varied over time depending on where it was minted. The value of a Bernese ''Batzen'' initially corr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berne Thaler
The ''Berne Thaler'' was a coin equivalent to the French silver ''écu'' (German: ''laubthaler'') issued by the Swiss canton of Bern. It contained 26.67 g fine silver and was valued at 4 livres. The currency of Bern was the ''livre'' (later, franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. The ''laubthaler'' or ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Berne franken and 4 Vaud francs. Coins In the late 18th century, billon coins were issued in denominations of and 1 Kreuzer, and 1 Batzen, together with silver 10 and 20 Kreuzer, , and 1 Thaler, and gold , 1 and 2 ''Duplone The duplone was a currency used in various Swiss cantons in the late 1700s and early 1800s. Although there is a wide range of conversions due to the differing sizes and gold contents of different canton's duplones, 1 duplone is generally equal to 16 ...''. The Kreuzer coins were inscribed as 1 ''Vierer''. Additionally, French ''écus'' were counterstamp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helvetic Republic
The Helvetic Republic (, , ) was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was created following the French invasion and the consequent dissolution of the Old Swiss Confederacy, marking the end of the ''ancien régime'' in Switzerland. Throughout its existence, the republic incorporated most of the territory of modern Switzerland, excluding the cantons of Geneva and Neuchâtel and the old Prince-Bishopric of Basel. The Swiss Confederacy, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud), was invaded by the French Revolutionary Army and turned into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic". The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place. Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic cantons, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Basel
The Diocese of Basel (german: Bistum Basel; la, Diœcesis Basileensis) is a Catholic diocese in Switzerland. Historically, the bishops of Basel were also secular rulers of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel (german: Fürstbistum Basel). The bishop of Basel has not resided in the city of Basel since 1528. Solothurn is the seat of the Bishop of Basel. Today the diocese of Basel includes the Swiss cantons of Aargau, Basel-Country, Basel-City, Berne, Jura, Lucerne, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, Thurgau, and Zug. Ordinaries *Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee (1576–1608) *Wilhelm Rinck von Balderstein (1609–1628) *Johann Heinrich von Ostein (1629–1646) *Beat Albrecht von Ramstein (1646–1651) *Johann Franz Reichsritter von Schönau (1651–1656) *Johann Konrad von Roggenbach (1657–1693) *Wilhelm Jakob Rink von Baldenstein (1693–1705) * Johann Konrad Reichsfreiherr von Reinach-Hirzbach (1705–1737) *Jakob Sigismund von Reinach-Steinbrunn (1737–1743) *Josef Wilhelm Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Rhine
The Upper Rhine (german: Oberrhein ; french: Rhin Supérieur) is the section of the Rhine between Basel in Switzerland and Bingen in Germany, surrounded by the Upper Rhine Plain. The river is marked by Rhine-kilometres 170 to 529 (the scale beginning in Konstanz and ending in Rotterdam). The ''Upper Rhine'' is one of four sections of the river (the others being the High Rhine, Middle Rhine and Lower Rhine) between Lake Constance and the North Sea. The countries and states along the Upper Rhine are Switzerland, France (Alsace) and the German states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. The largest cities along the river are Basel, Mulhouse, Strasbourg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Mainz. The Upper Rhine was straightened between 1817 and 1876 by Johann Gottfried Tulla and made navigable between 1928 and 1977. The Treaty of Versailles allows France to use the Upper Rhine for hydroelectricity in the Grand Canal d'Alsace. On the left bank are the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homophone
A homophone () is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning. A ''homophone'' may also differ in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, for example ''rose'' (flower) and ''rose'' (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in ''rain'', ''reign'', and ''rein''. The term ''homophone'' may also apply to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as another phrase, letter, or group of letters. Any unit with this property is said to be ''homophonous'' (). Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms, e.g. the word ''read'', as in "He is well ''read''" (he is very learned) vs. the sentence "I ''read'' that book" (I have finished reading that book). Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs, e.g. ''to'', ''too'', and ''two''. Etymology "Homophone" derives from Greek ''homo-'' (ὁμο ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
