Raoul De Ferrières
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Raoul De Ferrières
Raoul de Ferrières (''Floruit, fl.'' 1200–10), originally de Ferier, was a Normandy, Norman nobleman and trouvère. He was born in La Ferrière-sur-Risle, Ferrières in what is today the ''département'' of Eure. In 1209, Raoul was mentioned in a donation to the Abbey of Noé. A total of eleven ''chansons courtoises'' have been attributed to him in at least one manuscript, although several are attributed to other people in other copies, making the establishment of his corpus a fraught question. The most famous of Raoul's songs seems to have been RS1559, ''Quant li rossignols jolis'' ("When the pretty nightingales"), which is probably the song Johannes de Grocheio (''c''.1300) describes as a ''cantus coronatus'' ('crowned song', meaning probably that it had received a prize in a competition). This widely copied song is also ascribed to the Chastelain de Couci in several manuscripts as well as being transmitted anonymously in yet others. It was used as a model for the anonymo ...
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Section Of The Index Of TrouvM (F-Pn Fr
Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sign (§), typographical characters * Section (bookbinding), a group of sheets, folded in the middle, bound into the binding together * The Section (band), a 1970s American instrumental rock band * The Outpost (1995 film), ''The Outpost'' (1995 film), also known as ''The Section'' * Section, an instrumental group within an orchestra#Organization, orchestra * "Section", a song by 2 Chainz from the 2016 album ''ColleGrove'' * Sectioning (Peep Show), "Sectioning" (''Peep Show''), a 2005 television episode * David "Section" Mason, a fictional character in ''Call of Duty: Black Ops II'' Organisations * Section (Alpine club) * Section (military unit) * Section (Scouting) Science, technology and mathematics Science * Section (archaeology), a vi ...
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Mixolydian Mode
Mixolydian mode may refer to one of three things: the name applied to one of the ancient Greek ''harmoniai'' or ''tonoi'', based on a particular octave species or scale; one of the medieval church modes; or a modern musical mode or diatonic scale, related to the medieval mode. (The Hypomixolydian mode of medieval music, by contrast, has no modern counterpart.) The modern diatonic mode is the scale forming the basis of both the rising and falling forms of Harikambhoji in Carnatic music, the classical music form of southern India, or Khamaj in Hindustani music, the classical music form of northern India. Greek Mixolydian The idea of a Mixolydian mode comes from the music theory of ancient Greece. The invention of the ancient Greek Mixolydian mode was attributed to Sappho, the poet and musician. However, what the ancient Greeks thought of as Mixolydian is very different from the modern interpretation of the mode. The prefix ''mixo''- (-) means "mixed", referring to its re ...
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Andreus De Paris
In Greek mythology, Andreus (; ) may refer to two distinct individuals: * Andreus, son of the river-god Peneus in Thessaly, from whom the district about Orchomenos in Boeotia was called ''Andreis''. With Evippe, daughter of Leucon, Andreus had a son Eteocles, his successor. * Andreus, in another passage Pausanias speaks of Andreus (it is, however, uncertain whether he means the same man as the former) as the person who first colonized the island of Andros. According to Diodorus Siculus, Andreus was one of the generals of Rhadamanthys, from whom he received the island afterwards called Andros as a present. Stephanus of Byzantium, Conon and Ovid call this first colonizer "Andrus" (son of Anius) and not Andreus. Notes References * Conon'', Fifty Narrations, surviving as one-paragraph summaries in the Bibliotheca (Library) of Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople'' translated from the Greek by Brady KieslingOnline version at the Topos Text Project.* Diodorus Siculus, ''The Librar ...
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Gontier De Soignies
Gontier de Soignies was a medieval trouvère and composer who was active from around 1180 to 1220. Biography Gontier was from the region of Soignies in the County of Hainaut, a region that was then a state of the Holy Roman Empire. His life is mostly unknown, although in his works he alludes to travels in France and Burgundy, as well as the protection of the Count Palatine. One of his works is mentioned in '' Le Roman de la rose ou de Guillaume de Dole'' by Jean Renart Jean Renart, also known as Jean Renaut, was a Picard trouvère from the end of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th to whom three works are firmly ascribed: two metrical chivalric romance As a literary genre, the chivalric romance is .... Works Thirty-four love songs have been ascribed to Gontier, all of which have been preserved in several manuscripts, although only twenty-seven are generally considered to be his. His poetry is lyrics in the high style of the ''grand chant''. ;List of the main song ...
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Gautier De Dargies
Gautier de Dargies (ca. 1170 – ca. 1240) was a trouvère from Dargies. He was one of the most prolific of the early trouvères; possibly twenty-five of his lyrics survive, twenty-two with accompanying melodies, in sixteen separate ''chansonniers.'' He was a major influence on contemporary and later trouvères, and one of the most recorded of medieval vernacular composers. Seventeen '' chansons courtoises'' can be assigned indubitably to Gautier, fifteen with music, and three more are probably his, all with music. He imported the Occitan genre of the '' descort'' into Old French and left behind three ''descorts'' with their melodies. He also participated in two ''jeux partis'', but only one with music. His theme everywhere was courtly love. Gautier appears in documents of the years 1195, 1202, and 1206 as a ''vavasour.'' By 1236, his latest appearance in documents, he had achieved the rank of a knight. His military career is obscure, but he probably participated in the Third ...
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Gace Brulé
Gace Brulé ( 1160 – after 1213) was a French nobleman and trouvère from Champagne. His name is simply a description of his blazonry. He owned land in Groslière and had dealings with the Knights Templar, and received a gift from the future Louis VIII. These facts are known from documents from the time. The rest of his history has been extracted from his poetry. It has generally been asserted that he taught Theobald IV of Champagne the art of verse, an assumption which is based on a statement in the ''Chroniques de Saint-Denis'': "Si l'est entre lui heobaldet Gace Brulé les plus belles chançons et les plus delitables et melodieuses qui onque fussent ales." This has been taken as evidence of collaboration between the two poets. The passage will bear the interpretation that with those of Gace the songs of Thibaut were the best hitherto known. Paulin Paris, in the '' Histoire littéraire de la France'' (vol. xxiii.), quotes a number of facts that fix an earlier date for Ga ...
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Unicum
Unicum () is a Hungarian herbal liqueur or bitters, drunk as a digestif and apéritif. According to legend the liqueur was created in 1790 and is today produced by Zwack a secret formula of more than forty herbs; the drink is aged in oak casks. During communism in Hungary, the Zwack family lived in exile in New York City and Chicago, and Unicum in Hungary was produced using a different formula. Before moving to the United States, János Zwack had entrusted a family friend in Milan with the production of Unicum based on the original recipe.Unicum website
After the fall of communism, Péter Zwack returned to Hungary and resumed production of the original Unicum. The texture of the drink is "thick, black, goopy" and so bitter that it is often described as an

Chansons Françaises Avec Musique Notée (
A (, ; , ) is generally any lyric-driven French song. The term is most commonly used in English to refer either to the secular polyphonic French songs of late medieval and Renaissance music or to a specific style of French pop music which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The genre had origins in the monophonic songs of troubadours and trouvères, though the only polyphonic precedents were 16 works by Adam de la Halle and one by Jehan de Lescurel. Not until the ''ars nova'' composer Guillaume de Machaut did any composer write a significant number of polyphonic chansons. A broad term, the word ''chanson'' literally means "song" in French and can thus less commonly refer to a variety of (usually secular) French genres throughout history. This includes the songs of chansonnier, ''chanson de geste'' and Grand chant; court songs of the late Renaissance and early Baroque music periods, ''air de cour''; popular songs from the 17th to 19th century, ''bergerette'', ''brunette'', '' ch ...
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Simon D'Authie
Simon d'Authie or d'Autie (1180/90 – after 1235) was a lawyer, priest and Old French '' -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... '' Authie, and died at Amiens">trouvère''. He was from Authie, Somme">Authie, and died at Amiens. Up to eleven songs are attributed to him, but only five are certain. He is also the respondent in three jeux-partis. From at least 1223 Simon served as a canon, and in 1228 as dean of the chapter, at Amiens Cathedral. He worked as a lawyer for the Abbey of Saint Vaast in a lawsuit against lay assessors (1222–26) and a case involving the chapter of Arras Cathedral (1232). Simon was respondent in a ''[ eu-parti'' with Gilles le Vinier ("Maistre Simon, d'un esample nouvel") and in another two with Hue le Maronnier ("Symon, le quel emploie" and "Symon, or me faites"). The latter two were judged by the ''trouvère'' Adam de Givenchi. Both Gilles and Adam appear in the s ...
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