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Raorchestes Nerostagona
''Raorchestes nerostagona'' is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is Endemism, endemic to the Western Ghats, India. It has been called as the Kalpetta yellow bush frog or lichen bush frog for its patchy lichen like patterning that make it cryptic. First described in 2005 based on a specimen obtained in Kalpetta, the species has subsequently been found in many parts of the Western Ghats. This frog has been observed between 900 and 1200 meters above sea level. Taxonomy The species was originally described in the genus ''Philautus'' but has since been moved into the genus ''Raorchestes''. The species name is derived from Greek ''nero'' for water and ''stagona'' for drop and refers to the call of the frog which is emitted from high up in the trees and resembles the sound of a raindrop falling into water. Like all other members of this genus, eggs are thought to develop into little froglets entirely within the egg-shell, although this direct development pattern was n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 Myr, million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhacophoridae
The Rhacophoridae are a family of frogs that occur in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan, northeastern India to eastern China and Taiwan, south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi. They are commonly known as shrub frogs, or more ambiguously as " moss frogs" or " bush frogs". Some Rhacophoridae are called "tree frogs". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "flying frogs". Although a few groups are primarily terrestrial, rhacophorids are predominantly arboreal treefrogs. Mating frogs, while in amplexus, hold on to a branch, and beat their legs to form a foam. The eggs are laid in the foam and covered with seminal fluid before the foam hardens into a protective casing. In some species, this is done in a large group. The foam is laid above a water source so the tadpoles fall into the water once they hatch. The species within this family vary in size from . Like other arboreal frogs, they have toe discs, and thos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalpetta
Kalpetta is a major town and municipality in the Wayanad district, state of Kerala, India. Kalpetta is the headquarters of Wayanad district, as well as the headquarters of Vythiri taluk. It is a bustling town surrounded by dense coffee and tea plantations and mountains. It lies on the Kozhikode-Mysore National Highway NH 766 (formerly NH 212) at an altitude of about 780 m above sea level. Kalpetta is 72 km from Kozhikode and 140 km from Mysore. Apart from being the administrative capital of the district, Kalpetta is also the main hub of tourism activities in Wayanad due to its central location within the district and its proximity to most visited tourist sites. There is a good number of hotels and resorts within and surrounding the city of Kalpetta. Etymology It is believed that the early Jain residents who migrated from Karnataka had named the place "Kalpetta". In Kannada, the words "Kal" and "Pettah" mean "deposits of stones". Rocks, large and small, are found thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raorchestes Nerostagona3
''Raorchestes'' is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae that are found in mountainous regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China. A recent study places ''Raorchestes'' as a sister taxon of ''Pseudophilautus''. Before the description of the genus in 2010, species now in ''Raorchestes'' had been assigned to genera ''Ixalus'' (no longer recognized), '' Philautus'', and ''Pseudophilautus''. The genus is named in honour of C. R. Narayan Rao in recognition of his contribution to Indian batrachology. The other root ''orchestes'' is based on an older genus name for frogs of the '' Philautus'' group, ''Orchestes'' Tschudi 1838. Extensive exploration in the range of the genus in the Western Ghats of India suggests an under-estimation of the number of species in the genus. A study of the diverse species of the genus show that the separate isolated massifs of the Western Ghats played a major role in the speciation and habitat specificity seen in the genus of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis
''Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'' ( ), also known as ''Bd'' or the amphibian chytrid fungus, is a fungus that causes the disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Since its discovery in 1998 by Lee Berger, the disease devastated amphibian populations around the world, in a global decline towards multiple extinctions, part of the Holocene extinction. A recently described second species, '' B. salamandrivorans'', also cause chytridiomycosis and death in salamanders. The fungal pathogens that cause the disease chytridiomycosis ravage the skin of frogs, toads, and other amphibians, throwing off their balance of water and salt and eventually causing heart failure, Nature reports. Some amphibian species appear to have an innate capacity to withstand chytridiomycosis infection due to symbiosis with ''Janthinobacterium lividum''. Even within species that generally succumb, some populations survive, possibly demonstrating that these traits or alleles of species are being subjected to evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis ( ) is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi ''Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'' and ''Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans''. Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or extinctions of amphibian species in western North America, Central America, South America, eastern Australia, east Africa (Tanzania), and Dominica and Montserrat in the Caribbean. Much of the New World is also at risk of the disease arriving within the coming years. The fungus is capable of causing sporadic deaths in some amphibian populations and 100% mortality in others. No effective measure is known for control of the disease in wild populations. Various clinical signs are seen by individuals affected by the disease. A number of options are possible for controlling this disease-causing fungus, though none has proved to be feasible on a large scale. The disease has been proposed as a contributing factor to a global decline in amphibian populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raorchestes
''Raorchestes'' is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae that are found in mountainous regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China. A recent study places ''Raorchestes'' as a sister taxon of ''Pseudophilautus''. Before the description of the genus in 2010, species now in ''Raorchestes'' had been assigned to genera ''Ixalus'' (no longer recognized), ''Philautus'', and ''Pseudophilautus''. The genus is named in honour of C. R. Narayan Rao in recognition of his contribution to Indian batrachology. The other root ''orchestes'' is based on an older genus name for frogs of the ''Philautus'' group, ''Orchestes'' Tschudi 1838. Extensive exploration in the range of the genus in the Western Ghats of India suggests an under-estimation of the number of species in the genus. A study of the diverse species of the genus show that the separate isolated massifs of the Western Ghats played a major role in the speciation and habitat specificity seen in the genus of bush ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frogs Of India
This is an index to the amphibians found in India. The amphibians of India show a high level of endemism. This list is based largely on Darrel Frost (2006) and includes common names from older books and journals. Order Anura Family Bufonidae * Ornate torrent toad, ''Ansonia ornata'' = ''Ghatophryne ornata'' (Günther, 1876) * Silent Valley torrent toad, ''Ansonia ornata'' = ''Ghatophryne rubigina'' (Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981) * '' Bufo beddomii'' ( Günther, 1876) * '' Bufo brevirostris'' (Rao, 1937) * '' Bufo burmanus'' (Andersson, 1939) * '' Duttaphrynus cyphosus'' = ''Bufo cyphosus'' (Ye, 1977) * Himalayan toad, '' Duttaphrynus himalayanus'' (Günther, 1864) = ''Bufo himalayanus'' (Günther, 1864) * '' Bufo hololius'' (Günther, 1876) * '' Xanthophryne koynayensis'' (Soman, 1963) * ''Xanthophryne tigerina'' Biju, Bocxlaer, Giri, Loader and Bossuyt, 2009 * Ladakh toad, '' Pseudepidalea latastii'' Boulenger, 1882 = ''Bufo latastii'' * Common Indian toad, ''Duttaphrynus melan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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