Raffaelea Quercivora

	Raffaelea Quercivora ''Raffaelea quercivora'' is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae The Ophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscribed by J.A. Nannfeldt in 1932. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are typically found in temperate regions .... It causes Japanese oak wilt disease, and is spread by the ambrosia beetle ('' Platypus quercivorus''). It has small obovoid to pyriform sympodioconidia and slender, long conidiophores. The fungus has been isolated from the body surfaces and mycangia of the beetle. References Further reading * * * * * External links * Fungi described in 2002 Ophiostomatales {{Sordariomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fungus A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ophiostomataceae The Ophiostomataceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. The family was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by John Axel Nannfeldt, J.A. Nannfeldt in 1932. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are typically found in temperate regions, as plant pathogen, pathogens of both coniferous and deciduous trees. Genera ''Ceratocystiopsis'' ''Dryadomyces'' ''Equicapillimyces'' ''Graphilbum'' ''Graphiocladiella'' ''Grosmannia'' ''Hyalorhinocladiella'' ''Klasterskya'' ''Knoxdaviesia'' ''Leptographium'' ''Ophiostoma'' ''Pachnodium'' ''Pesotum (fungus), Pesotum'' ''Raffaelea'' ''Sporothrix'' ''Spumatoria'' ''Subbaromyces'' References External links Ophiostomatales Ascomycota families Taxa named by John Axel Nannfeldt Taxa described in 1932 {{Sordariomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Japanese Oak Wilt Japanese oak wilt (also called mortality of oak trees in Japan) is a fungal disease caused by ''Raffaelea quercivora'' fungus affecting by oak trees. In 1998, Japanese plant pathologists group was isolation, inoculation and reisolation the dead tree.Ito S., Kubono T., Sahasi N., Yamada T.(199Associated fungi with the mass mortality of oak trees ''Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society 80(3), 170-175.'' It is the first disease known that ''Raffaela'' fungus cause plant disease. Symptoms The first obvious symptom was that the leaves wilted, and many small holes appeared on the trunk. The leaves turned to red and died back quickly (1 or 2 weeks), and finally the tree died. If you cut the dead tree, you would discover the xylem had been discolored to brown. Mechanism The oak trees react plugging their xylem with gum and tyloses for blocking the fungus spreading.{{cite journal, url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002830776/en, author1=Kuroda, K. , author2=Yamada, T. , year=1996, title= D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Platypus Quercivorus ''Platypus quercivorus'', the oak ambrosia beetle, is a species of weevil and pest of broad-leaved trees.Sone, K., Mori, T., Ide, M. (1998). Life history of the oak borer, ''Platypus quercivorus'' (Murayama) (Coleoptera : Platypodidae). ''Applied Entomology and Zoology 33'': 67-75. This species is most commonly known for vectoring the fungus responsible for excessive oak dieback in Japan since the 1980s.Kamata, N., Esaki, K., Kato, K., Igeta, Y., Wada, K. (2002). Potential impact of global warming on deciduous oak dieback caused by ambrosia fungus ''Raffaelea sp'' carried by ambrosia beetle ''Platypus quercivorus'' (Coleoptera : Platypodidae) in Japan. ''Bulletin of Entomological Research 92'': 119-126. It is found in Japan, India, Indonesia, New Guinea, and Taiwan. Description Since ''P. quercivorus'' belongs to the Platypodinae, it has distinct clubs on the end of its stout antennae with three solid segments.Benzel, J. (2015). Screening aid: Ambrosia beetles, ''Platypus querci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Conidium A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidia are sometimes used. Conidiogenesis There are two main types of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Mycangia The term mycangium (pl., mycangia) is used in biology for special structures on the body of an animal that are adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi (usually in spore form). This is seen in many xylophagous insects (e.g. horntails and bark beetles), which apparently derive much of their nutrition from the digestion of various fungi that are growing amidst the wood fibers. In some cases, as in ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae), the fungi are the sole food, and the excavations in the wood are simply to make a suitable microenvironment for the fungus to grow. In other cases (e.g., the southern pine beetle, ''Dendroctonus frontalis''), wood tissue is the main food, and fungi weaken the defense response from the host plant. Some species of phoretic mites that ride on the beetles, have their own type of mycangium, but for historical reasons, mite taxonomists use the term acarinarium. Apart from riding on the beetles, the mites live together w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fungi Described In 2002 A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]