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Rafael Celestino Benítez
Rear Admiral Rafael Celestino Benítez (March 9, 1917 – March 6, 1999) was a highly decorated American submarine commander who led the rescue effort of the crew members of the during the Cold War. After retiring from the navy, he was Pan American World Airways' vice president for Latin America. He taught international law for 16 years at the University of Miami School of Law, and served as associate dean, interim dean and director and founder of the foreign graduate law program. While there, he founded the comparative law LL.M. program, the inter-American law LL.M. program, and the ''Inter-American Law Review''. After his death, the university established a scholarship in his memory to benefit a foreign attorney who is enrolled in one of the Law School's LL.M. programs. Early years Benítez was born in Juncos, Puerto Rico, where he received his primary and secondary education. After he finished high school, he was accepted in the United States Naval Academy by appointment o ...
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Juncos, Puerto Rico
Juncos (, ) is a town and one of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico. It is located in the eastern central region of the island to the west of the Caguas Valley, south of Canóvanas and Carolina; southeast of Gurabo; east of San Lorenzo; and west of Las Piedras. Juncos is spread over 9 barrios and Juncos barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. Juncos was founded on the request of Tomás Pizarro on August 2, 1797, having previously been a village which evolved from a small ranch, the ''Hatillo de los Juncos''. This ranch was part of the ''Hato del Valenciano'', which gave its name to the Río Valenciano which bisects the city before joining the Río Gurabo to the north of the settlement. ''Juncos'' is Spanish for reeds. History During the 17th century, large parts of the municipality were owned by the ''Hato Grande de los Delgado'' (The Delgados' Great Ranch). Anot ...
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University Of Miami School Of Law
The University of Miami School of Law (Miami Law or UM Law) is the law school of the University of Miami, a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. Founded in 1926, the University of Miami School of Law is the oldest law school in South Florida, graduating its first class of 13 students in 1929. The school offers 300 courses in 18 areas of study, 17 legal clinics and practicums, and over two dozen interdisciplinary and joint-degree programs. Campus The University of Miami School of Law is located on the main campus of the University of Miami in Coral Gables, south of downtown Miami, the ninth largest metropolitan area in the United States. The University of Miami School of Law is centered on a central courtyard on the University of Miami campus called the Bricks. The University of Miami School of Law Library has a collection of over 600,000 volumes in print and microform and subscribes to a large list of electronic resources. The University of Miami campus is ...
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USS Tusk (SS-426)
USS ''Tusk'' (SS-426), a , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the tusk, an alternate name for the cusk, a large edible saltwater fish related to the cod. Her keel was laid down on 23 August 1943 at Philadelphia by the Cramp Shipbuilding Company. She was launched on 8 July 1945 sponsored by Mrs. Carolyn Park Mills, and commissioned on 11 April 1946. ''Tusk'' and are erroneously listed with the ''Tench'' class in some sources, as their hull numbers are in the sequence assigned to that class. Shakedown and GUPPY Conversion ''Tusk'' completed her shakedown cruise in the southern Atlantic with a round of goodwill visits to Latin American ports. She called at Rio de Janeiro and Bahia in Brazil, Curaçao in the Netherlands West Indies, and at Colón in the Panama Canal Zone before returning to New London, Connecticut, in June. For the next year, she conducted operations along the East Coast between New London and Wilmington, North Carolina. During the ...
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Georgetown Law School
The Georgetown University Law Center (Georgetown Law) is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment and the most applied to, receiving more full-time applications than any other law school in the country.10 Law Schools With the Most Full-Time Applications
U.S. News & World Report, Published: March 31, 2016. Retrieved: January 30, 2017
A leading institution in constitutional, technology, and international law, numerous alumni have entered p ...
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Ship Commissioning
Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning. The term is most commonly applied to placing a warship in active duty with its country's military forces. The ceremonies involved are often rooted in centuries-old naval tradition. Ship naming and launching endow a ship hull with her identity, but many milestones remain before she is completed and considered ready to be designated a commissioned ship. The engineering plant, weapon and electronic systems, galley, and other equipment required to transform the new hull into an operating and habitable warship are installed and tested. The prospective commanding officer, ship's officers, the petty officers, and seamen who will form the crew report for training and familiarization with their new ship. Before commissioning, the new ship undergoes sea trials to identify any deficiencies needing corre ...
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Ship Naming And Launching
Ceremonial ship launching involves the performance of ceremonies associated with the process of transferring a vessel to the water. It is a nautical tradition in many cultures, dating back thousands of years, to accompany the physical process with ceremonies which have been observed as public celebration and a solemn blessing, usually but not always, in association with the launch itself. Ship launching imposes stresses on the ship not met during normal operation and, in addition to the size and weight of the vessel, represents a considerable engineering challenge as well as a public spectacle. The process also involves many traditions intended to invite good luck, such as christening by breaking a sacrificial bottle of champagne over the bow as the ship is named aloud and launched. Methods There are three principal methods of conveying a new ship from building site to water, only two of which are called "launching". The oldest, most familiar, and most widely used is th ...
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Flatfish
A flatfish is a member of the Ray-finned fish, ray-finned demersal fish order (biology), order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward, and others face either side upward. Many important food fish are in this order, including the flounders, sole (fish), soles, turbot, plaice, and halibut. Some flatfish can camouflage themselves on the ocean floor. Taxonomy Over 800 described species are placed into 16 families. Broadly, the flatfishes are divided into two suborders, Psettodoidei and Pleuronectoidei, with > 99% of the species diversity found within the Pleuronectoidei. The largest families are Soleidae, Bothidae and Tonguefish, Cynoglossidae with more than 150 species each. There also exist two monotypic families (P ...
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Halibut
Halibut is the common name for three flatfish in the genera '' Hippoglossus'' and ''Reinhardtius'' from the family of right-eye flounders and, in some regions, and less commonly, other species of large flatfish. The word is derived from ''haly'' (holy) and ''butte'' (flat fish), for its popularity on Catholic holy days. Halibut are demersal fish and are highly regarded as a food fish as well as a sport fish. Species A 2018 cladistic analysis based on genetics and morphology showed that the greenland halibut diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the Atlantic and Pacific halibuts. The common ancestor of all three diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the genus '' Verasper'', comprising the spotted halibut and barfin flounder. * Genus '' Hippoglossus'' ** Atlantic halibut, ''Hippoglossus hippoglossus'' – lives in the North Atlantic ** Pacific halibut, ''Hippoglossus stenolepis'' – lives in the North Pacific Ocean * Genus ''Reinhardtius'' **Greenland halib ...
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USS Halibut (SS-232)
USS ''Halibut'' (SS-232), a submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the halibut, a large species of flatfish. Construction and commissioning ''Halibut''′s keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard at Kittery, Maine on 16 May 1941. She was launched on 3 December 1941, sponsored by Mrs. P. T. Blackburn, and commissioned on 10 April 1942 with Commander Philip H. Ross in command. War patrols First and second patrols ''Halibut'' completed her outfitting and shakedown cruise 23 June 1942 and departed for the Pacific, arriving Pearl Harbor on 27 June. She departed Hawaii 9 August for the Aleutian Islands area for her first patrol. After searching Chichagof Harbor and the waters off Kiska Island, the submarine engaged in an indecisive gunnery duel with a freighter on 23 August. Finding few targets, she terminated her patrol at Dutch Harbor on 23 September. Her second patrol was also off the Aleutians. She departed Dutch Harbor on 2 Oct ...
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Depth Charge
A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon. It is intended to destroy a submarine by being dropped into the water nearby and detonating, subjecting the target to a powerful and destructive Shock factor, hydraulic shock. Most depth charges use explosive, high explosive charges and a fuze set to detonate the charge, typically at a specific depth. Depth charges can be dropped by ships, patrol aircraft, and helicopters. Depth charges were developed during World War I, and were one of the first viable methods of attacking a submarine underwater. They were widely used in World War I and World War II, and remained part of the anti-submarine arsenals of many navies during the Cold War, during which they were supplemented, and later largely replaced, by anti-submarine homing torpedoes. A depth charge fitted with a nuclear warhead is also known as a "nuclear depth bomb". These were designed to be dropped from a patrol plane or deployed by an anti-submarine missile from a s ...
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USS Grenadier (SS-210)
USS ''Grenadier'' (SS-210), a , was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the grenadier fish, relatives of cod that are very common in bathyal and abyssal habitats. Construction and commissioning ''Grenadier''′s keel was laid down by Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, in April 1940. She was launched on 29 November 1940, sponsored by Mrs. Virginia E. Anderson, wife of Rear Admiral Walter S. Anderson, Director of Naval Intelligence. ''Grenadier'' was commissioned on 1 May 1941 with Lieutenant Commander Allen R. Joyce in command. Pre-World War II service On 20 June 1941 ''Grenadier'' participated in the search for , which had failed to surface after a deep test dive, and was present two days later as memorial exercises were conducted over the spot where ''O-9'' and her crew lay. After shakedown in the Caribbean Sea, ''Grenadier'' returned to Portsmouth on 5 November for refit. Less than three weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, she s ...
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USS Dace (SS-247)
USS ''Dace'' (SS-247), a ''Gato''-class submarine, was the first submarine of the United States Navy to be named for any of several small North American fresh-water fishes of the carp family. Construction and commissioning ''Dace''′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut, 22 July 1942. She was launched on 25 April 1943, sponsored by Mrs O. P. Robertson, and commissioned on 23 July 1943, Lieutenant Commander Joseph F. Enright in command. Service history United States Navy World War II =1943= Departing New London, Connecticut on 7 September 1943, ''Dace'' arrived at Pearl Harbor on 3 October, and 17 days later sailed on her first war patrol, bound for the southeast coast of Honshū and the approaches to Nagoya. On 7 November, she made her first contact with the enemy, damaging a freighter with torpedoes. Alert action by patrol craft prevented ''Dace'' from continuing her attack. She returned to Midway Island to refit from 11 December †...
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