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Rael, Syria
Rael ( ar, راعل, Rā'aīl), also spelled Ra'il, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located halfway between Azaz and al-Rai, some north of the city of Aleppo and south of the border to the Turkish province of Kilis, the village administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Ihtaimlat to the south and Dabiq to the south. In the 2004 census, Rael had a population of 1,750. The village is inhabited by Turkmen. Traveler Martin Hartmann Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies. In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleische ... noted the village as a Turkish village in late 19th century. References {{Aleppo Governorate, azaz Populated places in Azaz District Turkmen settlements in Aleppo Governorate ...
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List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 206 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 UN member states, 2 UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and 11 other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (16 states, of which there are 6 UN member states, 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and 9 de facto states), and states having a special political status (2 states, both in free association with New Zealand). Compiling a list such as this can be a complicated and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerni ...
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Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary republic that consists of 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Albanians, and Greeks. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis. The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Mu ...
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Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies. In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.Hartmann, Martin
in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 7 (1966), S. 745 f.
As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "''

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Syrian Turkmen
Syrian Turkmen, also referred to as Syrian Turkomans, Turkish Syrians, or simply Syrian Turks or Turks of Syria, ( ar, تركمان سوريا; tr, Suriye Türkmenleri or ) are Syrian citizens of Turkish people, Turkish origin who mainly trace their roots to Anatolia (i.e. modern Turkey). Turkish language, Turkish-speaking Syrian Turkmen make up the third largest ethnic group in the country, after the Arabs and Kurds respectively. The majority of Syrian Turkmen are the descendants of migrants who arrived in Syria during Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule (1516–1918);. however, there are also many Syrian Turkmen who are the descendants of earlier Turkish settlers that arrived during the Seljuk Empire, Seljuk (1037–1194) and Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk (1250–1517) periods. Some estimates indicate that if Arabization, Arabized Turkmen (i.e. those who no longer speak their main language) are taken into account, then they form the second largest group in the country.. The major ...
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Dabiq, Syria
Dabiq ( ar, دابق ) is a town in northern Syria, about northeast of Aleppo and around south of Syria's border with Turkey. It is administratively part of the Akhtarin ''nahiyah'' (subdistrict) of the A'zaz District of Aleppo Governorate. Nearby localities include Mare' to the southwest, Sawran to the northwest, and Akhtarin town to the southeast. In the 2004 census, Dabiq had a population of 3,364. The town was the site of the battle of Marj Dabiq in 1516, in which the Ottoman Empire decisively defeated the Mamluk Sultanate. In Islamic eschatology, it is believed that Dabiq is one of two possible locations (the other is Amaq) for an epic battle between invading Christians and the defending Muslims which will result in a Muslim victory and mark the beginning of the end of times. The Islamic terrorist group Islamic State believes Dabiq is where an epic and decisive battle will take place with Christian forces of the West, and have named their online magazine after the vi ...
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Ihtaimlat
Ihtimillet ( ar, احتملات, Iḩtimillet) or Ihtaimlat ( ar, إحتيملات, Iḩtaymilāt), also spelled ''Ihtaymilat'', ''Ahtaymalat'' or ''Hetemlat'', is a town in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located some north of the city of Aleppo, it administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District Azaz District ( ar, منطقة أعزاز, manṭiqat A'zāz) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Azaz. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 251,769. The district lies .... Nearby localities include Sawran to the west and Dabiq to the south. In the 2004 census, Ihtaimlat had a population of 6,764. References {{Aleppo Governorate, azaz Populated places in Azaz District ...
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Sawran Subdistrict, Aleppo Governorate
Sawran Subdistrict ( ar-at, ناحية صوران, nāḥiyah Sawran) is a nahiyah, subdistrict of Azaz District in northwestern Aleppo Governorate of northern Syria, on the border with Turkey. The administrative centre is the town of Sawran, Aleppo Governorate, Sawran. Neighbouring subdistricts are Azaz Subdistrict to the west, Nahiya Akhtarin, Akhtarin to the east and Mare' Subdistrict, Mare' to the south. To the north is the Kilis Province of Turkey. At the 2004 census, the subdistrict had a population of 30,032. Cities, towns and villages References

Azaz District Subdistricts of Aleppo Governorate, Sawran {{AleppoSY-geo-stub ...
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Kilis Province
Kilis Province ( tr, Kilis ili) is a province in southern Turkey, on the border with Syria. It used to be the southern part of the province of Gaziantep and was formed in 1994. The town of Kilis is home to around 67% of the inhabitants of the province; the other towns and villages are very small. History There is evidence of human occupation from 4,000 years ago, in the Middle Bronze Age. The region has been ruled by the Hurrians, the Assyrian Empire, the Hittite Empire, the Persian Empire, the Macedonian Empire, the Roman Empire (including the Byzantine Empire), the Armenian Kingdom and finally by the Ottoman Empire. Places of historical interest include a number of burial mounds, castles and mosques. The name of Kilis is thought to be originating from two possible sources. First one the Arabic word for lime which is "Kil'seh", was shortened and became Kilis. The reason is that the soil of Kilis contains high levels of lime. Second possible source is Turkish word for chur ...
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Aleppo
)), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = , mapsize1 = , map_caption1 = , pushpin_map = Syria#Mediterranean east#Asia#Syria Aleppo , pushpin_label_position = left , pushpin_relief = yes , pushpin_mapsize = , pushpin_map_caption = Location of Aleppo in Syria , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Governorate , subdivision_type2 = District , subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict , subdivision_name1 = Aleppo Governorate , subdivision_name2 = Mount Simeon (Jabal Semaan) , subdivision_name3 = Mount Simeon ( ...
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Al-Rai, Syria
Al-Rai ( ar, الراعي, ''al-Ra'i'' or ''al-Rayi''; tr, Çobanbey), is a small town in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. With 4,609 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, al-Rai is the administrative center of the sparsely populated Nahiya al-Rai. Located at the Baghdad Railway and close to the Turkish border, right across Elbeyli, it is however a strategically important village. The town of Akhtarin, some to the southwest. Larger towns are Azaz, some to the west, and Jarablus and Manbij, both some to the east. Prior to the Syrian Civil War, the town was inhabited primarily by Turkmen.Günümüzde Suriye Türkmenleri Suriye’de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri.ORSAM Rapor № 83. ORSAM – Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı Rapor № 14. Ankara — November 2011. Railway The Al-Rai Railway Border Gate which had been closed since 1981, was reopened on 22 December 2009 after the 62 km line between Aleppo and Al-Rai was renew ...
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Azaz
Azaz ( ar, أَعْزَاز, ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 in the 2004 census.General Census of Population and Housing 2004
. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Aleppo Governorate.
, its inhabitants were almost entirely s, mostly but also some
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Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European and Middle Eastern countries, which makes it the same as Arabia Standard Time, East Africa Time, and Moscow Time. During the winter periods, Eastern European Time ( UTC+02:00) is used. Since 1996, European Summer Time has been applied from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. Previously, the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Usage The following countries and territories use Eastern European Summer Time during the summer: * Belarus, Moscow Summer Time in years 1981–89, regular EEST from 1991-2011 * Bulgaria, regular EEST since 1979 * Cyprus, regular EEST since 1979 ( Northern Cyprus stopped using EEST in September 2016, but returned to EEST in March 2018) * Estonia, Moscow Summer Time in years 1981–88, regular EEST since 1989 * Finland, regu ...
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