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Radio Batavia
NIROM (''Nederlandsch-Indische Radio-Omroep Maatschappij''; Dutch East Indies Radio Broadcasting Corporation) was the privately funded territorial broadcaster of the Dutch East Indies. It was one of the precursors of Radio Republik Indonesia. NIROM was founded in 1928 in Amsterdam but only started broadcasting on 1 April 1934. Starting in Java, it gradually extended its range across the Indonesian archipelago. NIROM operated 27 transmitters by 1939, broadcasting mostly on shortwave. NIROM was founded by a license fee, which dropped in rate as the number of listeners grew. In 1939, NIROM had 70,000 listeners; by then the license fee was 1.25 East Indies guilders. PHOHI, the shortwave station of the Philips company based in the Netherlands, was one of the stakeholders in the company. Broadcasting initially was in Dutch only; from 1935 onwards an ''Oriental Programme'' was broadcast in local languages. In 1934 NIROM started publishing a listing magazine, ''De NIROM-bode'', which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Network
There are two types of radio network currently in use around the world: the one-to-many (simplex communication) broadcast network commonly used for public information and mass-media entertainment, and the two-way radio ( duplex communication) type used more commonly for public safety and public services such as police, fire, taxicabs, and delivery services. Cell phones are able to send and receive simultaneously by using two different frequencies at the same time. Many of the same components and much of the same basic technology applies to all three. The two-way type of radio network shares many of the same technologies and components as the broadcast-type radio network but is generally set up with fixed broadcast points (transmitters) with co-located receivers and mobile receivers/transmitters or transceivers. In this way both the fixed and mobile radio units can communicate with each other over broad geographic regions ranging in size from small single cities to entire states/prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Indonesia
More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. These figures indicate that Indonesia has about 10% of the world's languages, establishing its reputation as the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world after Papua New Guinea. Most languages belong to the Austronesian language family, while there are over 270 Papuan languages spoken in eastern Indonesia. The language most widely spoken as a native language is Javanese. Languages in Indonesia are classified into nine categories: national language, locally used indigenous languages, regional lingua francas, foreign and additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. National language The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian (locally known as ''bahasa Indonesia''), a standardised form of Malay, which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. The vocabulary of Indonesian borrows heavily from regional languages of In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Networks
There are two types of radio network currently in use around the world: the one-to-many (simplex communication) broadcast network commonly used for public information and mass media, mass-media entertainment, and the two-way radio (Duplex (telecommunications), duplex communication) type used more commonly for public safety and public services such as police, fire, taxicabs, and delivery services. Cell phones are able to send and receive simultaneously by using two different frequencies at the same time. Many of the same components and much of the same basic technology applies to all three. The two-way type of radio network shares many of the same technologies and components as the broadcast-type radio network but is generally set up with fixed broadcast points (transmitters) with co-located receivers and mobile receivers/transmitters or transceivers. In this way both the fixed and mobile radio units can communicate with each other over broad geographic regions ranging in size from s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelmina Of The Netherlands
Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I, the Dutch economic crisis of 1933 and World War II. The only child of King William III of the Netherlands and Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Wilhelmina ascended to the throne at the age of 10 after her father's death in 1890, under her mother's regency. After taking charge of government, Wilhelmina became generally popular for maintaining Dutch neutrality during the First World War and solving many of her country's industrial problems. By that time, her business ventures had made her the world's first female billionaire in dollars. She went on to ensure that her family was one of seven European royal houses remaining in existence. Following the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940, Wilhelmina fled to Britain and took charge of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of The Netherlands
Despite Dutch neutrality, Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 as part of Fall Gelb (Case Yellow). On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family relocated to London. Princess Juliana and her children sought refuge in Ottawa, Canada until after the war. The invaders placed the Netherlands under German occupation, which lasted in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945. Active resistance, at first carried out by a minority, grew in the course of the occupation. The occupiers deported the majority of the country's Jews to Nazi concentration camps. Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants among local regions in the Netherlands, scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level. In part due to the well-organized population registers, about 70% of the country's Jewish population were killed in the course of World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haji Agus Salim
''Haji'' Agus Salim (; October 8, 1884 – November 4, 1954) was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and statesman. He served as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1947 and 1949. Early life Agus Salim was born Masjhoedoelhaq Salim on October 8, 1884, in the village of Koto Gadang, a suburb of Fort de Kock. His father, Sutan Mohammad Salim, was a colonial prosecutor and judge whose highest rank was chief judge for the indigenous court in Tanjung Pinang. His birth name, which translates into "defender of truth", was changed into Agus Salim early in his childhood. Salim received his elementary education at ''Europeesche Lagere School''; at that time, it was considered a privilege for a non-European child to attend an all-European school. He continued his studies at the ''Hogere Burgerschool'' in Batavia, and graduated with the highest score in the whole Dutch East Indies. Salim's father had applied (and was granted) for his two sons, Agus and Jacob, to be granted equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Oranje
''Radio Oranje'' (; Dutch: "Radio Orange") was a Dutch radio programme on the BBC European Service broadcast to the German-occupied Netherlands during World War II. It was transmitted from London and broadcast programmes of approximately 15 minutes. It consisted of brief commentaries on current affairs and political speeches, as well as news on the Free Dutch Forces, colonies, and merchant navy. It was distinct from the BBC's own Dutch Service which only broadcast news programmes and which, unlike Radio Oranje, was not controlled by the Dutch government in exile. Radio Oranje made its first broadcast on 28 July 1940, consisting of a rendition of the nationalist song Merck toch hoe sterck, followed by a speech by Queen Wilhelmina. In total, Wilhelmina spoke on ''Radio Oranje'' 34 times during the course of the war. The name, Radio Oranje, was a tribute to the Dutch monarchy's House of Orange-Nassau. Presenters *Jan de Hartog *Loe de Jong *Herman de Man * A. den Doolaard *Jetty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miss Riboet's Orion
Miss Riboet's Orion, originally known as the Orion Opera, was a theatrical troupe active in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in the 1920s and early 1930s. Established by the husband and wife team Tio Tek Djien and Miss Riboet, the company travelled throughout the Indies and performed various acts, particularly those with action scenes. It was disbanded in 1942, having lost much of its popularity due to competition with Dardanella (theatre company), Dardanella. History In the late 19th century various forms of popular theatre, inspired by Western techniques and formats, began to develop in the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands. The earliest were the Malayan ''bangsawan'' troupes, who traveled to Sumatra and Java beginning in the 1880s. The ''Komedi Stamboel'' developed in the Indies in the 1890s, inspired by these ''bangsawan'' troupes. By 1910 various organisations run by the Chinese Indonesians, ethnic Chinese had begun holding stage performances, which they term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)
The ''Volksraad'' (People's Council) an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, was provided for by law in 1916 but was only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the ''Volksraad'' was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected only a small proportion of the population had voting rights. Initially the ''Volksraad'' had 39 members, eventually rising to 60. It was reconstituted every four years. The members were partly elected, partly appointed by the colonial administration. Background The idea of a representative body in the Dutch East Indies arose partly became of the Ethical Policy implemented by the Dutch government as part of a move away from simple exploration of the colony towards expressing concern for the Indonesian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonifacius Cornelis De Jonge
Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge (22 January 1875 – 24 June 1958) was a Dutch politician. He was the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in 1931–1936. ''Parlement & Politiek''. Retrieved on 18 January 2015. Family De Jonge was the son of Mr. Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge (1834-1907), president of the District Court of The Hague and then a judge in the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, and Elisabeth Henrietta Maria Philipse (1839-1927). On 5 July 1904 he married Anna Cornelia Baroness of Wassenaer (1883-1959), founder and chairman of the General Support Fund for I ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen's Day
''Koningsdag'' () or King's Day is a public holiday, national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Celebrated on 27 April (26 April if the 27th is a Sunday), the date marks the birth of King Willem-Alexander. When the Dutch monarch is female, the holiday is known as ''Koninginnedag'' () or Queen's Day and, under Queen Beatrix until 2013, was celebrated on 30 April. The holiday was initially observed on 31 August 1885 as ''Prinsessedag'' or Princess's Day, the fifth birthday of Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Princess Wilhelmina, then heir presumptive to the Dutch throne. On her accession in November 1890 the holiday acquired the name ''Koninginnedag'', first celebrated on 31 August 1891. In September 1948, Wilhelmina's daughter Juliana of the Netherlands, Juliana ascended to the throne and the holiday was moved to her birthday, 30 April. The holiday was celebrated on this date from 1949. Juliana's daughter, Beatrix, retained the celebration on 30 April after she ascended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Language
Malay (; ms, Bahasa Melayu, links=no, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , Rejang script, Rencong: ) is an Austronesian languages, Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of the Philippines and Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people (around 260 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named "Indonesian language, Indonesian") across Maritime Southeast Asia. As the or ("national language") of several states, Standard Malay has various official names. In Malaysia, it is designated as either ("Malaysian Malay") or also ("Malay language"). In Singapore and Brunei, it is called ("Malay language"). In Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called ("Indonesian language") is designated the ("unifying language" or lingua franca). However, in areas of Central to Southern Sumatra, where vernacular varieties of Malay are indigenous, Indonesians refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
