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Rabdophaga Rigidae
''Rabdophaga rigidae'', the willow beaked-gall midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is found across North America. Some sources state that it is also present in parts of eastern Asia including Japan; however, a 2006 study shows that the Asian populations likely represent a separate species: '' Rabdophaga salicivora''. Life history The larvae of this midge form galls as they develop in the terminal buds of willows. They overwinter in these galls and emerge in the spring as adults. In studies performed on '' Salix eriocarpa'', it was found that plants colonized by the willow beaked-gall midge are stimulated to produce greater numbers of lateral shoots. This younger secondary growth in turn leads to increased herbivory by aphids such as ''Aphis farinosa'' and leaf beetles such as ''Plagiodera versicolora ''Plagiodera versicolora'' is a species of leaf beetle (subfamily Chrysomelinae) in the genus ''Plagiodera''. Description ''Plagiodera versi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecidomyiidae
Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only in length; many are less than long. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the order Diptera, and have long antennae. Some Cecidomyiids are also known for the strange phenomenon of paedogenesis in which the larval stage reproduces without maturing first. In some species, the daughter larvae consume the mother, while in others, reproduction occurs later on in the egg or pupa. More than 6,650 species and 830 genera are described worldwide, though this is certainly an underestimate of the actual diversity of this family. A DNA barcoding study published in 2016 estimated the fauna of Canada alone to be in excess of 16,000 species, hinting at a staggering global count of over 1 million cecidomyiid species that have yet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabdophaga Salicivora
''Rabdophaga'' is genus of flies in the family of gall midges Cecidomyiidae. There are 105 species distributed through Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Most species of ''Rabdophaga'' gall willows (''Salix'' sp.); one exception is ''R. giraudiana'' which galls the stems of poplars ( ''Populus'' sp.). Species * ''Rabdophaga absobrina'' ( Felt, 1907) * ''Rabdophaga albipennis'' ( Loew, 1850) * ''Rabdophaga auritae'' * ''Rabdophaga californica'' ( Felt, 1908) * ''Rabdophaga caulicola'' ( Felt, 1909) * ''Rabdophaga cephalanthi'' ( Felt, 1908) * ''Rabdophaga cinerearum'' * '' Rabdophaga clausilia'' (Bremi, 1847) * ''Rabdophaga clavifex'' (Kieffer 1891) * ''Rabdophaga consobrina'' ( Felt, 1907) * '' Rabdophaga degeerii'' ( Bremi, 1847) * ''Rabdophaga deletrix'' (Rübsaamen, 1916) * ''Rabdophaga dubiosa'' (Kieffer, 1913) * ''Rabdophaga essigi'' ( Felt, 1926) * ''Rabdophaga exsiccans'' (Rübsaamen, 1916) * ''Rabdophaga frater'' ( Cockerell, 1890) * ''Rabdophaga gemmae'' ( Felt, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gall
Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology. In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing. Causes of plant galls Insects and mites Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salix Eriocarpa
''Salix pierotii'', the Korean willow, is a species of willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist so ... native to northeast China, far eastern Russia, the Korean peninsula and Japan. They are shrubs or trees reaching 8m. Because their twisted wood is not good for timber or making tools, in Japan ''Salix pierotii'' trees are used to demarcate property lines between farms. Forms One form is currently accepted: *''Salix pierotii'' f. ''auricomans'' Kimura References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15230921 pierotii Plants described in 1867 Trees of Korea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateral Shoot
A lateral shoot, commonly known as a branch, is a part of a plant's shoot system that develops from axillary buds on the stem's surface, extending laterally from the plant's stem. Importance to photosynthesis As a plant grows it requires more energy, it also is required to out-compete nearby plants for this energy. One of the ways a plant can compete for this energy is to increase its height, another is to increase its overall surface area. That is to say, the more lateral shoots a plant develops, the more foliage the plant can support increases how much photosynthesis the plant can perform as it allows for more area for the plant to uptake carbon dioxide as well as sunlight. Genes, transcription factors, and growth Through testing with Arabidopsis thaliana (A plant considered a model organism for plant genetic studies) genes including MAX1 and MAX2 have been found to affect growth of lateral shoots. Gene knockouts of these genes cause abnormal proliferation of the plants affect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A typical life cycle involves flightless females giving live birth to female nymphs—who may also be already pregnant, an adaptation scientists call telescoping generations—without the involvement of males. Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonize new plants. In temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant. Some species feed on only one type of plant, while others are generalists, coloni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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